Anemia
Conditions
Keywords
iron deficiency
Brief summary
Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) affects approximately 4.7 million of people in the UK, with children and pre-menopausal women being at higher risk (1). Each year more than 6.8 million prescriptions for oral iron are filled in England alone (NHS Information Centre data). However, gastrointestinal symptoms limit adherence in 10-30% of otherwise healthy patients (2-4) and in up to 50% of patients with gastrointestinal disorders (5). Simple ferrous iron salts constitute the vast majority of currently prescribed oral iron because these are cheap and well absorbed. However, they are also poorly tolerated and thus, we believe, are expensive to the NHS. Funded by the Medical Research Council, we have developed an alternative oral iron supplement, that we name IHAT (iron hydroxide adipate tartrate), as an efficacious therapy for IDA with minimal side-effects. In the study proposed here we aim to assess the total health cost associated with current oral iron supplements and, hence, define the clinical unmet need for alternative treatments. We will use Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD data to (i) estimate the pattern of prescribing to oral iron in primary care in the general population and (ii) develop a health economics model in pre-menopausal women. These data will provide evidence for the total health system costs associated with current oral iron treatment. Furthermore, this study will provide data from which the cost-effectiveness and total health system costs of alternative effective and treatments with minimal side-effects could be estimated.
Detailed description
Our research objective is to gather evidence for the unmet clinical need for safe, low-side-effect oral iron in the UK. To achieve this objective we aim to determine: 1. Pattern of prescribing to oral iron in primary care in GP practices in England: estimate prescription rates, efficacy and intolerance of treatment with all forms of currently prescribed oral iron. 2. Health economics of the use of ferrous iron salts in primary care: estimate patterns of individual response to treatment; determine the costs of ferrous iron (sulphate, fumarate and gluconate) therapy in pre-menopausal women in primary care, and develop a cost-effectiveness model for alternative treatments with minimal side-effects.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENToral iron
BNF code for section 9.1.1.1 (Oral iron preparations for iron-deficiency anaemias)
Sponsors
University of Cambridge
Bangor University
University of Oxford
dora pereira
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* patients prescribed oral iron in primary care practices included in the UK CPRD database
Exclusion criteria
* N/A
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Prescription rate | 12 months | number of prescriptions of iron supplements issued at the patient level in the year |
| Health Economics Modelling | 10 years | In this analysis we will determine the following to parameterise the model that will be based on the cohort study over a 10 years period: i) Frequency of repeat oral iron prescriptions, ii) Number of hospital admissions, i) Incidence of gastrointestinal side-effects, ii) Treatment cessation rate iii) Haemoglobin changes The basis for the model will be the above data extracted from the CPRD, further informed by publicly available clinical trial data. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Efficacy | 12 months | increase in Hb of at least 2 g/dL or to \>12 g/dL |
| Gastrointestinal intolerance | 12 months | At least one event of i. change in product; ii. reduction in dose; iii cessation of treatment with no improvement in Hb during the 12 months |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed