Multiple Myeloma
Conditions
Keywords
Multiple Myeloma
Brief summary
This research study is evaluating a combination of three drugs called lenalidomide, subcutaneous (injection under the skin) bortezomib, and dexamethasone (RVD) as a possible treatment for multiple myeloma.
Detailed description
This research study is a Phase II clinical trial, which tests the safety and effectiveness of an investigational combination of drugs to learn whether the combination of drugs works in treating a specific cancer. Investigational means that the combination of drugs is being studied. It also means that the FDA (the U.S. Food and Drug Administration) has not yet approved the combination of drugs for your type of cancer. Each of the individual drugs, lenalidomide , subcutaneous bortezomib, and dexamethasone, are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The combination has not been approved yet for multiple myeloma or any other type of cancer. Subcutaneous bortezomib is currently approved by the U.S. FDA for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Lenalidomide is currently approved for use with dexamethasone for patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least one prior therapy and for the treatment of certain types of myelodysplastic syndrome (another form of cancer affecting the blood). Both Bortezomib and Lenalidomide kill tumor cells and help the body cells to fight cancer. Dexamethasone is commonly used, either alone, or in combination with other drugs, to treat multiple myeloma. Dexamethasone heps to reduce irritation and cell injury (inflammation). In this research study, the investigators are looking to explore the drug combination of lenalidomide, subcutaneous bortezomib and dexamethasone to see what side effects it may have and how well it works for treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. This 3 drug regimen showed promising results in previous studies, however administration of intravenous bortezomib caused high levels of nerve injury (a condition involving the nerves of the upper and lower extremities associated with numbness, tingling and burning). In this study, the investigators are testing the hypothesis that subcutaneous administration of bortezomib will result in less nerve toxicity. Therefore, the combination of lenalidomide, dexamethasone and subcutaneous bortezomib may be better tolerated and may allow for a longer duration of therapy.
Interventions
DRUGBortezomib
DRUGLenalidomide
DRUGDexamethasone
PROCEDUREStem Cell Mobilization
PROCEDUREAutologous Stem Cell Transplant
Sponsors
Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Celgene
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Diagnosis of symptomatic MM, according to International Myeloma Foundation 2003 Diagnostic Criteria: * Clonal plasma cells \>10% on bone marrow biopsy * A monoclonal protein (paraprotein) in either serum or urine(except in cases of non-secretory myeloma)\* * Myeloma-related organ dysfunction (1 or more) of the following (evidence of end-organ damage felt related to the plasma cell disorder related organ or tissue impairment (ROTI), commonly referred to by the acronym CRAB): * Serum Ca ≥ 10.5 mg/dL or * Renal insufficiency attributable to myeloma. Serum creatinine \> 2mg/dL * Anemia: Normochromic, normocytic with a hemoglobin value \> 2g/dL below the lower limit of normal or a hemoglobin \<10 g/dL * Bone lesions (lytic lesions, severe osteopenia or pathologic fractures) or osteoporosis. \*If no monoclonal protein is detected (non-secretory disease), then \>/= 30% monoclonal bone marrow plasma cells and/or a biopsy-proven plasmacytoma required. * Has received no prior treatment with any systemic therapy for the treatment of multiple myeloma * Prior treatment of hypercalcemia or spinal cord compression with corticosteroids does not disqualify the patient (the dose should not exceed the equivalent of 160 mg of dexamethasone in a 2 week period). * Bisphosphonates are permitted. * Local radiation as long as two weeks have lapsed since last date of radiotherapy, which is recommended to be a limited field. * Age ≥18 years at the time of signing Informed Consent * ECOG performance status ≤ 2 (Karnofsky ≥ 50%) * Voluntary written informed consent * Subject must be able to adhere to the study visit schedule and other protocol requirements. * Females of reproductive potential must adhere to the scheduled pregnancy testing as required in the Revlimid REMS® program. Females of childbearing potential (FCBP) must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test with a sensitivity of at least 50 µL/mL 10 to14 days prior to therapy and repeated again within 24 hours prior to prescribing lenalidomide for Cycle 1 and must either commit to complete abstinence from heterosexual contact or begin TWO acceptable methods of birth control, one highly effective method and one additional effective (barrier) method, AT THE SAME TIME, at least 28 days before she starts taking lenalidomide. FCBP must also agree to ongoing pregnancy testing. Men must practice complete abstinence or agree to use a condom during sexual contact with a FCBP even if they have had a successful vasectomy. All study participants must be registered into the mandatory Revlimid REMS® program, and be willing and able to comply with the requirements of the REMS® program- Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document
Exclusion criteria
* Participants who exhibit any of the following conditions at screening will not be eligible for admission into the study. * Renal insufficiency (serum creatinine levels \> 2.5 mg/dL, calculated Crcl with Cockcroft-Gault formula, see Appendix B, \< 45 ml/min) * Subjects with evidence of mucosal or internal bleeding and/or platelet refractory (i.e., unable to maintain a platelet count ≥ 50,000 cells/mm3) * Subjects with an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \< 1000 cells/mm3. Growth factors may not be used to meet ANC eligibility criteria * Subjects with a hemoglobin \< 8.0 g/dL * AST (SGOT) and ALT (SGPT) \> 2 x institutional ULN, bilirubin levels ≥1.5 institutional ULN * Concomitant therapy medications that include corticosteroids (except as indicated in inclusion criteria). * Myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to enrollment or has New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV heart failure (Appendix C), uncontrolled angina, severe uncontrolled ventricular arrhythmias, or electrocardiographic evidence of acute ischemia or active conduction system abnormalities. * Clinically relevant active infection requiring treatment (antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals). * Any serious co-morbid condition, including laboratory abnormalities, that in the opinion of the Investigator places the subject at unacceptable risk if he/she were to participate in the study. * Female subject is pregnant or breast-feeding. * Serious psychiatric illness or addiction likely to interfere with participation in this clinical study. * Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. * Contraindication to any required concomitant drugs or supportive therapies including hypersensitivity to all anticoagulation and antiplatelet options or hypersensitivity to acyclovir or similar anti-viral drug. * History of allergic reaction/hypersensitivity attributed to compounds containing boron, mannitol, polysorbate 80 or sodium citrate dehydrate. * POEMS syndrome (plasma cell dyscrasia with polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal protein (M-protein) and skin changes). * Known seropositive for or active HIV infection or hepatitis B or C viral infection. * Patients who are seropositive because of hepatitis B virus vaccine are eligible. * Known intolerance to steroid therapy. * Patient has hypersensitivity to bortezomib, boron, or mannitol. * Diagnosed or treated for another malignancy within 2 years of enrollment, with the exception of complete resection of basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, an in situ malignancy, or low-risk prostate cancer after curative therapy. * Participation in clinical trials with other investigational agents not included in this trial, within 14 days of the start of this trial and throughout the duration of this trial. * Radiation therapy within 2 weeks of enrollment. Enrollment of subjects who require concurrent radiotherapy (which must be localized in its field size) should be deferred until the radiotherapy is completed and 2 weeks have elapsed since the last date of therapy. * Participant must be able to swallow pills.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Grade 3-4 Induction Peripheral Neuropathy Rate | Participants were followed up to 24 weeks. | Grade 3-4 induction peripheral neuropathy rate was defined as the proportion of participants who experienced grade 3 or 4 peripheral neuropathy based on the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0 (CTCAEv4) as reported on case report forms during induction therapy (4 cycles RsqVd for ASCT patients and 8 cycles for non-ASCT patients). |
| 4-Cycle Induction Overall Response Rate (ORR) | Participants were followed up to 12 weeks. | 4-cycle ORR was defined as the percentage of participants who achieved partial response or better based on the International Myeloma Working Group Response (IMWG) criteria during the first 4 cycles of induction therapy. |
| Induction Overall Response Rate (ORR) | Participants were followed up to 24 weeks. | Induction ORR was defined as the percentage of participants who achieved partial response or better based on the International Myeloma Working Group Response (IMWG) criteria during induction therapy either 4 cycles or 8 cycles of combination therapy. Response on ASCT is not included. |
| Four-cycle Induction Peripheral Neuropathy (PN) Rate | Participants were followed up to 12 weeks. | Four-cycle induction PN rate was defined as the proportion of participants who experienced peripheral neuropathy includes any attribution and any grades based on the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0 (CTCAEv4) during the first 4 cycles of induction therapy. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Median Time to Progression (TTP) | Disease was assessed up to 41.2 months. | Median TTP based on KM method is defined as the time from first dose of treatment to the first progression event or censored at date last disease assessment. PD, based on IMWG criteria, requires 1+ of the following: \>25% increase in the level of serum monoclonal paraprotein, which must also be an absolute increase of at least 5 g/L and confirmed on a repeat investigation. \>25% increase in 24h urinary light chain excretion, which must also be an absolute increase of at least 200 mg/24 h and confirmed on a repeat investigation. \>25% increase in plasma cells in a bone marrow aspirate or on trephine biopsy, which must also be an absolute increase of at least 10%. Definite increase in the size of existing lytic bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas. Development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas. Development of hypercalcemia. |
| 1-Year Progression Free Survival (PFS) Probability | Median follow up for PFS is 13.4 months with the relevant observation timepoint equal to 1 year. | 1-year PFS is the probability estimate at 1 year based on the Kaplan-Meier method. PFS is defined as the duration of time from study entry to documented disease progression or death from any cause, censored at the date last known progression-free for those who have not progressed or died. PD, based on IMWG criteria, requires 1+ of the following: \>25% increase in the level of serum monoclonal paraprotein, which must also be an absolute increase of at least 5 g/L and confirmed on a repeat investigation. \>25% increase in 24h urinary light chain excretion, which must also be an absolute increase of at least 200 mg/24 h and confirmed on a repeat investigation. \>25% increase in plasma cells in a bone marrow aspirate or on trephine biopsy, which must also be an absolute increase of at least 10%. Definite increase in the size of existing lytic bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas. Development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas. Development of hypercalcemia. |
| Median Duration of Response (DOR) | Disease was assessed up to 41.2 months. | DOR was defined at the time from the first assessment indicating PR or better response to the first progression (PD) event based on IMWG criteria. |
| 1-year Overall Survival (OS) Rate | Survival was assessed up to 1 year. | 1-year OS rate was defined as the percentage of participants alive at 1 year. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Participants were enrolled from December 2015 to June 2017.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Lenalidomide, Subcutaneous Bortezomib, Dexamethasone Lenalidomide (R): 25 mg on days 1-14 orally Subcutaneous Bortezomib (sqV): 1.3 mg/m\^2 on days 1, 4, 8 and 11 Dexamethasone (d): 20 mg on days 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11 and 12 Stem cell mobilization occurs at the end of Cycle 4. Participants may elect to stop treatment at the end of Induction Cycle 4 and proceed to autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) with melphalan 200 mg/m\^2 conditioning, or receive a full 8 cycles of RsqVd induction therapy. RsqVd cycle duration is 21-days.
Maintenance follows with the specific regimen determined by risk category. High-risk participants defined as those with International Staging System (ISS) stage II or stage III disease and/or high-risk cytogenetics including t(4;14), t(4; 16), del(17p) receive sqV of 1.3 mg/m\^2 on days 1 and 15 in addition to R 10mg (15mg after cycle 3 if tolerated) on days 1-21 of 28-day cycle. Standard-risk participants receive R monotherapy. | 46 |
| Total | 46 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Induction | Adverse Event | 4 |
| Induction | Complicating disease | 1 |
| Induction | Did not receive treatment | 1 |
| Induction | Physician Decision | 1 |
| Induction | Withdrawal by Subject | 1 |
| Maintenance | Adverse Event | 3 |
| Maintenance | Physician Decision | 1 |
| Maintenance | Progressive Disease | 10 |
| Maintenance | Remaining on Treatment | 23 |
| Maintenance | Withdrawal by Subject | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Lenalidomide, Subcutaneous Bortezomib, Dexamethasone |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 61.5 years |
| ECOG Performance Score (PS) ECOG PS 0 | 19 participants |
| ECOG Performance Score (PS) ECOG PS 1 | 21 participants |
| ECOG Performance Score (PS) ECOG PS 2 | 2 participants |
| ECOG Performance Score (PS) Unknown | 4 participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 2 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 41 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 40 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 19 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 27 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 42 | 0 / 35 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 42 / 42 | 30 / 35 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 8 / 42 | 8 / 35 |
Outcome results
Primary
4-Cycle Induction Overall Response Rate (ORR)
4-cycle ORR was defined as the percentage of participants who achieved partial response or better based on the International Myeloma Working Group Response (IMWG) criteria during the first 4 cycles of induction therapy.
Time frame: Participants were followed up to 12 weeks.
Population: Evaluable for disease response analysis having started therapy and assessed for disease post-baseline.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Lenalidomide, Subcutaneous Bortezomib, Dexamethasone | 4-Cycle Induction Overall Response Rate (ORR) | 95 percentage of participants |
Primary
Four-cycle Induction Peripheral Neuropathy (PN) Rate
Four-cycle induction PN rate was defined as the proportion of participants who experienced peripheral neuropathy includes any attribution and any grades based on the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0 (CTCAEv4) during the first 4 cycles of induction therapy.
