HIV, Acute HIV Infection
Conditions
Keywords
Dolutegravir, Abacavir, Lamivudine, acute HIV infection, human leukocyte antigen, latent HIV reservoir, integrase-based regimen, viremia, antiretroviral therapy, fixed dose combination
Brief summary
This is a multicenter, single arm, 96-week open-label study of the safety and virologic efficacy of fixed dose combination Dolutegravir/Lamivudine/Abacavir (DTG/3TC/ABC FDC) initiated during acute HIV infection (AHI).
Detailed description
The study will be conducted at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, NC and Duke University in Durham, NC. The investigators plan to enroll up to 44 participants who will be enrolled for 96 weeks and will receive DTG/3TC/ABC FDC. The investigators propose to evaluate the efficacy and time to viral suppression with DTG/3TC/ABC FDC as initial therapy for acute HIV infection (AHI), as well as the feasibility of prompt administration using a rapid human leukocyte antigen-B57 (HLA-B57) screening antibody assay. In addition to validating the restriction of resting cell infection (RCI) by antiretroviral therapy (ART) including a DTG-based regimen initiated during AHI, the investigators will seek correlations between low RCI, residual gastrointestinal associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) HIV expression, and measures of immune activation. The investigators hypothesize that rapid reduction in plasma viremia with this regimen will limit the area under the pre-ART viral load curve, and thus reduce the latent reservoir size as measured by a viral outgrowth assay one to two years following ART start, and as compared with the latent reservoir size in acutely infected individuals started on regimens without an integrase inhibitor based regimen. In addition, the investigators will examine the longitudinal impact of the proposed integrase-based regimen initiated during the acute period on immune activation through week 96. If residual viral expression and persistent immune dysfunction is related to the burden of the latent viral reservoir (and presumably its periodic activation) these abnormalities should be ameliorated by early ART with rapid viral suppression. The investigators hypothesize that earlier treatment coupled with more rapid ART-mediated virus suppression will be associated with better long-term T cell function, specifically better T cell function after 2 years of durable HIV suppression.
Interventions
Sponsors
ViiV Healthcare
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Documentation of Acute HIV infection at or within 30 days of study entry. 2. Men and women age ≥18 years. 3. ART naive, defined as ≤14 days of antiretroviral treatment at any time prior to entry. The only exceptions are: * Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and documented as HIV-1 negative at least 1 month prior to AHI diagnosis during PrEP, and * Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) provided the participant was documented as HIV-1 negative at least 3-6 months following completion of PEP treatment. 4. Lab values obtained within 30 days prior to study entry: * Absolute neutrophil count \>500/mm\^3 * Hemoglobin \> 8.5 g/dL for men and \> 8.0 g/dL for women * Platelet count \>50,000/mm\^3 * Lipase ≤ 3 X upper limit of normal (ULN), single repeat test is allowed to determine eligibility * Calculated creatinine clearance (CrCl, Cockcroft-Gault formula) ≥ 50 mL/min: CrCl = (140-age) x body weight (kg) (x 0.85 if female) Serum creatinine \[mg/dL\] x (72) 5. Testing for HBsAg is pending. Note: Participants who test positive for HBsAg will be terminated from the study prior to starting study treatment. 6. Testing for HLA-B57 and/or HLA-B\*5701 is pending. Note: Participants who test positive for HLA-B\*5701 will be terminated from the study prior to starting study treatment. 7. A female is eligible to enter and participate in the study if she: * Is of non-childbearing potential defined as either post-menopausal (12 months of spontaneous amenorrhea and ≥ 45 years of age) or physically incapable of becoming pregnant with documented tubal ligation, hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or, * Is of child-bearing potential, with a negative pregnancy test at screening and at enrollment, who agrees to use one of the methods of contraception listed below. * Complete abstinence from intercourse from 2 weeks prior to administration of study medication, throughout the study, and for at least 2 weeks after discontinuation of all study medication; * Double barrier method (male condom/spermicide, male condom/diaphragm, diaphragm/spermicide); * Approved hormonal contraception - used alone is not considered a sufficient form of contraception for the study see Protocol Appendix 1 for a listing of examples of approved hormonal contraception; * Any intrauterine device (IUD) with published data showing that the expected failure rate is \<1% per year; see Protocol Appendix 2 for a listing of IUDs meeting this criterion; * Male partner sterilization confirmed prior to the female participant's entry into the study, and this male is the sole partner for that patient; * Any other method with published data showing that the expected failure rate is \<1% per year. * Any contraception method must be used consistently, in accordance with the approved product label and for at least 2 weeks after discontinuation of the study medication. 8. Females who meet the post-menopausal definition, noted in inclusion criterion 7, will have a follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) test to verify menopause, 9. Ability and willingness of participant to give written informed consent.
