Changes Based on Duration of Tape Application, Direction of Kinesio Tape Application, Healthy Subjects
Conditions
Brief summary
This cross over design study will be used to determine the influence of elastic kinesiology tape on the speed and amplitude of quadriceps activation (anterior thigh) during selected resisted and weight bearing exercises.
Detailed description
Objective: This cross over design study will be used to determine the influence of elastic kinesiology tape on the speed and amplitude of quadriceps activation (anterior thigh) during selected resisted and weight bearing exercises. Background: Compliant tape, such as KiniseoⓇ Tape (KT), is highly elastic and claimed by the manufacturer to mimic skin. It is commonly used by physical therapists and sports medicine practitioners to treat musculoskeletal conditions and to enhance physical performance. The creators of KT teach a variety of applications techniques to affect the underlying musculature. Current theory regarding elastic tape application suggests that if the tape is applied over a muscle from the proximal to distal attachments, it will facilitate the underlying muscle while applying the tape from distal to proximal will inhibit the musculature.1 While studies have investigated the effect of elastic tape on muscle activation, few studies to date have compared the direction of application on muscle activation.2-7 Methods and Measures: Healthy subjects between 18-35 years old will be recruited from the Upstate Medical University community via email and word of mouth. Potential participants will report to the Institute for Human Performance and will be asked to complete all documentation including informed consent and a health-screening questionnaire. If eligible, qualified participants will perform 2 functional jumping exercises (vertical jump and single-leg triple hop for distance) 8 and isokinetic knee flexion and extension at 60 degrees/sec and 120 degrees/sec using the Biodex System 3 Pro Dynamometer (Biodex Medical Systems, Shirley, NY). The Biodex isokinetic machine has been shown to be a reliable and valid source of measuring peak torque, position and velocity.9 Surface electromyography (EMG) recordings will be collected from the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis during isokinetic testing. Testing will occur over four sessions. In the first session, baseline measurements and measurements immediately after KT application will be collected. In the second session, the participant will be retested after wearing the KT for up to two days (48 hours). This process will be repeated one week later during sessions three and four with KT applied in the opposite direction of the initial testing condition. KT application direction and the order of activities will be randomized for each participant.
Interventions
Elastic tape placed over the skin
Sponsors
Study design
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Eligible participants were between the ages of 18 to 35 and naïve to the use of kinesiology tape.
Exclusion criteria
included musculoskeletal injury to the lower extremities (within the previous year), past surgery to the lower extremities, or known allergy to adhesive tape. All participants were screened for physical activity and exercise testing using the Physical Activity and Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q)15 (British Columbia Ministry of Health, British Columbia/Canada), resting vital signs, and American College of Sports Medicine guidelines for exercise testing. The Physical Activity and Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q)(British Columbia Ministry of Health) will be used as a general screen of exercise safety. Additionally, researchers will ask participants to identify possible cardiovascular and/or orthopedic risks to resistance exercise, dominant leg injuries/surgeries, and regarding history or familiarity of elastic tape. Subjects who are at risk due to recent (within the last year) musculoskeletal injury to lower extremities will be excluded from the study. Additionally, we will exclude subjects who report significant respiratory-cardiovascular disease, subjects with a history of surgery on their dominant leg, or individuals who have been trained in elastic tape theory and application. Any participant with a known allergy to adhesives will also be excluded from the study. Blood pressure and heart rate will be measured at the start of each session. Per ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing, if a participant's resting systolic blood pressure is greater than \>200 mm Hg or diastolic BP is \>110 mm Hg then he/she will be excluded from exercise testing and the study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vertical Jump Height Immediately Post Tape Administration | Immediate | Vertical Jump Height Immediately Post Tape Administration |
| Unilateral Three Hop for Distance Immediately Post Tape Administration | Immediate | Unilateral three hop for distance immediately post tape administration |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| EMG During Isokinetic Testing at 120 Degrees/Sec Immediately Post Tape Application | Immediate | EMG data were collected during the isokinetic testing at 120 degrees/sec Immediately Post Tape Application |
| EMG During Isokinetic Testing at 60 Degrees/Sec Immediately Post Tape Application | Immediate | EMG during isokinetic testing at 60 degrees/second Immediately Post Tape Application |
| Isokinetic Torque at 120 Degrees/Sec Immediately Post Tape Administration | Immediate | Isokinetic Torque at 120 Degrees/Second Immediately Post Tape Administration |
| Isokinetic Torque at 60 Degrees/Sec Immediately Post Tape Administration | Immediate | Isokinetic Torque at 60 Degrees/Second Immediately Post Tape Administration |
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
This is a crossover design. There were 15 subjects in total.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Distal to Proximal Tape, Then Proximal to Distal Quadriceps muscle taped (Using Kinesio Tape) starting distal by knee and ending proximal by hip.
