Cardiovascular Diseases
Conditions
Keywords
Fatty acids, Lipids, Nitroso compounds, Lipid metabolism, Gut metabolism
Brief summary
High consumption of red meat is related to cardiovascular diseases. Red meat containing more unsaturated fat than normal red meat may have a beneficial impact on plasma lipid and fatty acid profile in humans. Furthermore, consumption of red meat and especially processed red meat is considered harmful to colon health. However, consumption of fruit and berries rich in antioxidants and flavonoids may provide protection when red meat is consumed. The study aims to answer whether the fatty acid profile of pork when modified towards more unsaturated fat will affect plasma fatty acids and lipids in adult volunteers. The effects of pork with a modified fatty acid content is compared with conventional pork with lower unsaturated fat content. Fatty acid composition of pork is modified by altering the composition of animal feed. The other arm of the study investigates the effects of consuming berries together with red meat on gut metabolism. The study focuses on how berries affect the formation of fecal compounds known to be related to high red meat consumption, such as N-nitroso compounds.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTModified pork
Pork with modified fatty acid composition
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTPork
Pork with normal fat composition
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTPork and berries
Pork with normal fat composition and Finnish berries
Sponsors
University of Helsinki
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
20 Years to 68 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* diet includes meat
Exclusion criteria
* high consumption of fish (4 times per week) * use of fish oil/ omega-3 oil capsules one month before the intervention * hypercholesterolemia * vegetarian, vegan
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in plasma fatty acids as a measure of dietary fatty acid modification | 4 weeks | — |
| Change in fecal nitroso compounds as a measure of increased (processed) red meat consumption | 4 weeks | Measured as apparent total nitroso compounds (ATNC) |
| Genotoxicity testing of human fecal water in 3D cell culture | 4 weeks | Fecal water is isolated from fecal samples collected before and after the intervention period from arms B and C. The samples are tested for markers of genotoxicity in 3D cell culture. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in plasma lipids as a measure of dietary modification | 4 weeks | Concentrations of and changes in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides are measured before and after the intervention period |
| Change in hemoglobin as a measure of dietary modification | 4 weeks | — |
| Concentration of polyphenolics in fecal water as a measure of consumption of berries | 4 weeks | The polyphenol content of the fecal water is assessed from arms B and C |
| Change in blood pressure as a measure of dietary modofcation | 4 weeks | Blood pressure is measured before and after the study period. |
| Weight development during the study period | 4 weeks | The subjects are weighed before and after the study and their weight is monitored weekly during the study |
Countries
Finland
Outcome results
None listed