Exclusion criteria
1. Alanine Transaminase (ALT) ≥ 5 times Upper Limit of Normal (≥5xULN) 2. Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) ≥ 3x ULN 3. Bilirubin ≥1.5x ULN (with \>35% direct bilirubin) 4. Weight \<40 kg 5. Women who are breast-feeding. 6. Women with a positive pregnancy test on enrollment or prior to study drug administration. 7. Women and men of child bearing potential unwilling to agree to use an effective methods of contraception required by the study. 8. History or presence of allergy to the study drugs or their components. 9. Requires or is anticipated to require any of the prohibited concomitant therapy: barbiturates, dofetilide, fampridine (dalfampridine), modafinil, oxcarbazepine, pioglitazone, pilsicainide, pimozide, rifampin, rifapentine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and St. John's wort. * Dofetilide, fampridine, and pilsicainide are prohibited, as DTG may inhibit its renal tubular secretion resulting in increased dofetilide concentrations and potential for toxicity. 10. Unable to discontinue any current medications that are excluded during study treatment. 11. Use of immunomodulators (e.g., interleukins, interferons, cyclosporine), radiation therapy, HIV vaccine, systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy, or investigational therapy within 30 days prior to study entry. * Prednisone at a daily dose of 10 mg or less (physiologic replacement dose) is permitted. 12. Treatment with radiation therapy or cytotoxic chemotherapeutics agents within 28 days prior to screening or has an anticipated need for these agents during the study. 13. Administration of an HIV-1 immunotherapeutic vaccine within 90 days prior to screening. 14. Prior treatment with any other experimental drug for any indication (within 30 days of initiating study treatment). 15. Difficulty swallowing capsules/tablets. 16. Inability to communicate effectively with study personnel. 17. Incarceration; prisoner recruitment and participation are not permitted. 18. Active drug or alcohol use or dependence that, in the opinion of the site investigator, would interfere with adherence to study requirements or confound the analysis of study endpoints. 19. Any condition (including but not limited to alcohol and drug use) or any active clinically significant disease or findings during screening of medical history or physical examination, which, in the opinion of the Investigator would interfere with patient safety or compliance. 20. Serious illness requiring systemic treatment and/or hospitalization until patient either completes therapy or is clinically stable on therapy, in the opinion of the site investigator, for at least 7 days prior to study entry. Note: Oral candidiasis, vaginal candidiasis, mucocutaneous herpes simplex, and other minor illnesses (as judged by the site investigator) have no restriction. 21. A life expectancy less than twelve months. 22. Acute viral hepatitis, including, but not limited to, hepatitis A, B, or C. 23. History of myocardial infarction or diagnosis of coronary artery disease. 24. History of ongoing or clinically relevant pancreatitis within the previous 6 months. 25. Chronic hepatitis C infection with an anticipated need for treatment during the study period (through week 96). 26. Chronic hepatitis B infection (see inclusion criterion 5). 27. Evidence for moderate to severe hepatic impairment (as defined by the presence of cirrhosis, ascites, encephalopathy, coagulopathy, hypoalbuminemia, esophageal or gastric varices, persistent jaundice or Child-Pugh class B or greater hepatic impairment). 28. Evidence of biliary abnormalities (with the exception of Gilbert's syndrome or asymptomatic gallstones). 29. Any verified grade 4 laboratory abnormality with exception of ALT as defined in exclusion criterion 1
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With Viral Load Measurement <200 Copies/mL at Week 24 | Week 24 | Total number of participants on study at Week 24 with an HIV-1 RNA level less than 200 copies/mL |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With Grade 3 or Higher Adverse Event (AE) | Baseline through Week 96 | Sign/symptom, lab toxicity, or clinical events, or Grade 3 or higher AE that is definitely, probably, or possibly related to study treatment |
| Proportion of Treated Participants With HIV-1 RNA to <50 Copies/mL at Week 48 | Week 48 | Proportion of participants completing Week 48 with an HIV-1 RNA level less than 50 copies/mL |
| Median Change HIV-1 RNA Level Among Participants Completing Week 24 Visit | Baseline, Week 24 | — |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| DTG/3TC/ABC FDC Dolutegravir (DTG 50 mg), abacavir sulfate (ABC 600 mg) and lamivudine (3TC 300 mg) formulated in a single tablet fixed dose combination (FDC) (DTG/ABC/3TC, GSK2619619), administered orally, once daily initiated during acute HIV infection. | 37 |
| Total | 37 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 3 |
| Overall Study | Physician Decision | 4 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 3 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | DTG/3TC/ABC FDC |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 26 years |
| Baseline CD4 Count | 478 cells/mm^3 |
| Baseline HIV-1 RNA PCR Level | 382000 copies/mL |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 6 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 31 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 24 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 13 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 37 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 1 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 36 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 37 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 21 / 37 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 5 / 37 |
Outcome results
Primary
Number of Participants With Viral Load Measurement <200 Copies/mL at Week 24
Total number of participants on study at Week 24 with an HIV-1 RNA level less than 200 copies/mL
Time frame: Week 24
Population: Excludes 3 participants who terminated prior to Week 24
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| DTG/3TC/ABC FDC | Number of Participants With Viral Load Measurement <200 Copies/mL at Week 24 | 34 Participants |
Secondary
Median Change HIV-1 RNA Level Among Participants Completing Week 24 Visit
Time frame: Baseline, Week 24
Population: Excludes 3 participants who terminated prior to Week 24
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| DTG/3TC/ABC FDC | Median Change HIV-1 RNA Level Among Participants Completing Week 24 Visit | -590211 copies/mL |
Secondary
Number of Participants With Grade 3 or Higher Adverse Event (AE)
Sign/symptom, lab toxicity, or clinical events, or Grade 3 or higher AE that is definitely, probably, or possibly related to study treatment
Time frame: Baseline through Week 96
Population: Two participants had data collected outside of Week 96 window
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| DTG/3TC/ABC FDC | Number of Participants With Grade 3 or Higher Adverse Event (AE) | 1 Participants |
Secondary
Proportion of Treated Participants With HIV-1 RNA to <50 Copies/mL at Week 48
Proportion of participants completing Week 48 with an HIV-1 RNA level less than 50 copies/mL
Time frame: Week 48
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| DTG/3TC/ABC FDC | Proportion of Treated Participants With HIV-1 RNA to <50 Copies/mL at Week 48 | 0.88 proportion of participants |