Obesity
Conditions
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to determine whether high-flavonoid cocoa can decrease appetite in humans. In addition the study is designed to test epicatechin, a compound found in cocoa and procyanidins, a class of compounds found in cocoa, for their ability to decrease appetite in humans.
Detailed description
The study is a four-way randomized double-blinded crossover trial with randomization balanced for beverage and lab visit order.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTLo-Flav
low-flavonoid cocoa powder with 0 mg of procyanidins and 0 mg epicatechin per kg of body weight will be consumed as a beverage.
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTHi-Flav
High-flavonoid cocoa powder with 3.8 mg procyanidins per kg of body weight and 0.6 mg Epicatechin per kg of body weight will be consumed as a beverage.
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTEpicatechin
Low-flavonoid cocoa powder plus 1 mg epicatechin per kg of body weight will be consumed as a beverage
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTProcyanidins
Low-flavonoid cocoa powder plus 3.7 mg procyanidins per kg of body weight will be consumed as a beverage.
Sponsors
Brooklyn College of the City University of New York
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* stable-weight, as indicated by weight gain or loss of \<2% in the past 6 months; * engaging in only mild exercise\< twice a week; * moderate alcohol users, \<2 drinks/day; * willing to eat pizza. * mentally and physically healthy.
Exclusion criteria
* smokers regular; * frequent drinkers of coffee, tea or cola sodas, \>daily; * underweight or obese (BMI: \<18.5 or \>30 Kg/m2); * allergies to chocolate, cocoa, green tea, coffee or pizza; * using medication; * interested in registering in the future for the course Health & Nutrition Sciences 2140, Introduction to the U.S. Health Care System, that is often taught by the PI of the proposed study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Appetite as assessed by amount of pizza eaten. | Two and a half hours | Amount of pizza eaten to be assessed two and one half hours after ingestion of the beverage. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Appetite as assessed by a Visual Analog Scale | Two and one half hours | Visual Analog Scale assessments to be conducted during the two and one half hours after ingestion of the beverage. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed