Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Conditions
Brief summary
This study was an open-label extension study to determine the long-term safety and tolerability of ralinepag in subjects with World Health Organization (WHO) Group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) who have completed Study APD811-003, or who were assigned to receive placebo and were discontinued due to clinical worsening.
Detailed description
This study was an open-label extension study to determine the long-term safety and tolerability of ralinepag in subjects with WHO Group 1 PAH who completed Study APD811-003. Subjects who completed Study APD811-003 and met eligibility criteria for Study APD811-007 were enrolled. Additionally, placebo-treated subjects who discontinued study drug treatment due to clinical worsening in Study APD811-003 were permitted to enroll in Study APD811-007, upon approval of the medical monitor, provided that all end of study procedures including right heart catheterization (RHC) were performed per the study protocol. The Week 25 Visit in Study APD811-003 served as the Baseline Visit for Study APD811-007. All subjects enrolled in Study APD811-007 received open-label treatment with ralinepag. The starting dose and titration schedule were individually determined and in accordance with the starting dose and titration schedule optimized from Study APD811-003. Adjustments in the dose and titration schedule were made according to subject tolerability. After an individual subject completed Study APD811-003 and that subject's database was locked, subject unblinding occurred. Subjects on active treatment (ralinepag) remained on their current dose and had onsite clinical assessments performed every 3 months until the subject was discontinued from the study. Subjects in the placebo treatment group underwent a dose titration period until a stable, maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was reached (up to 9 weeks), followed by a treatment period after the MTD was determined during which monthly onsite clinic assessments were performed for the first 3 months and then every 3 months until the subject was discontinued from the study or the study was terminated. Dose reductions could be made at any time for safety reasons. Incremental dose increases were also allowed during the Treatment Period at the discretion of the Investigator (as clinically indicated) and according to the stepwise titration scheme. Subjects were assessed for clinical worsening during each clinic visit. If clinical worsening was confirmed, the Investigator could have opted to either continue treatment with ralinepag at the current dose, increase the dose of ralinepag, interrupt treatment, or discontinue the subject at his/her discretion. In addition, attempts were made to contact all subjects at the time of Study APD811-007 termination to assess their vital (mortality) status. After the last subject enrolled in Study APD811-007 completed approximately 6 months of the study, a cumulative all-subject data analysis was performed for all subjects who entered the study. Subjects continued to have visits to the clinic every 3 months until the Sponsor discontinued the study. At the time of the Sponsor's decision to discontinue the study, all ongoing subjects completed an End of Study Visit. A 28-day Follow-up Visit was conducted to ensure appropriate subject safety. Subjects who remained on ralinepag were eligible to transition into the Phase 3 open-label extension study (ROR-PH-303) prior to APD811-007 study termination. For those subjects that did not enroll in Study ROR-PH-303, a 28-day Follow-up Visit was conducted to evaluate ongoing subject safety, including survival status.
Interventions
DRUGRalinepag
Active
Sponsors
United Therapeutics
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 75 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Evidence of a personally signed and dated informed consent document. * Was willing and able to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plan, laboratory tests, and other study procedures and was deemed an appropriate candidate for participation in a long-term extension study. * Female subjects were nonpregnant, nonlactating, surgically sterile or postmenopausal, or agreed to use an accepted method of birth control for at least 3 months prior to the first dose, during, and for at least 30 days after the last dose of study drug. * Male subjects were either surgically sterile or agreed to use a condom with spermicide when sexually active with a female partner who was not using an acceptable method of birth control during the study and for 30 days after the last dose of study drug. * Male and female subjects agreed not to participate in a conception process during the study and for 30 days after the last dose of study drug. * Fulfilled all eligibility criteria for Study APD811-003 and completed the study as planned. Subjects who were assigned to placebo in Study APD811-003 and experienced clinical worsening in that study could enroll in Study APD811-007 after completing all end of study procedures per protocol, including RHC, for Study APD811-003 and had their data locked.