Time frame: Participants were followed up to 12 weeks.
Population: Safety- all treated population.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Lenalidomide, Subcutaneous Bortezomib, Dexamethasone | Four-cycle Induction Peripheral Neuropathy (PN) Rate | 0.71 proportion of participants |
Primary
Grade 3-4 Induction Peripheral Neuropathy Rate
Grade 3-4 induction peripheral neuropathy rate was defined as the proportion of participants who experienced grade 3 or 4 peripheral neuropathy based on the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0 (CTCAEv4) as reported on case report forms during induction therapy (4 cycles RsqVd for ASCT patients and 8 cycles for non-ASCT patients).
Time frame: Participants were followed up to 24 weeks.
Population: The analysis population is comprised of all treated participants.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Lenalidomide, Subcutaneous Bortezomib, Dexamethasone | Grade 3-4 Induction Peripheral Neuropathy Rate | 0.07 proportion of participants |
Primary
Induction Overall Response Rate (ORR)
Induction ORR was defined as the percentage of participants who achieved partial response or better based on the International Myeloma Working Group Response (IMWG) criteria during induction therapy either 4 cycles or 8 cycles of combination therapy. Response on ASCT is not included.
Time frame: Participants were followed up to 24 weeks.
Population: Evaluable for disease response analysis having started therapy and assessed for disease post-baseline.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Lenalidomide, Subcutaneous Bortezomib, Dexamethasone | Induction Overall Response Rate (ORR) | 97.5 percentage of participants |
Secondary
1-year Overall Survival (OS) Rate
1-year OS rate was defined as the percentage of participants alive at 1 year.
Time frame: Survival was assessed up to 1 year.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Lenalidomide, Subcutaneous Bortezomib, Dexamethasone | 1-year Overall Survival (OS) Rate | 100 percentage of participants |
Secondary
1-Year Progression Free Survival (PFS) Probability
1-year PFS is the probability estimate at 1 year based on the Kaplan-Meier method. PFS is defined as the duration of time from study entry to documented disease progression or death from any cause, censored at the date last known progression-free for those who have not progressed or died. PD, based on IMWG criteria, requires 1+ of the following: \>25% increase in the level of serum monoclonal paraprotein, which must also be an absolute increase of at least 5 g/L and confirmed on a repeat investigation. \>25% increase in 24h urinary light chain excretion, which must also be an absolute increase of at least 200 mg/24 h and confirmed on a repeat investigation. \>25% increase in plasma cells in a bone marrow aspirate or on trephine biopsy, which must also be an absolute increase of at least 10%. Definite increase in the size of existing lytic bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas. Development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas. Development of hypercalcemia.
Time frame: Median follow up for PFS is 13.4 months with the relevant observation timepoint equal to 1 year.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Lenalidomide, Subcutaneous Bortezomib, Dexamethasone | 1-Year Progression Free Survival (PFS) Probability | 89.2 percentage probability |
Secondary
Median Duration of Response (DOR)
DOR was defined at the time from the first assessment indicating PR or better response to the first progression (PD) event based on IMWG criteria.
Time frame: Disease was assessed up to 41.2 months.
Population: The analysis population is comprised of participants who achieved partial response.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Lenalidomide, Subcutaneous Bortezomib, Dexamethasone | Median Duration of Response (DOR) | NA Months |
Secondary
Median Time to Progression (TTP)
Median TTP based on KM method is defined as the time from first dose of treatment to the first progression event or censored at date last disease assessment. PD, based on IMWG criteria, requires 1+ of the following: \>25% increase in the level of serum monoclonal paraprotein, which must also be an absolute increase of at least 5 g/L and confirmed on a repeat investigation. \>25% increase in 24h urinary light chain excretion, which must also be an absolute increase of at least 200 mg/24 h and confirmed on a repeat investigation. \>25% increase in plasma cells in a bone marrow aspirate or on trephine biopsy, which must also be an absolute increase of at least 10%. Definite increase in the size of existing lytic bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas. Development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas. Development of hypercalcemia.
Time frame: Disease was assessed up to 41.2 months.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Lenalidomide, Subcutaneous Bortezomib, Dexamethasone | Median Time to Progression (TTP) | NA Months |