Hoarding Disorder
Conditions
Keywords
Hoarding, Compulsive Hoarding
Brief summary
This project will utilize a novel behavioral intervention for hoarding disorder that takes into account age and neurocognitive factors. The goal of this project is to gain knowledge on how treatment components may or may not work for Veterans with hoarding disorder. Further, the investigators hope to increase understanding of functional and long term outcomes in response to hoarding treatment.
Detailed description
Objective: The investigators propose to conduct a randomized controlled trial comparing six months (26 sessions) of Cognitive Rehabilitation and Exposure/Sorting Therapy (CREST) treatment to a robust comparator, six months of Exposure Therapy alone, in 136 participants with HD. Research Design: Assessments will be administered at baseline, during treatment (sessions 7, 13, 21), post-treatment, and 3- and 6-month follow-up, thus, all participants will be enrolled for one year. Methodology: The primary objective is to evaluate whether CREST significantly reduces hoarding symptoms and improves functional capacity and quality of life when compared to exposure therapy alone. The investigators will also examine the impact of treatment mediators; treatment adherence, changes in executive functioning, avoidance, symptom severity on outcomes. Age and executive functioning will also be explored as potential moderators. Finally, by repeatedly measuring treatment targets, the investigators will examine time to maximum treatment effect in an effort to understand mechanisms of change. Clinical Relationships: By providing a treatment for many Veterans with HD, the investigators can alter the course of their symptom trajectory and negative consequences, resulting in both healthcare costs savings and improved quality of life for Veterans.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALCognitive Rehabilitation and Exposure/Sorting Treatment (CREST)
Compensatory Cognitive Training is a manualized, low-tech, cognitive training intervention designed to target cognitive impairments common in people with psychiatric illness. The CCT modules specifically selected for CREST map onto known areas of HD neurocognitive deficits or weakness and include training in prospective memory, prioritizing, problem solving, planning, and cognitive flexibility. Symptoms of acquiring and saving are themselves avoidance behaviors that are performed to avoid internal distress related to negative thoughts and emotions. Avoidance serves to reduce distress related to the beliefs regarding the necessity and utility of possessions. In the CREST condition, the second part and the majority of treatment is dedicated to exposure therapy (ET) for discarding and not acquiring while in the control condition, the entire treatment will consist of ET.
BEHAVIORALExposure Therapy (ET)
The investigators propose to use a robust control condition, ET, with the same frequency and amount of therapist contact as CREST. Twenty-six weekly, individual ET sessions (6 months) will be delivered. The control group will receive ET for all 26 sessions and no cognitive training. As in CREST, the ET sessions will be manualized and copies utilized during session by both the patient and therapist.
Sponsors
VA Office of Research and Development
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Intervention model description
Cognitive rehabilitation and exposure/sorting therapy (CREST) versus Exposure therapy only
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 85 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Veterans age 18-85 * Hoarding Disorder diagnosis outlined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)6 as measured by the Structured Interview for Hoarding Disorder (SIHD)67 * HD as a primary diagnosis * Stable on medications for at least 12 weeks, with no pharmacologic changes expected or made during the 12-month study * Voluntary consent to participate
Exclusion criteria
* Diagnosis of: * psychotic disorder * substance abuse disorder as measured by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.)68 * Current or history of any neurodegenerative disease * Active suicidal ideation * Concurrent participation in psychotherapy or ET for HD, or prior history of CREST for HD
