Agitation
Conditions
Brief summary
Emergence agitation is a common problem in children during recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia. Pain is considered as a cause of postoperative emergence agitation and compounding factor of agitation assessment in children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of scalp nerve block on the emergence agitation in children undergoing nevus surgery during sevoflurane anesthesia.
Detailed description
Forty-four children, 1-7 years old, undergoing nevus surgery on head were enrolled. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental sodium and rocuronium, and maintained with sevoflurane. Patients were randomly assigned two groups: the control group received IV remifentanil 1 μg/kg, and the block group received scalp nerve block with 0.25% ropivacaine 2-3 ml. Time to tracheal extubation, recovery time, hemodynamic change, FLACC score, and Watcha behavior scale for emergence agitation were assessed.
Interventions
DRUGRopivacaine
0.25% ropivacaine 2-3 ml was injected around the scalp nerves that are located on the head.
DRUGRemifentanil
Remifentanil 1 μg/kg was injected before skin incision.
DRUGSevoflurane
Anesthesia was titrated with sevoflurane, maintaining mean arterial pressure and heart rate within 20% baseline value.
Sponsors
Ajou University School of Medicine
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
1 Years to 7 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* ASA I-II patients undergoing general anesthesia for nevus surgery
Exclusion criteria
* developmental disorder * neurologic disorder * coaguloparthy * allergy to local anesthetics
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| change of Watcha behavior scale for emergence agitation (4 point) | from immediately after PACU arrival to 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min after arrival |
Countries
South Korea
Outcome results
None listed