Feeding Behaviors
Conditions
Brief summary
This study tests the effect of serving larger portions of all foods in a meal on the outcome of food and energy intake. Using a crossover design, participants are served the meal once a week for four weeks and the portion sizes are varied at each meal. Some of the foods served at the meal are low in calorie density (calories per gram) and some are higher in calorie density. The aim is to determine whether intake in response to larger portions differs depending on characteristics of the subjects or of the foods.
Interventions
OTHERFood portion size
Sponsors
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Penn State University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
20 Years to 45 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Body mass index of 18 to 40 kg/square meter * Regularly eat three meals per day * Willing to eat foods served at test meals
Exclusion criteria
* Food allergies or restrictions * Dieting to gain or lose weight * Taking medications known to affect appetite * Smoker * Athlete in training * Currently pregnant or breast-feeding * Questionnaire score indicative of depression * Questionnaire score indicative of disordered eating attitudes
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Differences in meal food intake | Weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4 | Differences in weight of food consumed (grams) at the meals |
| Differences in meal energy intake | Weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4 | Differences in energy of food consumed (kilocalories) at the meals |
| Differences in meal energy density | Weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4 | Differences in energy density of food consumed (kilocalories per gram) at the meal |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Differences in hunger and satiety | Weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4 | Differences in ratings of hunger and satiety either before or after the meal, as assessed by 100-mm visual analog scales (mm) |
| Differences in ratings of food properties | Weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4 | Differences in ratings of food properties (such as taste or healthfulness) as assessed either by 100-mm visual analog scales (mm) or ranking (rank order) |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed