Post-operative Pain
Conditions
Keywords
Bunionectomy
Brief summary
This is a phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, multiple-dose, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of up to 3 dosing regimens of Buprenorphine Sublingual (under the tongue) Spray and/or matching placebo in participants with moderate to severe postoperative pain after bunionectomy. The study will comprise 4 periods: the Screening Period, the Surgical Period, the Treatment Period, and the Follow-up Period. Participants will be admitted to the study site on the morning of the scheduled surgery, will remain at the study site until postoperative Day 3 (a total of 3 nights at the study site), and will return for the Follow-up Visit 5 to 9 days after surgery.
Interventions
Buprenorphine sublingual spray delivered via single 100 μL spray
DRUGPlacebo
Placebo-matching buprenorphine sublingual spray delivered via single 100 μL spray
Sponsors
INSYS Therapeutics Inc
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Meets protocol-specified criteria for qualification and contraception * Is able to speak and understand the language in which the study is being conducted, is able to understand the procedures and study requirements and has voluntarily signed and dated an informed consent form approved by the Institutional Review Board before the conduct of any study procedure * Is willing and able to comply with study requirements (including diet, alcohol, and smoking restrictions), complete the pain evaluations, remain at the study site for three days, and return for follow up between 7 and 9 days after surgery.
Exclusion criteria
* History or current use of over-the-counter medications, dietary supplements, or drugs (including nicotine and alcohol) outside protocol-specified parameters * Signs, symptoms or history of any condition that, per protocol or in the opinion of the investigator, might compromise: 1. the safety or well-being of the participant or study staff 2. the safety or well-being of the participant's offspring (such as through pregnancy or breast-feeding) 3. the analysis of results
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) Summed Pain Intensity Difference (SPID) Over 0 to 48 Hours After Time 0 (NRS SPID-48) | Baseline and 0 to 48 hours after Time 0 | Pain intensity was assessed by the participant using an 11-point NRS from 0=no pain to 10=worst possible pain. Pain intensity scores were collected at Baseline (prior to study drug) and at multiple time points up to 48 hours after Time 0 (administration of first dose of study drug). Pain intensity difference is calculated by subtracting the pain intensity at each time point from the pain intensity at Time 0. The SPID scores are the sum of the differences at each time point multiplied by the duration in hours since the previous time point. Positive numbers indicate a reduction in pain \[maximum (max)=10 at each time point\] and negative numbers indicate an increase in pain \[minimum (min)=-10 at each time point\]. The overall min and max are -10 and 10 times the number of hours specified; SPID-48 range is -480 to 480. The NRS SPID-48 was analyzed using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model, which included treatment and site as main effects and Baseline pain intensity as the covariate. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| NRS Mean Pain Intensity Score at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 4, 8, 24 and 48 hours after Time 0 | Pain intensity was assessed by the participant using an 11-point NRS from 0=no pain to 10=worst possible pain. Pain intensity scores were collected at Baseline (prior to study drug administration) and at multiple time points up to 48 hours after Time 0 (time of administration of the first dose of study drug). A lower value indicates improvement in pain. |
| NRS SPID Over 0 to 4 Hours After Time 0 (NRS SPID-4) | Baseline and 0 to 4 hours after Time 0 | Pain intensity was assessed by the participant using an 11-point NRS from 0=no pain to 10=worst possible pain. Pain intensity scores were collected at Baseline (prior to study drug) and at multiple time points up to 4 hours after Time 0 (administration of first dose of study drug). Pain intensity difference is calculated by subtracting the pain intensity at each time point from the pain intensity at Time 0. The SPID scores are the sum of the differences at each time point multiplied by the duration in hours since the previous time point. Positive numbers indicate a reduction in pain \[maximum (max)=10 at each time point\] and negative numbers indicate an increase in pain \[minimum (min)=-10 at each time point\]. The overall min and max are -10 and 10 times the number of hours specified; SPID-4 range is -40 to 40. The NRS SPID-4 was analyzed using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model, which included treatment and site as main effects and Baseline pain intensity as the covariate. |
| NRS Mean Pain Intensity Difference (PID) at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | Baseline and 4, 8, 24 and 48 hours after Time 0 | Pain intensity was assessed by the participant using an 11-point NRS from 0=no pain to 10=worst possible pain. Pain intensity scores were collected at Baseline (prior to study drug administration) and at multiple time points up to 48 hours after Time 0 (time of administration of the first dose of study drug). NRS PID is defined as the difference in pain at each scheduled timepoint relative to Baseline (PID=pain intensity at baseline - pain intensity at time point). A higher value of NRS PID score indicates a higher decrease in pain from Baseline. |
