Colon Adenocarcinoma, Rectal Adenocarcinoma, Stage III Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7, Stage IIIA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7, Stage IIIB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7, Stage IIIC Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7, Stage IV Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7, Stage IVA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7, Stage IVB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7
Conditions
Brief summary
This randomized phase II trial studies how well lower-dose compared to standard dose regorafenib works in treating patients with colorectal cancer that has spread from the primary site (place where it started) to other places in the body and does not respond to treatment. Regorafenib may stop the growth of colorectal cancer by blocking the growth of new blood vessels necessary for tumor growth and by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. It is not yet known whether lower-dose or standard dose regorafenib is more effective in treating patients with colorectal cancer. Clobetasol propionate is a steroid cream that is commonly used to treat a variety of skin conditions and may help prevent hand-foot skin reactions in patients receiving regorafenib.
Detailed description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. Evaluate the proportion of patients who complete 2 cycles of protocol treatment and initiate cycle 3 in arm A (pooled arm A1 and A2) and arm B (pooled arm B1 and B2). SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. Evaluate outcome measures for efficacy in each arm including progression-free survival (PFS), time to progression (TTP), and overall survival (OS). II. Compare between arms the cumulative dose and dose intensity received within the first two cycles. III. Evaluate the proportion of patients in each arm that exhibit grade 3 palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (PPES) and/or fatigue, and make comparisons between regorafenib dosing strategies and pre-emptive versus (vs.) reactive strategies to address PPES. IV. Compare quality of life (QOL) between treatment arms (regorafenib dosing strategies and preemptive vs. reactive PPES strategies) as measured by the Hand and Foot Syndrome (HFS)14, Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), and Linear Analogue Self-Assessment (LASA) questionnaires. TERTIARY OBJECTIVES: I. Evaluate and compare trough minimum concentration (Cmin) pharmacokinetics (PK) during the first 2 treatment cycles for regorafenib and active metabolites M2, M5 between the low dose (dose escalation) and the standard dose cohorts, and correlate with toxicity profile. II. Evaluate the correlation between PK parameters and tumor response/stable disease after the first two cycles. III. Evaluate the correlation between PK parameters and PFS and OS. IV. Evaluate if trough (Cmin) concentrations are associated with patient-specific factors (such as ? but not limited to ? age and concomitant medications). OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 4 treatment arms. ARM A1: Patients receive lower-dose regorafenib PO once daily (QD) on days 1-21 and pre-emptive clobetasol propionate given topically twice daily (BID) for 12 weeks, beginning on day 1 of regorafenib. ARM A2: Patients receive lower-dose regorafenib PO as in Arm A1 and reactive clobetasol propionate given topically BID beginning on day 1 per physician discretion upon occurrence of PPES grade \>= 1. ARM B1: Patients receive standard dose regorafenib PO QD on days 1-21 and pre-emptive clobetasol propionate as in Arm A1. ARM B2: Patients receive standard dose regorafenib PO as in Arm B1 and reactive clobetasol propionate as in Arm A2. In all arms, courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up for 2-6 months.
Interventions
Given topically
OTHERPharmacological Study
Correlative studies
OTHERQuality-of-Life Assessment
Ancillary studies
DRUGRegorafenib
Given PO
Sponsors
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Academic and Community Cancer Research United
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Histological or cytological documentation of adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum * Advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer with no curative options available and progression on previous standard therapy, including an EGFR inhibitor if KRAS wild-type * Measurable or non-measurable disease * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) 0 or 1 * Life expectancy of \>= 3 months * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \> 1500/mm\^3 (obtained =\< 7 days prior to randomization) * Platelet count \> 100,000/mm\^3 (obtained =\< 7 days prior to randomization) * Hemoglobin \> 9.0 g/dL (obtained =\< 7 days prior to randomization) * Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) (obtained =\< 7 days prior to randomization) * Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate amino-transferase (AST) =\< 2.5 x ULN (=\< 5 x ULN for subjects with liver involvement of their cancer) (obtained =\< 7 days prior to randomization) * Serum creatinine =\< 1.5 x ULN (obtained =\< 7 days prior to randomization) * International normalized ratio (INR)/partial thromboplastin time (PTT) =\< 1.5 x ULN (obtained =\< 7 days prior to randomization) * NOTE: patients who are therapeutically treated with an agent such as warfarin or heparin will be allowed to participate provided that no prior evidence of underlying abnormality in coagulation parameters exists; close monitoring of at least weekly evaluations will be performed until INR/PTT is stable based on a measurement that is pre-dose as defined by the local standard of care * Alkaline phosphatase limit =\< 2.5 x ULN (=\< 5 x ULN for patients with liver involvement of their cancer) (obtained =\< 7 days prior to randomization) * Negative serum pregnancy test done =\< 7 days prior to randomization, for women of childbearing potential only; note: post-menopausal women (defined as no menses for at least 1 year) and surgically sterilized women are not required to undergo a pregnancy test; the definition of adequate contraception will be based on the judgment of the investigator * Ability to complete questionnaire(s) by themselves or with assistance * Provide informed written consent * Willing to return to enrolling institution for follow-up (during the active monitoring phase of the study) * Willing to provide blood samples for correlative research and banking purposes
Exclusion criteria
* Prior treatment with regorafenib * Major surgical procedure, open biopsy, or significant traumatic injury =\< 28 days prior to randomization * Congestive heart failure \> New York Heart Association (NYHA) class 2 * Unstable angina (angina symptoms at rest), new-onset angina (begun within the last 3 months) or myocardial infarction less than 6 months prior to randomization * Cardiac arrhythmias requiring anti-arrhythmic therapy; Note: pace makers, beta blockers, or digoxin are permitted * Uncontrolled hypertension; (systolic blood pressure \> 140 mmHg or diastolic pressure \> 90 mmHg despite optimal medical management) * History of or current pheochromocytoma * Arterial or venous thrombotic or embolic events such as cerebrovascular accident (including transient ischemic attacks), deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism =\< 6 months prior to randomization * Ongoing infection \> grade 2 National Cancer Institute (NCI)-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0 * Known history of chronic hepatitis B or C * Patients with seizure disorder requiring medication * Symptomatic metastatic brain or meningeal tumors unless the patient is \> 6 months from definitive therapy, has a negative imaging study within 4 weeks of randomization and is clinically stable with respect to the tumor at the time of randomization; note: patient must not be undergoing acute steroid therapy or taper (chronic steroid therapy is acceptable provided that the dose is stable for one month prior to and following screening radiographic studies) * History of organ allograft (including corneal transplant) * Evidence or history of bleeding diathesis or any hemorrhage or bleeding event \> CTCAE grade 3 =\< 4 weeks prior to randomization * Non-healing wound, ulcer, or bone fracture * Renal failure requiring hematological (hemo-) or peritoneal dialysis * Dehydration CTCAE (version 4.0) grade \>= 1 * Substance abuse, medical, psychological or social conditions that may interfere with the patient?s participation in the study or evaluation of the study results * Known hypersensitivity to any of the study drugs, study drug classes, or excipients in the formulation * Interstitial lung disease with ongoing signs and symptoms at the time of informed consent * Persistent proteinuria of Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC) grade 3 or higher (\>= 3.5 g/24 hours \[hrs\]) * Patients unable to swallow oral medications * Any malabsorption condition * Unresolved toxicity greater than CTCAE (version 4.0) grade 1 attributed to any prior therapy/procedure excluding alopecia and oxaliplatin induced neurotoxicity =\< grade 2 * Albumin levels \< 2.5 g/dl * Any of the following: * Pregnant women * Nursing women * Men or women of childbearing potential who are unwilling to employ adequate contraception * NOTE: men and women of childbearing potential must agree to use adequate contraception beginning at the signing of the informed consent form (ICF) until at least 3 months after the last dose of study drug; the definition of adequate contraception will be based on the judgment of the principal investigator or a designated associate * Co-morbid systemic illnesses or other severe concurrent disease which, in the judgment of the investigator, would make the patient inappropriate for entry into this study or interfere significantly with the proper assessment of safety and toxicity of the prescribed regimens * Immunocompromised patients and patients known to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive and currently receiving antiretroviral therapy; NOTE: patients known to be HIV positive, but without clinical evidence of an immunocompromised state, are eligible for this trial * Receiving any other investigational agent which would be considered as a treatment for the primary neoplasm * Previous or concurrent cancer that is distinct in primary site or histology from colorectal cancer within 3 years prior to randomization EXCEPT for curatively treated cervical cancer in situ, non-melanoma skin cancer and superficial bladder tumors (Ta \[non-invasive tumor\], Tis \[carcinoma in situ\] and T1 \[tumor invades lamina propria\]); note: all cancer treatments for cancers that were distinct in a primary site other than colorectal must be completed at least 3 years prior to randomization (i.e., signature date of the informed consent form) * Pleural effusion or ascites that causes respiratory compromise (\>= CTCAE version 4.0 grade 2 dyspnea) * Concurrent anti-cancer therapy =\< 4 weeks from registration (chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, immunotherapy, biologic therapy, or tumor embolization) * Current use of clobetasol propionate * Use of any herbal remedy (e.g. St. John?s wort \[Hypericum perforatum\]) * Patients unable to ambulate or who have amputations or paralysis of any extremity * History of contact dermatitis to clobetasol propionate or similarly fluorinated steroids or other steroids with the propionate ester
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Proportion of Patients in Each Arm Who Complete 2 Cycles of Protocol Treatment and Initiate Cycle 3 | At 8 weeks | Fisher exact test will be used to detect a difference course 3 between arms (starting low dose \[pooled arm A1 and A2\] versus \[vs.\] standard dose \[pooled arm B1 and B2\]). The proportion of patients who complete 2 courses of protocol treatment and initiate course 3 will be computed by arm with its 95% confidence interval using exact method. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Survival (OS) | Time from randomization to death due to any cause, assessed up to 2 years | OS is defined as the time from randomization to death due to any cause and will be estimated with Kaplan-Meier survival curves and differences between regorafenib arms (A vs. B) tested using log-rank tests, though these analyses are not powered for formal non-inferiority assessments. |
| Progression Free Survival (PFS) | Time from randomization to the earlier of disease progression or death due to any cause, where progressed disease (PD) is defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1, assessed up to 2 years | PFS is defined as the time from randomization to the earlier of disease progression or death due to any cause, where progressed disease (PD) is defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 and will be estimated with Kaplan-Meier survival curves and differences between regorafenib arms (A vs. B) tested using log-rank tests, though these analyses are not powered for formal non-inferiority assessments. |
| Time to Progression (TTP) | Time from randomization to disease progression, where PD is defined by RECIST 1.1, assessed up to 2 years | TTP is defined as the time from randomization to disease progression, where PD is defined by RECIST 1.1 and will be estimated with Kaplan-Meier survival curves and differences between regorafenib arms (A vs. B) tested using log-rank tests, though these analyses are not powered for formal non-inferiority assessments. |
| Cumulative (Total) Dose of Regorafenib Received by Patients in the First Two Cycles | Up to 8 weeks | Will be summarized with descriptive statistics and compared between regorafenib arms (A vs. B). |
| Dose Intensity of Regorafenib Received by Patients in the First Two Cycles as Measured by the Percentage of Planned Dose Received | Up to 8 weeks | Dose intensity of regorafenib received by patients in the first two cycles as measured by the percentage (%) of planned dose received |
| Proportion of Patients Overall and Within Each Arm Experiencing Grade 3 or 4 Hand and Foot Syndrome (HFS) | 2 years | Will be computed with 95% confidence intervals. |
| Quality of Life (QOL) (According to the HFS14 Total Score) | 8 weeks | Patients will be descriptively compared between treatment arms and between HFS treatment strategies (pre-emptive vs. reactive) according to self-reported outcomes given on the HFS14 questionnaire. Results from the course 1 and 2 HSF14 questionnaires will also be summarized descriptively as they relate to the pre-emptive versus reactive palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (PPES) strategies. Total HFS-14 score was calculated by summing the scores of all items and adjusting to 100 by applying a rule of three. Total scores have a range of 2-100, with the higher the score, the greater the QoL impairment. |
| Changes in QOL (According to the Linear Analogue Self-Assessment [LASA] Questionnaire) | Baseline to 8 weeks | Changes in QOL (according to the LASA questionnaire as measured by the overall QOL question) from baseline will be compared between the treatment arms using the Kruskal-Wallis test. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetics (PK) Parameters of Regorafenib Using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry | Baseline, prior to treatment, days 7, 14, and 21 prior to treatment (course 1), and days 1 and 21 prior to treatment (course 2) | After quantitation, the average trough concentration, calculated from all available data, will be calculated. This average trough concentration will be correlated with toxicity and efficacy endpoints. Further descriptive characteristics of the pharmacokinetics will also be calculated, an example includes (but is not limited to) within-patient variability in the trough concentrations pharmacokinetic parameters will also be calculated, both overall and within courses, as a ratio of the maximum:minimum value. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Arm A1 (Regorafenib Dose Escalation + Pre-emptive Strategy) In the regorafenib dose escalation group, the starting dose of regorafenib was 80 mg/day in week 1, 120 mg/day in week 2, and 160 mg/day in week 3 for cycle 1. Weekly incremental dose-escalation occurred if no significant drug-related toxicities (SDRTs) were observed. In cycle 2, patients received the highest tolerated dose from cycle 1. Patients also received prophylactic 0.05% clobetasol cream twice daily applied to palms and soles starting at cycle 1 day 1 for prevention of HFSR (pre-emptive strategy). | 28 |
| Arm A2 (Regorafenib Dose Escalation + Reactive Strategy) In the regorafenib dose escalation group, the starting dose of regorafenib was 80 mg/day in week 1, 120 mg/day in week 2, and 160 mg/day in week 3 for cycle 1. Weekly incremental dose-escalation occurred if no significant drug-related toxicities (SDRTs) were observed. In cycle 2, patients received the highest tolerated dose from cycle 1. Patients also had the clobetasol cream applied when HFSR developed (reactive strategy). | 26 |
| Arm B1 (Regorafenib Standard Dose + Pre-emptive Strategy) In the regorafenib standard dose group, the regorafenib dose schedule of 160 mg/day started on day 1 and continued for 21 every 28 days. The dose of 160 mg as the standard dose was used since it is the approved and most commonly used dose/schedule in clinical practice based on the results of randomized trials.Patients also received prophylactic 0.05% clobetasol cream twice daily applied to palms and soles starting at cycle 1 day 1 for prevention of HFSR (pre-emptive strategy). | 33 |
| Arm B2 (Regorafenib Standard Dose + Reactive Strategy) In the regorafenib standard dose group, the regorafenib dose schedule of 160 mg/day started on day 1 and continued for 21 every 28 days. The dose of 160 mg as the standard dose was used since it is the approved and most commonly used dose/schedule in clinical practice based on the results of randomized trials. Patients also had the clobetasol cream applied when HFSR developed (reactive strategy). | 29 |
| Total | 116 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 | FG002 | FG003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Cancel | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Overall Study | Ineligible | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Arm A2 (Regorafenib Dose Escalation + Reactive Strategy) | Arm A1 (Regorafenib Dose Escalation + Pre-emptive Strategy) | Arm B1 (Regorafenib Standard Dose + Pre-emptive Strategy) | Arm B2 (Regorafenib Standard Dose + Reactive Strategy) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 57 years | 65 years | 61 years | 62 years | 61 years |
| ECOG Performance Status 0 | 11 Participants | 9 Participants | 15 Participants | 8 Participants | 43 Participants |
| ECOG Performance Status 1 | 15 Participants | 19 Participants | 18 Participants | 21 Participants | 73 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 5 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 4 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 4 Participants | 9 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 19 Participants | 25 Participants | 31 Participants | 24 Participants | 99 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 26 Participants | 28 Participants | 33 Participants | 29 Participants | 116 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 9 Participants | 9 Participants | 17 Participants | 10 Participants | 45 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 17 Participants | 19 Participants | 16 Participants | 19 Participants | 71 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 28 | 3 / 26 | 3 / 33 | 2 / 30 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 28 / 28 | 24 / 26 | 31 / 33 | 30 / 30 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 4 / 28 | 10 / 26 | 10 / 33 | 10 / 30 |
Outcome results
Primary
Proportion of Patients in Each Arm Who Complete 2 Cycles of Protocol Treatment and Initiate Cycle 3
Fisher exact test will be used to detect a difference course 3 between arms (starting low dose \[pooled arm A1 and A2\] versus \[vs.\] standard dose \[pooled arm B1 and B2\]). The proportion of patients who complete 2 courses of protocol treatment and initiate course 3 will be computed by arm with its 95% confidence interval using exact method.
Time frame: At 8 weeks
Population: The data for the pre-emptive and reactive treatment with clobatasol were pooled for the comparison of the two dosing strategies (regorafenib dose escalation group (Arms A1 + A2) versus regorafenib standard dose group (Arms B1 + B2)).
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Regorafenib Dose Escalation Group | Proportion of Patients in Each Arm Who Complete 2 Cycles of Protocol Treatment and Initiate Cycle 3 | 0.43 proportion of patients |
| Regorafenib Standard Dose Group | Proportion of Patients in Each Arm Who Complete 2 Cycles of Protocol Treatment and Initiate Cycle 3 | 0.26 proportion of patients |
p-value: 0.043495% CI: [0, 0.34]Fisher Exact
Secondary
Changes in QOL (According to the Linear Analogue Self-Assessment [LASA] Questionnaire)
Changes in QOL (according to the LASA questionnaire as measured by the overall QOL question) from baseline will be compared between the treatment arms using the Kruskal-Wallis test.
Time frame: Baseline to 8 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Regorafenib Dose Escalation Group | Changes in QOL (According to the Linear Analogue Self-Assessment [LASA] Questionnaire) | -0.9 LASA overall score change from baseline | Standard Deviation 1.12 |
| Regorafenib Standard Dose Group | Changes in QOL (According to the Linear Analogue Self-Assessment [LASA] Questionnaire) | -0.3 LASA overall score change from baseline | Standard Deviation 1.42 |
| Arm B1 (Regorafenib Standard Dose + Pre-emptive Strategy) | Changes in QOL (According to the Linear Analogue Self-Assessment [LASA] Questionnaire) | -0.7 LASA overall score change from baseline | Standard Deviation 2.09 |
| Arm B2 (Regorafenib Standard Dose + Reactive Strategy) | Changes in QOL (According to the Linear Analogue Self-Assessment [LASA] Questionnaire) | -0.9 LASA overall score change from baseline | Standard Deviation 1.96 |
p-value: 0.7319Kruskal-Wallis
Secondary
Cumulative (Total) Dose of Regorafenib Received by Patients in the First Two Cycles
Will be summarized with descriptive statistics and compared between regorafenib arms (A vs. B).
Time frame: Up to 8 weeks
Population: The data for the pre-emptive \& reactive treatment with clobatasol were pooled for the comparison of the two dosing strategies ((Arms A1 + A2) versus (Arms B1 + B2)). There are patients off-protocol treatment during cycle 1; therefore, we do not have cycle 2 dosing information for those patients who are off-protocol treatment during cycle 1.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regorafenib Dose Escalation Group | Cumulative (Total) Dose of Regorafenib Received by Patients in the First Two Cycles | Cycle 1 | 91.8 mg/day | Standard Deviation 33.4 |
| Regorafenib Dose Escalation Group | Cumulative (Total) Dose of Regorafenib Received by Patients in the First Two Cycles | Cycle 2 | 121.3 mg/day | Standard Deviation 40 |
| Regorafenib Standard Dose Group | Cumulative (Total) Dose of Regorafenib Received by Patients in the First Two Cycles | Cycle 1 | 133.1 mg/day | Standard Deviation 34.6 |
| Regorafenib Standard Dose Group | Cumulative (Total) Dose of Regorafenib Received by Patients in the First Two Cycles | Cycle 2 | 117.3 mg/day | Standard Deviation 48.9 |
Secondary
Dose Intensity of Regorafenib Received by Patients in the First Two Cycles as Measured by the Percentage of Planned Dose Received
Dose intensity of regorafenib received by patients in the first two cycles as measured by the percentage (%) of planned dose received
Time frame: Up to 8 weeks
Population: The data for the pre-emptive \& reactive treatment with clobatasol were pooled for the comparison of the two dosing strategies ((Arms A1 + A2) versus (Arms B1 + B2)).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Regorafenib Dose Escalation Group | Dose Intensity of Regorafenib Received by Patients in the First Two Cycles as Measured by the Percentage of Planned Dose Received | 76.2 percentage of planned dose received | Standard Deviation 25.3 |
| Regorafenib Standard Dose Group | Dose Intensity of Regorafenib Received by Patients in the First Two Cycles as Measured by the Percentage of Planned Dose Received | 76.0 percentage of planned dose received | Standard Deviation 21 |
Secondary
Overall Survival (OS)
OS is defined as the time from randomization to death due to any cause and will be estimated with Kaplan-Meier survival curves and differences between regorafenib arms (A vs. B) tested using log-rank tests, though these analyses are not powered for formal non-inferiority assessments.
Time frame: Time from randomization to death due to any cause, assessed up to 2 years
Population: The data for the pre-emptive and reactive treatment with clobatasol were pooled for the comparison of the two dosing strategies (regorafenib dose escalation group (Arms A1 + A2) versus regorafenib standard dose group (Arms B1 + B2)).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Regorafenib Dose Escalation Group | Overall Survival (OS) | 9.8 months |
| Regorafenib Standard Dose Group | Overall Survival (OS) | 6.0 months |
p-value: 0.124195% CI: [0.47, 1.1]Log Rank
Secondary
Progression Free Survival (PFS)
PFS is defined as the time from randomization to the earlier of disease progression or death due to any cause, where progressed disease (PD) is defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 and will be estimated with Kaplan-Meier survival curves and differences between regorafenib arms (A vs. B) tested using log-rank tests, though these analyses are not powered for formal non-inferiority assessments.
Time frame: Time from randomization to the earlier of disease progression or death due to any cause, where progressed disease (PD) is defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1, assessed up to 2 years
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Regorafenib Dose Escalation Group | Progression Free Survival (PFS) | 2.8 months |
| Regorafenib Standard Dose Group | Progression Free Survival (PFS) | 2.0 months |
p-value: 0.379795% CI: [0.57, 1.24]Log Rank
Secondary
Proportion of Patients Overall and Within Each Arm Experiencing Grade 3 or 4 Hand and Foot Syndrome (HFS)
Will be computed with 95% confidence intervals.
Time frame: 2 years
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Regorafenib Dose Escalation Group | Proportion of Patients Overall and Within Each Arm Experiencing Grade 3 or 4 Hand and Foot Syndrome (HFS) | 0.1786 proportion of participants |
| Regorafenib Standard Dose Group | Proportion of Patients Overall and Within Each Arm Experiencing Grade 3 or 4 Hand and Foot Syndrome (HFS) | 0.1154 proportion of participants |
| Arm B1 (Regorafenib Standard Dose + Pre-emptive Strategy) | Proportion of Patients Overall and Within Each Arm Experiencing Grade 3 or 4 Hand and Foot Syndrome (HFS) | 0.1515 proportion of participants |
| Arm B2 (Regorafenib Standard Dose + Reactive Strategy) | Proportion of Patients Overall and Within Each Arm Experiencing Grade 3 or 4 Hand and Foot Syndrome (HFS) | 0.1724 proportion of participants |
Secondary
Quality of Life (QOL) (According to the HFS14 Total Score)
Patients will be descriptively compared between treatment arms and between HFS treatment strategies (pre-emptive vs. reactive) according to self-reported outcomes given on the HFS14 questionnaire. Results from the course 1 and 2 HSF14 questionnaires will also be summarized descriptively as they relate to the pre-emptive versus reactive palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (PPES) strategies. Total HFS-14 score was calculated by summing the scores of all items and adjusting to 100 by applying a rule of three. Total scores have a range of 2-100, with the higher the score, the greater the QoL impairment.
Time frame: 8 weeks
Population: Only patients that completed a post-baseline HFS14 assessment were included in analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Regorafenib Dose Escalation Group | Quality of Life (QOL) (According to the HFS14 Total Score) | 20.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 19.05 |
| Regorafenib Standard Dose Group | Quality of Life (QOL) (According to the HFS14 Total Score) | 29.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 21.97 |
| Arm B1 (Regorafenib Standard Dose + Pre-emptive Strategy) | Quality of Life (QOL) (According to the HFS14 Total Score) | 15.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 14.65 |
| Arm B2 (Regorafenib Standard Dose + Reactive Strategy) | Quality of Life (QOL) (According to the HFS14 Total Score) | 21.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 26.38 |
Secondary
Time to Progression (TTP)
TTP is defined as the time from randomization to disease progression, where PD is defined by RECIST 1.1 and will be estimated with Kaplan-Meier survival curves and differences between regorafenib arms (A vs. B) tested using log-rank tests, though these analyses are not powered for formal non-inferiority assessments.
Time frame: Time from randomization to disease progression, where PD is defined by RECIST 1.1, assessed up to 2 years
Population: The data for the pre-emptive and reactive treatment with clobatasol were pooled for the comparison of the two dosing strategies (regorafenib dose escalation group (Arms A1 + A2) versus regorafenib standard dose group (Arms B1 + B2)).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Regorafenib Dose Escalation Group | Time to Progression (TTP) | 2.8 months |
| Regorafenib Standard Dose Group | Time to Progression (TTP) | 2.0 months |
p-value: 0.461495% CI: [0.55, 1.31]Log Rank
Other Pre-specified
Pharmacokinetics (PK) Parameters of Regorafenib Using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
After quantitation, the average trough concentration, calculated from all available data, will be calculated. This average trough concentration will be correlated with toxicity and efficacy endpoints. Further descriptive characteristics of the pharmacokinetics will also be calculated, an example includes (but is not limited to) within-patient variability in the trough concentrations pharmacokinetic parameters will also be calculated, both overall and within courses, as a ratio of the maximum:minimum value.
Time frame: Baseline, prior to treatment, days 7, 14, and 21 prior to treatment (course 1), and days 1 and 21 prior to treatment (course 2)