Sturge-Weber Syndrome
Conditions
Keywords
Sturge-Weber syndrome, SWS, Drug resistant epilepsy
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to determine the tolerability and optimal dose of cannabidiol (CBD) as an simultaneous treatment in children and young adults with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) and drug resistant epilepsy.
Detailed description
We hope to gain an understanding of the utility of pure CBD used for the treatment of medically refractory epilepsy in SWS in this open-label, safety dose-finding, study. Recent evidence suggests that CBD has multiple, beneficial, effects in patients (such as those with SWS that undergo neurological deterioration) suffering from medically refractory seizures. We hypothesize that CBD will reduce seizure frequency in children and young adults with SWS and will therefore help stabilize and improve their neurologic status.This trial is part of an expanded access program, available through a partnership with GW Pharmaceutical, which has been sanctioned by the FDA to study the safety and efficacy of Epidiolex (cannabidiol/CBD) in participants with SWS and medically refractory seizures.
Interventions
DRUGCannabidiol
Initiation of treatment will begin with 2mg/kg/day. The dose will be increased by 3 mg/kg/day after seven days and then by 5 mg/kg/day every seven days up to a maximum dose of 25 mg/kg/day given. The dose of concomitant antiepileptic drugs will remain unchanged during the first 12 weeks of CBD treatment (or until 8 weeks after steady state at final dose), unless symptoms of toxicity and/or significant changes in blood levels are observed.
Sponsors
Jazz Pharmaceuticals
Faneca 66 Foundation
Anne Comi, MD
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
1 Months to 45 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
Participants with Sturge-Weber syndrome brain involvement as defined on neuroimaging (n=10 subjects, male and female, ages 1 month to 45 years of age) and the following: * Documentation of a diagnosis of drug resistant epilepsy as evidenced by failure to control seizures despite appropriate trial of two or more AEDs at therapeutic doses. Drug resistant epilepsy for this study is defined as: At least 1 reported quantifiable (no cluster or innumerable) defined seizure with motor signs per month for at least 3 months prior to initial visit and during the period between Visit 1 (Screening Visit) and Visit 2 (Baseline Visit), as per data captured in daily seizure diaries. These can be focal seizures, focal seizures with impaired consciousness, myoclonic seizures, generalized, and secondarily generalized seizures. * Between 1-5 baseline anti-epileptic drugs at stable doses for a minimum of 4 weeks prior to enrollment. Vagus nerve stimulator (VNS), ketogenic diet and modified Atkins diet do not count toward this limit. * VNS must be on stable settings for a minimum of 3 months prior to enrollment. * If on ketogenic or Atkins diet, must be on stable ratio for a minimum of 3 months prior to enrollment. * Previous subjects who failed at any point to meet continuation criteria and withdrew early may be considered for re-enrollment under a new subject ID as long as the above inclusion criteria are met. The determination of whether to re-enroll will be made by the PI and sponsor on a case-by-case basis. Re-enrollment can occur no earlier than 4 weeks after the final, post-weaning follow-up visit under the old subject ID. Written informed consent obtained from the patient or the patient's legal representative must be obtained prior to beginning treatment.
Exclusion criteria
* Patients with seizures secondary to metabolic, toxic, infectious or psychogenic disorder or drug abuse or current seizures related to an acute medical illness. * Presence of only non-motor partial seizures (without limb or facial movements, eye deviation or head turning) * Patients who require rescue medication during the Baseline phase for more than 6 days. * Patients with any severe and/or uncontrolled medical conditions at randomization such as: 1. liver disease such as cirrhosis, decompensated liver disease, and chronic hepatitis \[i.e. quantifiable hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA and/or positive HbsAg, quantifiable hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA\] 2. Uncontrolled diabetes as defined by fasting serum glucose \> 1.5 3. Active (acute or chronic) or uncontrolled severe infections. 4. Patients with an active, bleeding diathesis. * Patients who have had a major surgery or significant traumatic injury within 4 weeks of study entry. Patients who have not recovered from the side effects of any major surgery (defined as requiring general anesthesia), or patients that may require major surgery during the course of the study. * Patients who change the dose of the AEDs during 4 weeks before screening or during the baseline period. * Prior treatment with any investigational drug within the preceding 4 weeks prior to study entry. * Patients with a history of non-compliance to medical regimens or who are considered potentially unreliable or will not be able to complete the entire study. Those in foster care, unable to keep follow-up appointments, maintain close contact with Principal Investigator, or complete all necessary studies to maintain safety. * Pregnant or nursing (lactating) women, where pregnancy is defined as the state of a female after conception and until the termination of gestation, confirmed by a positive human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) laboratory test.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Seizures Per Month | Measured within 56 days before baseline and 56 days before week 14 | A baseline seizure frequency was recorded for each subject in a diary for eight weeks prior to investigational drug initiation and parents/caregivers documented seizures on a daily basis throughout the trial using a seizure log. For assessing the efficacy of CBD, the investigator counted the change in frequency of seizures per month. The number of seizures within 56 days of the baseline and the number of seizures within 56 days of week 14 were calculated. Higher seizure frequency indicates worse outcome. This outcome is measured as the change in number of seizures per month between the baseline and week 14 time points. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage Change in Seizure Frequency at Most Recent Visit on CBD Compared With Baseline | Measured at Baseline and most recent visit within 1 year | The percentage change, between the seizure frequency per month reported at baseline compared to seizure frequency per month at the subject's most recent visit, on CBD was calculated. Higher positive percentage change in seizure frequency per month would indicate better outcome. Positive values indicate a decrease in seizure frequency. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
All enrolled participants will receive cannabidiol.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Cannabidiol All subjects will receive the experimental Epidiolex (cannabidiol) oral solution to be taken at home twice a day, and will be treated on an outpatient basis. The drug will be taken for 48 weeks unless the subject chooses to participate in the extension phase of the study, in which case the subject will continue to receive the drug for one additional year or until the drug is approved for clinical use for the treatment of epilepsy in patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome.