| NRS SPID Over 0 to 24 Hours After Time 0 (NRS SPID-24) | Baseline and 0 to 24 hours after Time 0 | Pain intensity was assessed by the participant using an 11-point NRS from 0=no pain to 10=worst possible pain. Pain intensity scores were collected at Baseline (prior to study drug) and at multiple time points up to 24 hours after Time 0 (administration of first dose of study drug). Pain intensity difference is calculated by subtracting the pain intensity at each time point from the pain intensity at Time 0. The SPID scores are the sum of the differences at each time point multiplied by the duration in hours since the previous time point. Positive numbers indicate a reduction in pain \[maximum (max)=10 at each time point\] and negative numbers indicate an increase in pain \[minimum (min)=-10 at each time point\]. The overall min and max are -10 and 10 times the number of hours specified; SPID-24 range is -240 to 240. The NRS SPID-24 was analyzed using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model, which included treatment and site as main effects and Baseline pain intensity as the covariate. |
| Percentage of Participants Who Used Rescue Medication for Pain | From Time 0 (first dose of study drug) up to Day 9 | The percentage of participants who needed to take an alternate medication for pain relief during the study. |
| NRS SPID Over 0 to 8 Hours After Time 0 (NRS SPID-8) | Baseline and 0 to 8 hours after Time 0 | Pain intensity was assessed by the participant using an 11-point NRS from 0=no pain to 10=worst possible pain. Pain intensity scores were collected at Baseline (prior to study drug) and at multiple time points up to 8 hours after Time 0 (administration of first dose of study drug). Pain intensity difference is calculated by subtracting the pain intensity at each time point from the pain intensity at Time 0. The SPID scores are the sum of the differences at each time point multiplied by the duration in hours since the previous time point. Positive numbers indicate a reduction in pain \[maximum (max)=10 at each time point\] and negative numbers indicate an increase in pain \[minimum (min)=-10 at each time point\]. The overall min and max are -10 and 10 times the number of hours specified; SPID-8 range is -80 to 80. The NRS SPID-8 was analyzed using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model, which included treatment and site as main effects and Baseline pain intensity as the covariate. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Buprenorphine 0.5 mg TID Participants received buprenorphine 0.5 mg sublingual spray three times daily (TID) and placebo-matching buprenorphine sublingual spray once daily (QD) for two days. | 9 |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg BID Participants received buprenorphine 1.0 mg sublingual spray twice daily (BID) and placebo-matching buprenorphine sublingual spray BID for two days. | 11 |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg TID Participants received buprenorphine 1.0 mg sublingual spray TID and placebo-matching buprenorphine sublingual spray QD for two days. | 10 |
| Placebo Participants received placebo-matching buprenorphine sublingual spray four times daily for two days. | 10 |
| Total | 40 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 | FG002 | FG003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Adverse Event | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Buprenorphine 0.5 mg TID | Buprenorphine 1.0 mg BID | Buprenorphine 1.0 mg TID | Placebo | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 48.0 years | 43.5 years | 40.8 years | 40.5 years | 43.2 years |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 7 Participants | 9 Participants | 7 Participants | 9 Participants | 32 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 2 Participants | 2 Participants | 3 Participants | 1 Participants | 8 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 9 / 9 | 11 / 11 | 9 / 10 | 7 / 10 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 1 / 9 | 0 / 11 | 0 / 10 | 0 / 10 |
Outcome results
Primary
Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) Summed Pain Intensity Difference (SPID) Over 0 to 48 Hours After Time 0 (NRS SPID-48)
Pain intensity was assessed by the participant using an 11-point NRS from 0=no pain to 10=worst possible pain. Pain intensity scores were collected at Baseline (prior to study drug) and at multiple time points up to 48 hours after Time 0 (administration of first dose of study drug). Pain intensity difference is calculated by subtracting the pain intensity at each time point from the pain intensity at Time 0. The SPID scores are the sum of the differences at each time point multiplied by the duration in hours since the previous time point. Positive numbers indicate a reduction in pain \[maximum (max)=10 at each time point\] and negative numbers indicate an increase in pain \[minimum (min)=-10 at each time point\]. The overall min and max are -10 and 10 times the number of hours specified; SPID-48 range is -480 to 480. The NRS SPID-48 was analyzed using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model, which included treatment and site as main effects and Baseline pain intensity as the covariate.
