Physiological Changes in Deliberate Apnea
Conditions
Brief summary
Former studies revealed a distinct pattern of changes in circulation during deliberate apnea. Blood pressure rises significantly often accompanied by bradycardia. Further studies confirmed a massive increase of total vascular resistance as it also happens in shock to maintain perfusion of heart, lung and brain. This study is to determine the exact alterations of the cardiac function during this reaction, show the redistribution of blood volume in apnea and evaluate possible longterm effects on the central nervous system caused by repeated apnea via magnetic resonance imaging.
Interventions
DEVICEmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Sponsors
University Hospital, Bonn
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
16 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Being able to hold breath deliberately at least 4,5 minutes
Exclusion criteria
\-
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiac Function: Duration of Apnea | every minute under apnea (from 0 up to 9 minutes and rest) depending on personal best with a mean of 5 measurements | Alteration of cardiac function in subjects undergoing maximum apnea. |
| Mean Blood Flow Measurement Under Apnea Using MRI | Every minute under apnea (from 0 up to 9 minutes and rest) depending on personal best with a mean of 5 measurements | Blood flow pattern in subjects undergoing maximum apnea. |
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Deliberate Apnea Group Subjects undergo maximum apnea.
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | 17 |
| Total | 17 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Deliberate Apnea Group | — |
|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 40 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11 | — |
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | — | — Participants |
| Region of Enrollment Germany | 16 participants | — |
| Region of Enrollment Switzerland | 1 participants | — |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 2 Participants | — |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 15 Participants | — |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 0 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 0 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 0 |
Outcome results
Primary
Cardiac Function: Duration of Apnea
Alteration of cardiac function in subjects undergoing maximum apnea.
Time frame: every minute under apnea (from 0 up to 9 minutes and rest) depending on personal best with a mean of 5 measurements
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deliberate Apnea Group | Cardiac Function: Duration of Apnea | 483 sec | Standard Deviation 582 |
Primary
Mean Blood Flow Measurement Under Apnea Using MRI
Blood flow pattern in subjects undergoing maximum apnea.
Time frame: Every minute under apnea (from 0 up to 9 minutes and rest) depending on personal best with a mean of 5 measurements
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deliberate Apnea Group | Mean Blood Flow Measurement Under Apnea Using MRI | 82 ml/s | Standard Deviation 27 |