Prevalence of Incontinence and Risk Factors in Children With Cerebral Palsy

Status

Completed

Phases

Unknown

Study type

Observational

Source

ClinicalTrials.gov

Registry ID

NCT02368262

Enrollment

Registered

2015-02-23

Start date

2014-09-30

Completion date

2016-12-31

Last updated

2017-01-04

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Urinary Incontinence

Keywords

Cerebral Palsy, Risk factors, Child, urinary incontinence

Brief summary

This study evaluates (risk)factors influencing (in)continence in children with and without a brain injury.

Detailed description

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) (Rosenbaum, 2007) gain bladder and bowel control at older age compared to typical developing children (Ozturk, 2006). The incidence of urinary incontinence during day and night, fecal incontinence and constipation is higher in this population. Incontinence in children is often treated with urotherapy. This is a nonsurgical, nonpharmacological treatment for lower urinary tract dysfunctions. Standard urotherapy is noninterventional and it includes giving information, instructions, advice regarding life-style, fluid intake and bladder diaries. Additionally specific interventions can be used, such as: various forms of pelvic floor training, behavioral modification, biofeedback, electrical stimulation and catheterization (Neveus, 2006). Recent research has proven urotherapy to be successful for the treatment of children with daytime incontinence (Mulders, 2010). Despite the high prevalence of incontinence in children with CP the possible treatment strategies in this population are poorly investigated. Far too often, urinary incontinence in children with CP is considered a normal, unavoidable and even a minor problem. Aim: Analyze (risk) factors influencing (in)continence in children with and without CP. Possible parameters will be registered through questioning, measurement (uroflow combined with pelvic floor EMG and postmictional residue) and retrospective analysis of the patient files. Parameters will be compared between continent and incontinent children with and without CP. This comparison evaluates whether the same therapeutic strategies can be applied in incontinent children with and without CP.

Interventions

OTHERQuestionnaire and micturition and drinking diaries

Questionnaire: ICCS parental questionnaire + extended history taking document, ROME III criteria, demographic information and/or PIN-Q. Diaries: 24-hour voiding chart

PROCEDUREUroflowmetry, pelvic floor EMG and bladderscan

Voiding variables, pelvic floor activity during micturition and postmictional residue.

Study design

Observational model

CASE_CONTROL

Time perspective

CROSS_SECTIONAL

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

ALL

Age

5 Years to 12 Years

Healthy volunteers

Yes

Inclusion criteria

* Daytime urinary incontinence with or without enuresis and/or fecal incontinence (Groups with incontinence) * No urinary or fecal incontinence (Groups without incontinence) * Cerebral palsy (Groups with children with CP) * Normal development (Groups with children without CP)

Exclusion criteria

* Isolated urinary tract infections * Isolated enuresis * Isolated dysfunctional voiding * Isolated fecal incontinence * Anatomical abnormalities * History of genitourinary or renal surgery * Medication for incontinence during the last 3 months * Pelvic reeducation during the last 6 months * Other neurologic problems influencing continence

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Risk factors	Cross-sectional	Identification of predictive factors for incontinence in children with and without CP.

Countries

Belgium

Outcome results

None listed

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Feb 4, 2026