Time frame: Baseline and 0 to 48 hours after Time 0
Population: All randomized participants from the Intent-to-Treat (ITT) Population.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Buprenorphine 0.5 mg TID | Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) Summed Pain Intensity Difference (SPID) Over 0 to 48 Hours After Time 0 (NRS SPID-48) | 169.621 units on a scale | Standard Error 29.9942 |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg BID | Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) Summed Pain Intensity Difference (SPID) Over 0 to 48 Hours After Time 0 (NRS SPID-48) | 150.964 units on a scale | Standard Error 27.5418 |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg TID | Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) Summed Pain Intensity Difference (SPID) Over 0 to 48 Hours After Time 0 (NRS SPID-48) | 129.133 units on a scale | Standard Error 29.3429 |
| Placebo | Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) Summed Pain Intensity Difference (SPID) Over 0 to 48 Hours After Time 0 (NRS SPID-48) | 64.648 units on a scale | Standard Error 29.0597 |
p-value: 0.01295% CI: [25.13, 184.81]ANCOVA
p-value: 0.02895% CI: [9.94, 162.69]ANCOVA
p-value: 0.1195% CI: [-15.36, 144.33]ANCOVA
Secondary
NRS Mean Pain Intensity Difference (PID) at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0
Pain intensity was assessed by the participant using an 11-point NRS from 0=no pain to 10=worst possible pain. Pain intensity scores were collected at Baseline (prior to study drug administration) and at multiple time points up to 48 hours after Time 0 (time of administration of the first dose of study drug). NRS PID is defined as the difference in pain at each scheduled timepoint relative to Baseline (PID=pain intensity at baseline - pain intensity at time point). A higher value of NRS PID score indicates a higher decrease in pain from Baseline.
Time frame: Baseline and 4, 8, 24 and 48 hours after Time 0
Population: All randomized participants from the ITT Population with data available at each timepoint.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buprenorphine 0.5 mg TID | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Difference (PID) at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 4 Hours | 4.7 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.73 |
| Buprenorphine 0.5 mg TID | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Difference (PID) at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 8 Hours | 3.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.41 |
| Buprenorphine 0.5 mg TID | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Difference (PID) at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 24 Hours | 5.5 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.76 |
| Buprenorphine 0.5 mg TID | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Difference (PID) at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 48 Hours | 6.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.03 |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg BID | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Difference (PID) at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 8 Hours | 4.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.97 |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg BID | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Difference (PID) at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 24 Hours | 3.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.16 |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg BID | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Difference (PID) at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 48 Hours | 4.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.39 |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg BID | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Difference (PID) at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 4 Hours | 3.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.01 |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg TID | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Difference (PID) at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 24 Hours | 3.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.81 |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg TID | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Difference (PID) at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 8 Hours | 3.9 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.28 |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg TID | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Difference (PID) at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 48 Hours | 4.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.8 |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg TID | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Difference (PID) at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 4 Hours | 3.8 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.94 |
| Placebo | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Difference (PID) at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 48 Hours | 3.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.64 |
| Placebo | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Difference (PID) at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 8 Hours | 1.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.99 |
| Placebo | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Difference (PID) at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 4 Hours | 1.6 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.33 |
| Placebo | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Difference (PID) at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 24 Hours | 2.6 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.94 |
Secondary
NRS Mean Pain Intensity Score at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0
Pain intensity was assessed by the participant using an 11-point NRS from 0=no pain to 10=worst possible pain. Pain intensity scores were collected at Baseline (prior to study drug administration) and at multiple time points up to 48 hours after Time 0 (time of administration of the first dose of study drug). A lower value indicates improvement in pain.