Kinesio Tape: Elastic tape placed over the skin | 8 |
| Proximal to Distal Tape, Then Distal to Proximal Quadriceps muscle taped (Using Kinesio Tape) starting proximal by hip and ending distal by knee.
Kinesio Tape: Elastic tape placed over the skin | 7 |
| Total | 15 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Proximal to Distal Tape, Then Distal to Proximal | Distal to Proximal Tape, Then Proximal to Distal | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 7 Participants | 8 Participants | 15 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 23.3 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.8 | 23.3 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.8 | 23.3 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.8 |
| Hop Distance | 468.4 Centimeter STANDARD_DEVIATION 90.8 | 472.3 Centimeter STANDARD_DEVIATION 88.1 | 468.4 Centimeter STANDARD_DEVIATION 90.8 |
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | — | — | 0 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 7 participants | 8 participants | 15 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 5 Participants | 5 Participants | 10 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 2 Participants | 3 Participants | 5 Participants |
| Vertical Jump Height | 41.6 centimeters STANDARD_DEVIATION 18 | 40.9 centimeters STANDARD_DEVIATION 18.5 | 41.6 centimeters STANDARD_DEVIATION 18 |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 15 | 0 / 15 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 15 | 0 / 15 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 15 | 0 / 15 |
Outcome results
Unilateral Three Hop for Distance Immediately Post Tape Administration
Unilateral three hop for distance immediately post tape administration
Time frame: Immediate
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Distal to Proximal Tape | Unilateral Three Hop for Distance Immediately Post Tape Administration | 471.5 centimeters | Standard Deviation 91.6 |
| Proximal to Distal Tape | Unilateral Three Hop for Distance Immediately Post Tape Administration | 482.0 centimeters | Standard Deviation 99.5 |
Vertical Jump Height Immediately Post Tape Administration
Vertical Jump Height Immediately Post Tape Administration
Time frame: Immediate
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Distal to Proximal Tape | Vertical Jump Height Immediately Post Tape Administration | 41.6 centimeters | Standard Deviation 18.3 |
| Proximal to Distal Tape | Vertical Jump Height Immediately Post Tape Administration | 41.1 centimeters | Standard Deviation 16.8 |
EMG During Isokinetic Testing at 120 Degrees/Sec Immediately Post Tape Application
EMG data were collected during the isokinetic testing at 120 degrees/sec Immediately Post Tape Application
Time frame: Immediate
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Distal to Proximal Tape | EMG During Isokinetic Testing at 120 Degrees/Sec Immediately Post Tape Application | .0052 Millivolts |
| Proximal to Distal Tape | EMG During Isokinetic Testing at 120 Degrees/Sec Immediately Post Tape Application | -.0099 Millivolts |
EMG During Isokinetic Testing at 60 Degrees/Sec Immediately Post Tape Application
EMG during isokinetic testing at 60 degrees/second Immediately Post Tape Application
Time frame: Immediate
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Distal to Proximal Tape | EMG During Isokinetic Testing at 60 Degrees/Sec Immediately Post Tape Application | .0053 Millivolts |
| Proximal to Distal Tape | EMG During Isokinetic Testing at 60 Degrees/Sec Immediately Post Tape Application | -.0004 Millivolts |
Isokinetic Torque at 120 Degrees/Sec Immediately Post Tape Administration
Isokinetic Torque at 120 Degrees/Second Immediately Post Tape Administration
Time frame: Immediate
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Distal to Proximal Tape | Isokinetic Torque at 120 Degrees/Sec Immediately Post Tape Administration | 3.5 Newton-Meters |
| Proximal to Distal Tape | Isokinetic Torque at 120 Degrees/Sec Immediately Post Tape Administration | 3.5 Newton-Meters |
Isokinetic Torque at 60 Degrees/Sec Immediately Post Tape Administration
Isokinetic Torque at 60 Degrees/Second Immediately Post Tape Administration
Time frame: Immediate
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Distal to Proximal Tape | Isokinetic Torque at 60 Degrees/Sec Immediately Post Tape Administration | 2.9 Newton-Meters |
| Proximal to Distal Tape | Isokinetic Torque at 60 Degrees/Sec Immediately Post Tape Administration | -6.0 Newton-Meters |