Healthy
Conditions
Keywords
Brain metabolism, Ketones, Ketogenic diet, TEP scan
Brief summary
Regional brain glucose hypometabolism occurs during aging and may contribute to the onset of aging-related cognitive impairment in humans. Ketones are the main alternative energy substrate to glucose for the brain. Several studies show that brain ketone uptake and metabolism are unaltered in cognitively-normal older persons and in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nutritional ketosis is reported to have a positive impact on cognitive performances in mild cognitive impairment and AD. Nevertheless, changes in regional brain glucose and ketone uptake in adults are poorly understood during diet-induced experimental ketosis. The investigators hypothesis was that during diet-induced ketosis, brain ketone uptake would be directly correlated with the elevation of blood ketone levels and inversely correlated to brain glucose uptake.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTPre-KD
Before starting 4 days of 4:1 (lipids:protein/carbohydrates) ketogenic diet
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTPost-KD
After 4 days of 4:1 (lipids:protein/carbohydrates) ketogenic diet
Sponsors
Université de Sherbrooke
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
Ten participants received a very high fat ketogenic diet (KD) (4.5:1; lipid:protein plus carbohydrates) for four days.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Healthy adults * No signs of cognitive impairment
Exclusion criteria
* Not within the age limits * Pregnancy or breast feeding * Incapacity to withstand a supine position for 40 min * Non lacunar infarction * Known psychiatric history of schizophrenia, psychotic disorders, major affective disorders (bipolar disorder and major depression \<5 years), panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorders and other conditions that may affect memory * Epilepsy, brain trauma with loss of consciousness, subarachnoid hemorrhage * History of alcool and/or substances abuse (excessive alcool consumption ≥10 drinks/weeks) * Parkinson disease * Down syndrome * Inflammatory disease * Abnormal blood pressure, liver or kidney function, blood count * Dyslipidemia, hypothyroidism, osteoporosis * Presence of a metal object in the body
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Mean in Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Acetoacetate Before or After 4 Days of Ketogenic Diet | At baseline (approximatively 1 month before the onset of the diet) and right after a 4 days ketogenic diet |
| Mean in Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Glucose Before or After 4 Days of Ketogenic Diet | At baseline (approximatively 1 month before the onset of the diet) and right after a 4 days ketogenic diet |
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Participant were recruited with advertising poster on bulletin board of different local organism (university, health clinic, sport and leisure association, etc)
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Ketogenic Diet TEP study following a 4 day ketogenic diet (KD)
Intervention 1: Pre-KD = Participants did a TEP before starting a 4 days ketogenic diet Intervention 2: Post-KD = Participants did a TEP after 4 days of ketogenic diet | 10 |
| Total | 10 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Ketogenic Diet |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 10 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 34 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 15 |
| Region of Enrollment Canada | 10 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 4 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 6 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 10 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 10 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 10 |
Outcome results
Primary
Mean in Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Acetoacetate Before or After 4 Days of Ketogenic Diet
Time frame: At baseline (approximatively 1 month before the onset of the diet) and right after a 4 days ketogenic diet
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ketogenic Diet | Mean in Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Acetoacetate Before or After 4 Days of Ketogenic Diet | Pre-KD | 0.672 µmol/100g/min | Standard Error 0.18 |
| Ketogenic Diet | Mean in Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Acetoacetate Before or After 4 Days of Ketogenic Diet | Post-KD | 4.83 µmol/100g/min | Standard Error 0.75 |
Primary
Mean in Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Glucose Before or After 4 Days of Ketogenic Diet
Time frame: At baseline (approximatively 1 month before the onset of the diet) and right after a 4 days ketogenic diet
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ketogenic Diet | Mean in Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Glucose Before or After 4 Days of Ketogenic Diet | Pre-KD | 31.58 µmol/100g/min | Standard Error 3.02 |
| Ketogenic Diet | Mean in Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Glucose Before or After 4 Days of Ketogenic Diet | Post-KD | 24.46 µmol/100g/min | Standard Error 5.47 |