Time frame: 4, 8, 24 and 48 hours after Time 0
Population: All randomized participants from the ITT Population with data available at each timepoint.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buprenorphine 0.5 mg TID | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Score at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 24 Hours | 1.8 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.47 |
| Buprenorphine 0.5 mg TID | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Score at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 8 Hours | 3.5 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.14 |
| Buprenorphine 0.5 mg TID | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Score at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 4 Hours | 2.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.49 |
| Buprenorphine 0.5 mg TID | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Score at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 48 Hours | 1.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.89 |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg BID | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Score at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 8 Hours | 2.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3 |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg BID | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Score at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 4 Hours | 2.9 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.08 |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg BID | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Score at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 24 Hours | 3.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.55 |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg BID | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Score at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 48 Hours | 2.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.76 |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg TID | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Score at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 4 Hours | 4.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.87 |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg TID | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Score at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 24 Hours | 4.6 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.07 |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg TID | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Score at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 8 Hours | 3.9 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.42 |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg TID | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Score at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 48 Hours | 3.9 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.42 |
| Placebo | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Score at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 8 Hours | 5.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.64 |
| Placebo | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Score at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 24 Hours | 3.9 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.8 |
| Placebo | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Score at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 48 Hours | 3.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.11 |
| Placebo | NRS Mean Pain Intensity Score at 4, 8, 24 and 48 Hours After Time 0 | 4 Hours | 4.9 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.14 |
Secondary
NRS SPID Over 0 to 24 Hours After Time 0 (NRS SPID-24)
Pain intensity was assessed by the participant using an 11-point NRS from 0=no pain to 10=worst possible pain. Pain intensity scores were collected at Baseline (prior to study drug) and at multiple time points up to 24 hours after Time 0 (administration of first dose of study drug). Pain intensity difference is calculated by subtracting the pain intensity at each time point from the pain intensity at Time 0. The SPID scores are the sum of the differences at each time point multiplied by the duration in hours since the previous time point. Positive numbers indicate a reduction in pain \[maximum (max)=10 at each time point\] and negative numbers indicate an increase in pain \[minimum (min)=-10 at each time point\]. The overall min and max are -10 and 10 times the number of hours specified; SPID-24 range is -240 to 240. The NRS SPID-24 was analyzed using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model, which included treatment and site as main effects and Baseline pain intensity as the covariate.
Time frame: Baseline and 0 to 24 hours after Time 0
Population: ITT Population included all participants who were randomized.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Buprenorphine 0.5 mg TID | NRS SPID Over 0 to 24 Hours After Time 0 (NRS SPID-24) | 83.668 units on a scale | Standard Error 14.0612 |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg BID | NRS SPID Over 0 to 24 Hours After Time 0 (NRS SPID-24) | 70.071 units on a scale | Standard Error 12.9115 |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg TID | NRS SPID Over 0 to 24 Hours After Time 0 (NRS SPID-24) | 76.666 units on a scale | Standard Error 13.7558 |
| Placebo | NRS SPID Over 0 to 24 Hours After Time 0 (NRS SPID-24) | 19.787 units on a scale | Standard Error 13.6231 |
p-value: 0.00195% CI: [26.45, 101.31]ANCOVA
p-value: 0.00795% CI: [14.48, 86.09]ANCOVA
p-value: 0.00495% CI: [19.45, 94.31]ANCOVA
Secondary
NRS SPID Over 0 to 4 Hours After Time 0 (NRS SPID-4)
Pain intensity was assessed by the participant using an 11-point NRS from 0=no pain to 10=worst possible pain. Pain intensity scores were collected at Baseline (prior to study drug) and at multiple time points up to 4 hours after Time 0 (administration of first dose of study drug). Pain intensity difference is calculated by subtracting the pain intensity at each time point from the pain intensity at Time 0. The SPID scores are the sum of the differences at each time point multiplied by the duration in hours since the previous time point. Positive numbers indicate a reduction in pain \[maximum (max)=10 at each time point\] and negative numbers indicate an increase in pain \[minimum (min)=-10 at each time point\]. The overall min and max are -10 and 10 times the number of hours specified; SPID-4 range is -40 to 40. The NRS SPID-4 was analyzed using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model, which included treatment and site as main effects and Baseline pain intensity as the covariate.
Time frame: Baseline and 0 to 4 hours after Time 0
Population: ITT Population included all participants who were randomized.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Buprenorphine 0.5 mg TID | NRS SPID Over 0 to 4 Hours After Time 0 (NRS SPID-4) | 11.430 units on a scale | Standard Error 3.6221 |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg BID | NRS SPID Over 0 to 4 Hours After Time 0 (NRS SPID-4) | 5.088 units on a scale | Standard Error 3.3259 |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg TID | NRS SPID Over 0 to 4 Hours After Time 0 (NRS SPID-4) | 7.095 units on a scale | Standard Error 3.5434 |
| Placebo | NRS SPID Over 0 to 4 Hours After Time 0 (NRS SPID-4) | -2.968 units on a scale | Standard Error 3.5092 |
p-value: 0.00595% CI: [4.76, 24.04]ANCOVA
p-value: 0.08595% CI: [-1.17, 17.28]ANCOVA
p-value: 0.04195% CI: [0.42, 19.7]ANCOVA
Secondary
NRS SPID Over 0 to 8 Hours After Time 0 (NRS SPID-8)
Pain intensity was assessed by the participant using an 11-point NRS from 0=no pain to 10=worst possible pain. Pain intensity scores were collected at Baseline (prior to study drug) and at multiple time points up to 8 hours after Time 0 (administration of first dose of study drug). Pain intensity difference is calculated by subtracting the pain intensity at each time point from the pain intensity at Time 0. The SPID scores are the sum of the differences at each time point multiplied by the duration in hours since the previous time point. Positive numbers indicate a reduction in pain \[maximum (max)=10 at each time point\] and negative numbers indicate an increase in pain \[minimum (min)=-10 at each time point\]. The overall min and max are -10 and 10 times the number of hours specified; SPID-8 range is -80 to 80. The NRS SPID-8 was analyzed using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model, which included treatment and site as main effects and Baseline pain intensity as the covariate.
Time frame: Baseline and 0 to 8 hours after Time 0
Population: ITT Population included all randomized participants.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Buprenorphine 0.5 mg TID | NRS SPID Over 0 to 8 Hours After Time 0 (NRS SPID-8) | 24.283 units on a scale | Standard Error 6.2667 |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg BID | NRS SPID Over 0 to 8 Hours After Time 0 (NRS SPID-8) | 19.223 units on a scale | Standard Error 5.7543 |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg TID | NRS SPID Over 0 to 8 Hours After Time 0 (NRS SPID-8) | 19.761 units on a scale | Standard Error 6.1306 |
| Placebo | NRS SPID Over 0 to 8 Hours After Time 0 (NRS SPID-8) | -2.382 units on a scale | Standard Error 6.0715 |
p-value: 395% CI: [9.98, 43.35]ANCOVA
p-value: 0.00995% CI: [5.65, 37.56]ANCOVA
p-value: 0.01195% CI: [5.46, 38.83]ANCOVA
Secondary
Percentage of Participants Who Used Rescue Medication for Pain
The percentage of participants who needed to take an alternate medication for pain relief during the study.
Time frame: From Time 0 (first dose of study drug) up to Day 9
Population: ITT Population included all participants who were randomized.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Buprenorphine 0.5 mg TID | Percentage of Participants Who Used Rescue Medication for Pain | 44.4 percentage of participants |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg BID | Percentage of Participants Who Used Rescue Medication for Pain | 54.5 percentage of participants |
| Buprenorphine 1.0 mg TID | Percentage of Participants Who Used Rescue Medication for Pain | 60.0 percentage of participants |
| Placebo | Percentage of Participants Who Used Rescue Medication for Pain | 100 percentage of participants |