Cannabidiol: Initiation of treatment will begin with 2mg/kg/day. The dose will be increased by 3 mg/kg/day after seven days and then by 5 mg/kg/day every seven days up to a maximum dose of 25 mg/kg/day given.
The dose of concomitant antiepileptic drugs will remain unchanged during the first 12 weeks of CBD treatment (or until 8 weeks after steady state at final dose), unless symptoms of toxicity and/or significant changes in blood levels are observed. | 5 |
| Total | 5 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Lack of Efficacy | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Cannabidiol | — |
|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 4 Participants | — |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants | — |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 1 Participants | — |
| Age, Continuous | 8.83 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.3 | — |
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | — | — Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 5 participants | — |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 4 Participants | — |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 1 Participants | — |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 5 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 5 / 5 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 3 / 5 |
Outcome results
Primary
Number of Seizures Per Month
A baseline seizure frequency was recorded for each subject in a diary for eight weeks prior to investigational drug initiation and parents/caregivers documented seizures on a daily basis throughout the trial using a seizure log. For assessing the efficacy of CBD, the investigator counted the change in frequency of seizures per month. The number of seizures within 56 days of the baseline and the number of seizures within 56 days of week 14 were calculated. Higher seizure frequency indicates worse outcome. This outcome is measured as the change in number of seizures per month between the baseline and week 14 time points.
Time frame: Measured within 56 days before baseline and 56 days before week 14
Population: 4 out of 5 subjects were included in analysis as subject 5 was removed early (before week 14) due to lack of efficacy and adverse events.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cannabidiol | Number of Seizures Per Month | Subject 1 Overall Average Number of Seizures per Month at Baseline | 33.5 Seizures per month | Standard Deviation 7.78 |
| Cannabidiol | Number of Seizures Per Month | Subject 1 Overall Average Number of Seizures per Month at Week 14 | 30.0 Seizures per month | Standard Deviation 2.83 |
| Cannabidiol | Number of Seizures Per Month | Subject 2 Overall Average Number of Seizures per Month at Baseline | 3.0 Seizures per month | Standard Deviation 1.41 |
| Cannabidiol | Number of Seizures Per Month | Subject 2 Overall Average Number of Seizures per Month at Week 14 | 0.5 Seizures per month | Standard Deviation 0.71 |
| Cannabidiol | Number of Seizures Per Month | Subject 3 (Re-enrolled) Overall Average Number of Seizures per Month at Baseline | 3.0 Seizures per month | Standard Deviation 1.41 |
| Cannabidiol | Number of Seizures Per Month | Subject 3 (Re-enrolled) Overall Average Number of Seizures per Month at Week 14 | 2.0 Seizures per month | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Cannabidiol | Number of Seizures Per Month | Subject 4 Overall Average Number of Seizures per Month at Baseline | 5.0 Seizures per month | Standard Deviation 1.41 |
| Cannabidiol | Number of Seizures Per Month | Subject 4 Overall Average Number of Seizures per Month at Week 14 | 0.5 Seizures per month | Standard Deviation 0.71 |
| Cannabidiol | Number of Seizures Per Month | Subject 5 Overall Average Number of Seizures per Month at Baseline | 1.0 Seizures per month | Standard Deviation 0 |
Secondary
Percentage Change in Seizure Frequency at Most Recent Visit on CBD Compared With Baseline
The percentage change, between the seizure frequency per month reported at baseline compared to seizure frequency per month at the subject's most recent visit, on CBD was calculated. Higher positive percentage change in seizure frequency per month would indicate better outcome. Positive values indicate a decrease in seizure frequency.
Time frame: Measured at Baseline and most recent visit within 1 year
Population: 4 out of 5 subjects were included in analysis as subject 5 was removed early due to lack of efficacy. Data were not collected for Subject 5 as the subject was removed at week 9 due to lack of efficacy.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cannabidiol | Percentage Change in Seizure Frequency at Most Recent Visit on CBD Compared With Baseline | Subject 3 Percent decrease in Seizure Frequency at Most Recent Visit on CBD Compared with Baseline | 83 Percentage Change in Seizure Frequency |
| Cannabidiol | Percentage Change in Seizure Frequency at Most Recent Visit on CBD Compared With Baseline | Subject 4 Percent decrease in Seizure Frequency at Most Recent Visit on CBD Compared with Baseline | 64 Percentage Change in Seizure Frequency |
| Cannabidiol | Percentage Change in Seizure Frequency at Most Recent Visit on CBD Compared With Baseline | Subject 1 Percent decrease in Seizure Frequency at Most Recent Visit on CBD Compared with Baseline | 12 Percentage Change in Seizure Frequency |
| Cannabidiol | Percentage Change in Seizure Frequency at Most Recent Visit on CBD Compared With Baseline | Subject 2 Percent decrease in Seizure Frequency at Most Recent Visit on CBD Compared with Baseline | 100 Percentage Change in Seizure Frequency |