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Saving Inventory Revised | Baseline to 6 month-follow-up (12 months total) | Hoarding symptom severity (primary outcome) will be measured using the Savings Inventory-Revised (SI-R)56, a 23-item self-report measure used to assess common hoarding symptoms. Subscales include clutter, acquisition, and difficulty discarding. The SI-R has demonstrated good internal consistency, divergent validity, concurrent validity, and test-retest reliability in clinical samples with hoarding. The total score will be used for analyses. Total of 23 items divided into 3 subscales, each item Likert scale ranges from 0-4 (0= not at all, 4= extreme), Clutter Subscale (9 items): scores greater than 13 indicate clinical significance (Max score=36), Difficulty Discarding/Saving Subscale (7 items): scores greater than 13 indicate clinical significance, Acquisition Subscale (7 items): scores greater than 15 indicate clinical significance (Max Score= 28). Total Max score = 92. A Total score greater than 40 is a typical score for people experiencing challenges with hoarding behaviors. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Baseline to 6 months post-treatment (on average 1 year) | The University of California San Diego (UCSD) Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA)76 is an assessment of everyday functioning skills including household skills (e.g., writing a shopping list based on a recipe, range 0 to 4), communication (e.g., rescheduling appointments, range 0 to 12), finance (e.g., paying a utility bill, range 0 to 11), comprehension and planning (e.g., planning outings, range 0 to 14), and transportation (e.g., comprehension of a bus schedule, range 0 to 9). The subscales are scored, converted to a percentage, and weighed equally toward the total score of 100; higher score equals better performance for all subscales and total. The UPSA has demonstrated high inter-rater reliability (0.91) and convergent validity with other performance-based measures. The total UPSA summary score will be used for analyses. \*Nearly half of each timepoint was out of 60 due to adjustments for COVID-19, a total of 60 was used with financial, communication, and planning subscales. |
| UCSD SORT Test | Baseline to 6 months post-treatment | The UCSD SORT Test (U-SORT) is a cognitive test that will be used to measure Veteran participants' organizational skills as they relate to functional capacity. During the administration of the U-SORT, participants are instructed to sort 42 household objects (e.g., bent and unbent paper clips, used and unused condiment packets) from a hypothetical junk drawer into either keep or trash piles. Each item has a correct response and participants are given two minutes to complete the task and one point is awarded for each correctly sorted item, for a total of 42 points (range of 0 to 42). A higher total score indicates a higher level of organizational skills. The U-SORT has high internal consistency (? = .86) and adequate convergent validity. The total U-SORT score will be used in analyses. |
| Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Baseline to 6 months post-treatment | Self-reported functioning (secondary outcome) will be assessed with the Specific Levels of Functioning test (SLOF)78, a 43-item Likert scale questionnaire with higher scores indicating higher levels of functioning. Subscales include interpersonal relationships (score range of 7 to 35), social acceptability (score range of 6 to 30), participation in activities (score range of 11 to 55), and work skills (score range of 6 to 30). Total of 30 items across four categories and each item ranges from the scale of 1-5 (higher values= better outcomes). Category A. Interpersonal Relationships (items 1-7): 5= Highly Typical, 1= Highly Untypical. Category B. Social Acceptability (items 8-13): 5= Never, 1= Always. Category C. Activities (items 14-24): 5= Totally Self Sufficient, 1= No Opportunity to perform. Category D. Work Skills (items 25-30): 5= Highly Typical, 1= Highly Untypical. Total Max Score Range= 30-150).The SLOF has demonstrated excellent reliability and internal consistency. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| CREST CREST: Compensatory Cognitive Training is a manualized, low-tech, cognitive training intervention designed to target cognitive impairments common in people with psychiatric illness. The CCT modules specifically selected for CREST map onto known areas of HD neurocognitive deficits or weakness and include training in prospective memory, prioritizing, problem solving, planning, and cognitive flexibility.
Symptoms of acquiring and saving are themselves avoidance behaviors that are performed to avoid internal distress related to negative thoughts and emotions. Avoidance serves to reduce distress related to the beliefs regarding the necessity and utility of possessions. In the CREST condition, the second part and the majority of treatment is dedicated to exposure therapy (ET) for discarding and not acquiring while in the control condition, the entire treatment will consist of ET. | 59 |
| Exposure Therapy The investigators propose to use a robust control condition, ET, with the same frequency and amount of therapist contact as CREST. Twenty-six weekly, individual ET sessions (6 months) will be delivered. The control group will receive ET for all 26 sessions and no cognitive training. As in CREST, the ET sessions will be manualized and copies utilized during session by both the patient and therapist.
ET: The investigators propose to use a robust control condition, ET, with the same frequency and amount of therapist contact as CREST. Twenty-six weekly, individual ET sessions (6 months) will be delivered. The control group will receive ET for all 26 sessions and no cognitive training. As in CREST, the ET sessions will be manualized and copies utilized during session by both the patient and therapist. | 56 |
| Total | 115 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | deceased preexisting condition | 2 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 13 | 7 |
| Overall Study | loved one illness | 1 | 0 |
| Overall Study | medical illness | 2 | 4 |
| Overall Study | Moved | 2 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Other | 2 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Protocol Violation | 1 | 1 |
| Overall Study | scheduled and timed out | 2 | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | CREST | Total | Exposure Therapy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 60.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.1 | 61.7 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11 | 62.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.7 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 2 Participants | 3 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 1 Participants | 6 Participants | 5 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 8 Participants | 14 Participants | 6 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 3 Participants | 8 Participants | 5 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 3 Participants | 6 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 5 Participants | 6 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 37 Participants | 72 Participants | 35 Participants |
| Saving Inventory | 59.9 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.8 | 57.7 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.4 | 55.3 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.8 |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 26 Participants | 42 Participants | 16 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 33 Participants | 73 Participants | 40 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 2 / 59 | 0 / 56 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 59 | 0 / 56 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 59 | 0 / 56 |
Outcome results
Primary
Saving Inventory Revised
Hoarding symptom severity (primary outcome) will be measured using the Savings Inventory-Revised (SI-R)56, a 23-item self-report measure used to assess common hoarding symptoms. Subscales include clutter, acquisition, and difficulty discarding. The SI-R has demonstrated good internal consistency, divergent validity, concurrent validity, and test-retest reliability in clinical samples with hoarding. The total score will be used for analyses. Total of 23 items divided into 3 subscales, each item Likert scale ranges from 0-4 (0= not at all, 4= extreme), Clutter Subscale (9 items): scores greater than 13 indicate clinical significance (Max score=36), Difficulty Discarding/Saving Subscale (7 items): scores greater than 13 indicate clinical significance, Acquisition Subscale (7 items): scores greater than 15 indicate clinical significance (Max Score= 28). Total Max score = 92. A Total score greater than 40 is a typical score for people experiencing challenges with hoarding behaviors.
Time frame: Baseline to 6 month-follow-up (12 months total)
Population: For SI-R for individual missing responses replace with mean; individuals who missed more than 1/3 of the survey are excluded.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | Post-Treatment SI-R: Clutter Subcategory | 16.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.4 |
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | Timepoint 2 (S13) SI-R: Discarding Subcategory | 14.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.5 |
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | Post-Treatment SI-R: Acquisition Subcategory | 10.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.1 |
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | Timepoint 2 (S13) SI-R: | 47.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 17.7 |
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | Post-Treatment SI-R: Discarding Subcategory | 10.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.4 |
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | Timepoint 3 (S21) SI-R: | 45.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 18.9 |
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | 3 month post-treatment SI-R: | 37.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 21.4 |
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | Baseline SI-R: Clutter Subcategory | 25.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.7 |
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | 3 month post-treatment SI-R: Clutter Subcategory | 16.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.5 |
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | Timepoint 3 (S21) SI-R: Clutter Subcategory | 19.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.3 |
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | 3 month post-treatment SI-R: Acquisition Subcategory | 9.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.5 |
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | Timepoint 2 (S13) SI-R: Clutter Subcategory | 20.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.7 |
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | 3 month post-treatment SI-R: Discarding Subcategory | 11.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.3 |
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | Timepoint 3 (S21) SI-R: Acquisition Subcategory | 11.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.2 |
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | 6 month post-treatment SI-R: | 34.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 18.1 |
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | 6 month post-treatment SI-R: Clutter Subcategory | 15.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.3 |
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | Timepoint 1 (S7) SI-R: Discarding Subcategory | 14.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.2 |
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | 6 month post-treatment SI-R: Acquisition Subcategory | 8.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.2 |
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | Timepoint 3 (S21) SI-R: Discarding Subcategory | 13.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7 |
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | 6 month post-treatment SI-R: Discarding Subcategory | 10.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.7 |
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | Baseline SI-R: | 59.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 15.8 |
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | Baseline SI-R: Discarding Subcategory | 18.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.5 |
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | Timepoint 2 (S13) SI-R: Acquisition Subcategory | 13.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.3 |
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | Post-Treatment SI-R: | 37 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 19.6 |
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | Timepoint 1 (S7) SI-R | 51.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 16.8 |
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | Baseline SI-R: Acquisition Subcategory | 16.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.5 |
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | Timepoint 1 (S7) SI-R: Clutter Subcategory | 22.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.4 |
| CREST | Saving Inventory Revised | Timepoint 1 (S7) SI-R: Acquisition Subcategory | 14.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.8 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | 6 month post-treatment SI-R: Discarding Subcategory | 9.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.8 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | Baseline SI-R: | 55.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 14.8 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | Baseline SI-R: Clutter Subcategory | 23.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.2 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | Timepoint 1 (S7) SI-R: Clutter Subcategory | 21.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | Timepoint 1 (S7) SI-R: Acquisition Subcategory | 12.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.1 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | 6 month post-treatment SI-R: | 28.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 18.9 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | Timepoint 1 (S7) SI-R: Discarding Subcategory | 15.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | Timepoint 2 (S13) SI-R: | 45.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 16.9 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | Timepoint 2 (S13) SI-R: Clutter Subcategory | 19.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.5 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | Timepoint 2 (S13) SI-R: Acquisition Subcategory | 11.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | Timepoint 2 (S13) SI-R: Discarding Subcategory | 14.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.1 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | Timepoint 3 (S21) SI-R: | 41.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 17.3 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | Timepoint 3 (S21) SI-R: Clutter Subcategory | 18.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.6 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | Timepoint 3 (S21) SI-R: Acquisition Subcategory | 9.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.7 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | Timepoint 3 (S21) SI-R: Discarding Subcategory | 13.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.7 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | Post-Treatment SI-R: | 29.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 18.6 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | Post-Treatment SI-R: Clutter Subcategory | 12.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.8 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | Post-Treatment SI-R: Acquisition Subcategory | 7.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.9 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | Post-Treatment SI-R: Discarding Subcategory | 9.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.8 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | 3 month post-treatment SI-R: | 32.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 20.4 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | 3 month post-treatment SI-R: Clutter Subcategory | 14.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.9 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | 3 month post-treatment SI-R: Acquisition Subcategory | 7.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.3 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | 3 month post-treatment SI-R: Discarding Subcategory | 10.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.4 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | 6 month post-treatment SI-R: Clutter Subcategory | 12.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | 6 month post-treatment SI-R: Acquisition Subcategory | 6.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.7 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | Baseline SI-R: Discarding Subcategory | 17.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.1 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | Baseline SI-R: Acquisition Subcategory | 14.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.4 |
| Exposure Therapy | Saving Inventory Revised | Timepoint 1 (S7) SI-R | 50.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 16.4 |
Secondary
Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF)
Self-reported functioning (secondary outcome) will be assessed with the Specific Levels of Functioning test (SLOF)78, a 43-item Likert scale questionnaire with higher scores indicating higher levels of functioning. Subscales include interpersonal relationships (score range of 7 to 35), social acceptability (score range of 6 to 30), participation in activities (score range of 11 to 55), and work skills (score range of 6 to 30). Total of 30 items across four categories and each item ranges from the scale of 1-5 (higher values= better outcomes). Category A. Interpersonal Relationships (items 1-7): 5= Highly Typical, 1= Highly Untypical. Category B. Social Acceptability (items 8-13): 5= Never, 1= Always. Category C. Activities (items 14-24): 5= Totally Self Sufficient, 1= No Opportunity to perform. Category D. Work Skills (items 25-30): 5= Highly Typical, 1= Highly Untypical. Total Max Score Range= 30-150).The SLOF has demonstrated excellent reliability and internal consistency.
Time frame: Baseline to 6 months post-treatment
Population: For SLOF regarding individual missing responses replaced with mean; individuals who missed more than 1/3 of the survey are excluded.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Post-Treatment SLOF Overall | 131.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 15.4 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | 3 month Follow Up Work Skills Subscale | 26.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.9 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 3 (S21) Interpersonal Relationships Subscale | 24.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.7 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | 6 month Follow Up SLOF Overall | 133.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 13.6 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Post-Treatment Interpersonal Relationships Subscale | 25.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.1 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | 6 month Follow Up Interpersonal Relationships Subscale | 25.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 2 (S13) Work Skills Subscale | 25.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.7 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | 6 month Follow Up Social Acceptability Subscale | 27.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.2 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Post-Treatment Social Acceptability Subscale | 28.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | 6 month Follow Up Activities Subscale | 54.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.8 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 3 (S21) Social Acceptability Subscale | 26.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.6 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | 6 month Follow Up Work Skills Subscale | 26.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Post-Treatment Activities Subscale | 51.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.3 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Baseline SLOF Overall | 123.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 12.9 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 2 (S13) Activities Subscale | 52.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.2 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Baseline Interpersonal Relationships Subscale | 25.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.2 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Post-Treatment Work Skills Subscale | 26.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.7 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Baseline Social Acceptability Subscale | 26.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.5 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 3 (S21) Activities Subscale | 51.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.9 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Baseline Activities Subscale | 50.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.8 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | 3 month Follow Up SLOF Overall | 133.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 11.9 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Baseline Work Skills Subscale | 24.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.9 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 3 (S21) SLOF Overall | 128.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 14.5 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 1 (S7) SLOF Overall | 127.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 15.2 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | 3 month Follow Up Interpersonal Relationships Subscale | 25.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.4 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 1 (S7) Interpersonal Relationships Subscale | 23.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.7 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 3 (S21) Work Skills Subscale | 25.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.8 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 1 (S7) Social Acceptability Subscale | 26.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.7 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | 3 month Follow Up Social Acceptability Subscale | 28.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.8 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 1 (S7) Activities Subscale | 52.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.4 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 2 (S13) Social Acceptability Subscale | 27.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.3 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 1 (S7) Work Skills Subscale | 25.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.9 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | 3 month Follow Up Activities Subscale | 53.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.7 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 2 (S13) SLOF Overall | 128.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 14.6 |
| CREST | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 2 (S13) Interpersonal Relationships Subscale | 23.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.4 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 2 (S13) SLOF Overall | 126.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 15 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 2 (S13) Interpersonal Relationships Subscale | 23.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.5 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 2 (S13) Social Acceptability Subscale | 27.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 2 (S13) Activities Subscale | 51.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.3 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 2 (S13) Work Skills Subscale | 23.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.8 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 3 (S21) SLOF Overall | 125.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 14.8 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 3 (S21) Interpersonal Relationships Subscale | 23.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.8 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 3 (S21) Social Acceptability Subscale | 27.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 3 (S21) Activities Subscale | 51.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.2 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 3 (S21) Work Skills Subscale | 23.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.3 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Post-Treatment SLOF Overall | 124.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 15.9 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Post-Treatment Interpersonal Relationships Subscale | 23.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Post-Treatment Social Acceptability Subscale | 27.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.3 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Post-Treatment Activities Subscale | 51.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.3 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Post-Treatment Work Skills Subscale | 22.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.9 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | 3 month Follow Up SLOF Overall | 125.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 16.8 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | 3 month Follow Up Interpersonal Relationships Subscale | 23.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.9 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | 3 month Follow Up Social Acceptability Subscale | 27.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.4 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | 3 month Follow Up Activities Subscale | 51.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.3 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | 3 month Follow Up Work Skills Subscale | 23.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.3 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | 6 month Follow Up SLOF Overall | 124.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 20 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | 6 month Follow Up Interpersonal Relationships Subscale | 24.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.5 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | 6 month Follow Up Social Acceptability Subscale | 27.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.9 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | 6 month Follow Up Activities Subscale | 50.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.5 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | 6 month Follow Up Work Skills Subscale | 23.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Baseline SLOF Overall | 128.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 15 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Baseline Interpersonal Relationships Subscale | 24.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Baseline Social Acceptability Subscale | 26.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.5 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Baseline Activities Subscale | 51.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.7 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Baseline Work Skills Subscale | 25.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.9 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 1 (S7) SLOF Overall | 128.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 13.9 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 1 (S7) Interpersonal Relationships Subscale | 24.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 1 (S7) Social Acceptability Subscale | 27.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 1 (S7) Activities Subscale | 52.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.3 |
| Exposure Therapy | Specific Levels of Functioning Test (SLOF) | Timepoint 1 (S7) Work Skills Subscale | 24.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.2 |
Secondary
UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA)
The University of California San Diego (UCSD) Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA)76 is an assessment of everyday functioning skills including household skills (e.g., writing a shopping list based on a recipe, range 0 to 4), communication (e.g., rescheduling appointments, range 0 to 12), finance (e.g., paying a utility bill, range 0 to 11), comprehension and planning (e.g., planning outings, range 0 to 14), and transportation (e.g., comprehension of a bus schedule, range 0 to 9). The subscales are scored, converted to a percentage, and weighed equally toward the total score of 100; higher score equals better performance for all subscales and total. The UPSA has demonstrated high inter-rater reliability (0.91) and convergent validity with other performance-based measures. The total UPSA summary score will be used for analyses. \*Nearly half of each timepoint was out of 60 due to adjustments for COVID-19, a total of 60 was used with financial, communication, and planning subscales.
Time frame: Baseline to 6 months post-treatment (on average 1 year)
Population: As the study progressed participants may have dropped out/left or refused to complete/answer and questions/tasks associated
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 1 (S7) UPSA: Transportation Subcategory | 15.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.7 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Baseline UPSA: Financial Subcategory | 18.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.5 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Baseline UPSA: Communication Subcategory | 16.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.6 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Baseline UPSA: Comprehension/Planning Subcategory | 14.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.2 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Baseline UPSA: Transportation Subcategory | 16.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.8 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Baseline UPSA: Household Skills Subcategory | 17.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.7 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 1 (S7) UPSA | 50.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.3 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 1 (S7) UPSA: Financial Subcategory | 18.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 1 (S7) UPSA: Communication Subcategory | 15.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 1 (S7) UPSA: Comprehension/Planning Subcategory | 16.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.5 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Baseline UPSA | 49.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.4 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 1 (S7) UPSA: Household Skills Subcategory | 18.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.7 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 2 (S13) UPSA | 52.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 2 (S13) UPSA: Financial Subcategory | 18.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.7 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 2 (S13) UPSA: Communication Subcategory | 16.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.4 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 2 (S13) UPSA: Comprehension/Planning Subcategory | 17.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.2 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 2 (S13) UPSA: Transportation Subcategory | 16.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.5 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 2 (S13) UPSA: Household Skills Subcategory | 17.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 3 (S21) UPSA | 52.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 3 (S21) UPSA: Financial Subcategory | 18.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.7 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 3 (S21) UPSA: Communication Subcategory | 16.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.4 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 3 (S21) UPSA: Comprehension/Planning Subcategory | 17.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.2 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 3 (S21) UPSA: Transportation Subcategory | 16.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.5 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 3 (S21) UPSA: Household Skills Subcategory | 17.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Post Treatment UPSA | 51.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.2 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Post Treatment UPSA: Financial Subcategory | 18.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.4 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Post Treatment UPSA: Communication Subcategory | 16.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Post Treatment UPSA: Comprehension/Planning Subcategory | 17.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.6 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Post Treatment UPSA: Transportation Subcategory | 16.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Post Treatment UPSA: Household Skills Subcategory | 17.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.2 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | 3 month Follow Up UPSA | 54.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.5 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | 3 month Follow Up UPSA: Financial Subcategory | 18.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | 3 month Follow Up UPSA: Communication Subcategory | 16.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.7 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | 3 month Follow Up UPSA: Comprehension/Planning Subcategory | 18.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.9 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | 3 month Follow Up UPSA: Transportation Subcategory | 15.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.5 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | 3 month Follow Up UPSA: Household Skills Subcategory | 15.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.8 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | 6 month Follow Up UPSA: | 52.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.4 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | 6 month Follow Up UPSA: Financial Subcategory | 19.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | 6 month Follow Up UPSA: Communication Subcategory | 15.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.1 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | 6 month Follow Up UPSA: Comprehension/Planning Subcategory | 17.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.3 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | 6 month Follow Up UPSA: Transportation Subcategory | 14.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.5 |
| CREST | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | 6 month Follow Up UPSA: Household Skills Subcategory | 20.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | 3 month Follow Up UPSA: Financial Subcategory | 18.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Baseline UPSA | 49.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.8 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 3 (S21) UPSA: Comprehension/Planning Subcategory | 17.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.2 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Baseline UPSA: Financial Subcategory | 18.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.2 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | 6 month Follow Up UPSA: Comprehension/Planning Subcategory | 17.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Baseline UPSA: Communication Subcategory | 15.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.1 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 3 (S21) UPSA: Transportation Subcategory | 16.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.6 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Baseline UPSA: Comprehension/Planning Subcategory | 15.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.2 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | 3 month Follow Up UPSA: Communication Subcategory | 17.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.8 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Baseline UPSA: Transportation Subcategory | 15.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.8 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 3 (S21) UPSA: Household Skills Subcategory | 17.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.9 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Baseline UPSA: Household Skills Subcategory | 18.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.3 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | 6 month Follow Up UPSA: Financial Subcategory | 18.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 1 (S7) UPSA | 50.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.4 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Post Treatment UPSA | 54.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.2 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 1 (S7) UPSA: Financial Subcategory | 18.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.3 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | 3 month Follow Up UPSA: Comprehension/Planning Subcategory | 18.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.6 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 1 (S7) UPSA: Communication Subcategory | 16.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Post Treatment UPSA: Financial Subcategory | 18.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.7 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 1 (S7) UPSA: Comprehension/Planning Subcategory | 16.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.6 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | 6 month Follow Up UPSA: Household Skills Subcategory | 17.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.1 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 1 (S7) UPSA: Transportation Subcategory | 16.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.9 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Post Treatment UPSA: Communication Subcategory | 17.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.7 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 1 (S7) UPSA: Household Skills Subcategory | 18.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.8 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | 3 month Follow Up UPSA: Transportation Subcategory | 17.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.7 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 2 (S13) UPSA | 52.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.2 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Post Treatment UPSA: Comprehension/Planning Subcategory | 17.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.4 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 2 (S13) UPSA: Financial Subcategory | 1.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.5 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | 6 month Follow Up UPSA: Communication Subcategory | 17.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.7 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 2 (S13) UPSA: Communication Subcategory | 16.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.4 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Post Treatment UPSA: Transportation Subcategory | 17.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.4 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 2 (S13) UPSA: Comprehension/Planning Subcategory | 17.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.2 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | 3 month Follow Up UPSA: Household Skills Subcategory | 16.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.3 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 2 (S13) UPSA: Transportation Subcategory | 16.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.6 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Post Treatment UPSA: Household Skills Subcategory | 18.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.4 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 2 (S13) UPSA: Household Skills Subcategory | 17.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.9 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | 6 month Follow Up UPSA: Transportation Subcategory | 18.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.3 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 3 (S21) UPSA | 52.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.2 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | 3 month Follow Up UPSA | 54.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.3 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 3 (S21) UPSA: Financial Subcategory | 18.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.5 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | 6 month Follow Up UPSA: | 53.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) | Timepoint 3 (S21) UPSA: Communication Subcategory | 16.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.4 |
Secondary
UCSD SORT Test
The UCSD SORT Test (U-SORT) is a cognitive test that will be used to measure Veteran participants' organizational skills as they relate to functional capacity. During the administration of the U-SORT, participants are instructed to sort 42 household objects (e.g., bent and unbent paper clips, used and unused condiment packets) from a hypothetical junk drawer into either keep or trash piles. Each item has a correct response and participants are given two minutes to complete the task and one point is awarded for each correctly sorted item, for a total of 42 points (range of 0 to 42). A higher total score indicates a higher level of organizational skills. The U-SORT has high internal consistency (? = .86) and adequate convergent validity. The total U-SORT score will be used in analyses.
Time frame: Baseline to 6 months post-treatment
Population: As the study progressed participants may have dropped out/left or refused to complete/answer and questions/tasks associated
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CREST | UCSD SORT Test | Timepoint 2 (S13) USORT | 34.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.1 |
| CREST | UCSD SORT Test | Post-Treatment USORT | 34.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.4 |
| CREST | UCSD SORT Test | Timepoint 1 (S7) USORT | 32.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5 |
| CREST | UCSD SORT Test | 3 month Post-Treatment USORT | 36.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4 |
| CREST | UCSD SORT Test | Timepoint 3 (S21) USORT | 33.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.1 |
| CREST | UCSD SORT Test | 6 month Post-Treatment USORT | 35.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.9 |
| CREST | UCSD SORT Test | Baseline USORT | 33.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.9 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD SORT Test | 6 month Post-Treatment USORT | 34.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.2 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD SORT Test | Baseline USORT | 31.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.7 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD SORT Test | Timepoint 1 (S7) USORT | 32.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.3 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD SORT Test | Timepoint 2 (S13) USORT | 34.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.2 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD SORT Test | Timepoint 3 (S21) USORT | 32.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.4 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD SORT Test | Post-Treatment USORT | 32.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.2 |
| Exposure Therapy | UCSD SORT Test | 3 month Post-Treatment USORT | 31.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.9 |