Supported Employment in Patient Aligned Care Teams

Participants were categorized as a steady worker if they held a competitive job for 50% or more of the 12-month follow-up (i.e. 26 or more weeks out of 52 weeks).

Time frame: 12 months

Population: 119 randomized Veterans who were followed in a primary care Patient Aligned Care Team, who had a diagnosis of at least one mental disorder, and were unemployed or under-employed.

All income earned from competitive, transitional work, and other sources over the 12-month follow-up.

Time frame: 12 months

Population: 119 randomized Veterans who were followed in a primary care Patient Aligned Care Team, who had a diagnosis of at least one mental disorder, and were unemployed or under-employed.

For those participants, the income earned from any competitive jobs was added for the 52-week follow-up period.

Time frame: 12 months

Population: Randomized participants

Income earned ($) from competitive jobs over 12 months was compared between groups for all randomized participants who held a competitive job at some point.

Time frame: 12 months

Population: All randomized participants who held a competitive job during the 12-month follow-up

Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) is a 10-item self-report Likert-type questionnaire that asks participants to indicate the degree of their agreement or disagreement with statements about their self-esteem and self-depreciation from 0 = strongly agree to 3 = strongly disagree. The items are summed and the scoring ranges from 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating a higher degree of self-esteem; a positive change in score over time indicates improved self esteem. A score less than 15 may indicate low self esteem.

Time frame: Change from baseline to month 12 (value at 12 months minus value at baseline) is shown below. Additionally, all relevant time points used in the calculation timeframe from baseline to 12 months (baseline, months 4, 6, 8, 12) were included in mixed model.

Population: 119 randomized Veterans who were followed in a primary care Patient Aligned Care Team, who had a diagnosis of at least one mental disorder, and were unemployed or under-employed.

Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R): 90-item self-report survey; assesses nine dimensions. Each item is self-rated for level of discomfort/distress on scale of 0 not at all to 4 extremely for somatization (range 0 to 48), obsessive-compulsive symptoms (range 0 to 40), interpersonal sensitivity (range 0 to 36), depression (range 0 to 52), anxiety (range 0 to 40), hostility (range 0 to 24), phobic-anxiety (range 0 to 28), paranoid ideation (range 0 to 24), and psychoticism (range 0 to 40). Total score for a dimension is the sum of items and the distress score for each dimension is the sum divided by number of items in that dimension (range = 0 to 4). Global Severity Index is a mean of all items, calculated by dividing the sum of scores by the number of items (range 0 to 4). Higher score indicates greater distress and increase in score over time indicates worse outcome.

Time frame: Change from baseline to month 12 (value at 12 months minus value at baseline) is shown below. Additionally, all relevant time points used in the calculation timeframe from baseline to 12 months (baseline, months 4, 6, 8, and 12) included in analysis.

Population: 119 randomized Veterans who were followed in a primary care Patient Aligned Care Team, who had a diagnosis of at least one mental disorder, and were unemployed or under-employed.

The number of weeks from randomization until the participant worked in a competitive job.

Time frame: 12 months

Population: 119 randomized Veterans who were followed in a primary care Patient Aligned Care Team, who had a diagnosis of at least one mental disorder, and were unemployed or under-employed.

Number of weeks out of 52 week follow-up in which the participant worked at least one hour in a competitive job.

Time frame: 12 months

Population: 119 randomized Veterans who were followed in a primary care Patient Aligned Care Team, who had a diagnosis of at least one mental disorder, and were unemployed or under-employed.

Community Reintegration of Service Members (CRIS) is a self-report instrument used to evaluate the Veteran's reintegration into the community. The correlations between the CRIS and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey scales of role physical, role emotional, and social functioning were 0.44-0.80 and the CRIS has strong reliability, conceptual integrity, and construct validity. In pilot studies with 126 veterans, working subjects had better CRIS scores then unemployed subjects. Items on the CRIS cover 9 aspects of participation: Learning and Applying Knowledge, General Tasks and Demands, Communication, Mobility, Self-care, Domestic Life, Interpersonal Relationships, Major Life Areas, and Community, Social and Civic Life. Subscale scores for 1) extent of participation, 2) perceived limitations, and 3) satisfaction with participation are calculated. For each of the 3 subscales, the minimum score is 10, the maximum score is 70. Higher scores are indication of better outcomes.

Time frame: 12 months

Population: All subjects randomized; intent-to-treat analysis

Participant held a full-time competitive job during the 12-month follow-up. Full time was defined as working at least 30 hours per week.

Time frame: 12 months

Population: 119 randomized Veterans who were followed in a primary care Patient Aligned Care Team, who had a diagnosis of at least one mental disorder, and were unemployed or under-employed.

The number of weeks in which the participant was engaged in a transitional work assignment in the treatment as usual arm was subtracted from the 52 week follow-up and used as denominator in deriving the proportion of weeks worked in a competitive job. The IPS group did not engage in transitional work, so 52 weeks was the denominator in deriving the proportion of weeks worked in a competitive job.

Time frame: 12 months

Population: 119 randomized Veterans who were followed in a primary care Patient Aligned Care Team, who had a diagnosis of at least one mental disorder, and were unemployed or under-employed.