Exclusion criteria
* Subjects who enrolled in Study APD811-003 and were withdrawn from study drug treatment due to any adverse event (AE), serious adverse event (SAE), or subjects who did not complete Study APD811003, with the exception made for placebo-treated subjects who experienced a clinical worsening event. * Female •subjects who wished to become pregnant. * Systolic blood pressure \<90 mmHg at Baseline. * Other severe acute or chronic medical or laboratory abnormalities that could have increased the risk associated with study participation or investigational product administration or interfered with the interpretation of study results and, in the judgment of the investigator, would have made the subject inappropriate for entry into this study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline in Pulmonary Vascular Resistance | At 1 or 2 years after the subject enrolled into the study, pending their last RHC prior to Protocol Amendment 2. | Pulmonary vascular resistance was collected by right heart catheterization (RHC). |
| Change From Baseline in Cardiac Output | At 1 or 2 years after the subject enrolled into the study, pending their last RHC prior to Protocol Amendment 2. | Cardiac output was collected by right heart catheterization (RHC). |
| Change From Baseline in Cardiac Index | At 1 or 2 years after the subject enrolled into the study, pending their last RHC prior to Protocol Amendment 2. | Cardiac index was collected by right heart catheterization (RHC). |
| Change From Baseline in Mean Pulmonary Arterial Pressure | At 1 or 2 years after the subject enrolled into the study, pending their last RHC prior to Protocol Amendment 2. | Mean pulmonary arterial pressure was collected by right heart catheterization (RHC). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline in 6MWD | From Baseline to discontinuation of study drug, up to 235 weeks | 6MWD was measured at Baseline (prior to starting study drug) and every 3 months thereafter including the End of Study Visit. |
| Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | From Baseline to 28 days following discontinuation of study drug, up to 235 weeks | WHO/NYHA FC was measured at Baseline (prior to starting study drug) and every 3 months thereafter including at the End of Study and 28-Day Follow-up Visits. FC recorded as I, II, III, or IV based on the following: I: PH but without limitation of physical activity; physical activity without undue dyspnea or fatigue, chest pain or near syncope. II: PH with slight limitation of physical activity; physical activity causes undue dyspnea or fatigue, chest pain or near syncope. III: PH with marked limitation of physical activity; less than ordinary activity causes undue dyspnea or fatigue, chest pain or near syncope. IV: PH with inability to carry out any physical activity without symptoms. Signs of right heart failure. Dyspnea and/or fatigue at rest. Discomfort is increased by any physical activity. |
| Time From Randomization to the First Protocol-defined Clinical Worsening Event | From Baseline to 28 days following discontinuation of study drug, up to 235 weeks. | Clinical worsening events were defined as death, or onset of a treatment-emergent adverse event (AE) with a fatal outcome occurring ≤14 days after treatment discontinuation; hospitalization for worsening PAH, heart-lung or lung transplant, or atrial septostomy; necessity of addition (or dose change) of any prostacyclin/prostacyclin analogue, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5-I) or soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), or endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA); and the combined occurrence of a decrease in 6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) by at least 20% from Baseline, confirmed on two 6-Minute Walk Tests (6MWTs) on different days; worsening in WHO/New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class (FC) from Baseline; and appearance of or worsening of signs/symptoms of right heart failure that did not respond to optimized oral diuretic therapy. |
Countries
Australia, Bulgaria, Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Oral Ralinepag Ralinepag IR capsules of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 100 mcg or XR tablets of 50, 250, and 400 mcg for oral administration were provided. The starting dose and titration schedule were determined for each subject in accordance with the starting dose and titration schedule optimized from Study APD811-003. Subjects in the placebo treatment group in Study APD811-003 underwent a dose titration period (up to 9 weeks) with ralinepag until a stable MTD was reached.
Ralinepag: Active | 45 |
| Total | 45 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Adverse Event | 7 |
| Overall Study | Clinical Worsening as Defined by Protocol | 2 |
| Overall Study | Death | 6 |
| Overall Study | Did Not Transition to Study ROR-PH-303 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Pregnancy | 1 |
| Overall Study | Study Non-compliance | 1 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 2 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Oral Ralinepag |
|---|---|
| 6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) at Baseline | 425.0 meters |
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 6 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 39 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 51.0 years |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 1 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 44 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Etiology of PAH Drug or Toxin Induced PAH | 2 Participants |
| Etiology of PAH Heritable PAH | 4 Participants |
| Etiology of PAH Idiopathic PAH | 23 Participants |
| Etiology of PAH PAH Associated with Other Disease | 16 Participants |
| N-terminal Pro-brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) at Baseline | 357.60 pg/mL |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 42 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 39 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 6 Participants |
| Time Since Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) Diagnosis | 2.30 years |
| World Health Organization (WHO) Functional Class at Baseline I | 3 Participants |
| World Health Organization (WHO) Functional Class at Baseline II | 32 Participants |
| World Health Organization (WHO) Functional Class at Baseline III | 10 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 8 / 45 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 45 / 45 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 21 / 45 |
Outcome results
Primary
Change From Baseline in Cardiac Index
Cardiac index was collected by right heart catheterization (RHC).
Time frame: At 1 or 2 years after the subject enrolled into the study, pending their last RHC prior to Protocol Amendment 2.
Population: The number of subjects varied at post-baseline assessments due to the timing of the assessments relative to the subjects' time on study drug.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in Cardiac Index | 0.0 L/min/m2 |
Primary
Change From Baseline in Cardiac Output
Cardiac output was collected by right heart catheterization (RHC).
Time frame: At 1 or 2 years after the subject enrolled into the study, pending their last RHC prior to Protocol Amendment 2.
Population: The number of subjects varied at post-baseline assessments due to the timing of the assessments relative to the subjects' time on study drug.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in Cardiac Output | -0.0 L/min |
Primary
Change From Baseline in Mean Pulmonary Arterial Pressure
Mean pulmonary arterial pressure was collected by right heart catheterization (RHC).
Time frame: At 1 or 2 years after the subject enrolled into the study, pending their last RHC prior to Protocol Amendment 2.
Population: The number of subjects varied at post-baseline assessments due to the timing of the assessments relative to the subjects' time on study drug.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in Mean Pulmonary Arterial Pressure | -2.0 mmHg |
Primary
Change From Baseline in Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
Pulmonary vascular resistance was collected by right heart catheterization (RHC).
Time frame: At 1 or 2 years after the subject enrolled into the study, pending their last RHC prior to Protocol Amendment 2.
Population: The number of subjects varied at post-baseline assessments due to the timing of the assessments relative to the subjects' time on study drug.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in Pulmonary Vascular Resistance | -52.2 dynes.sec/cm5 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline in 6MWD
6MWD was measured at Baseline (prior to starting study drug) and every 3 months thereafter including the End of Study Visit.
Time frame: From Baseline to discontinuation of study drug, up to 235 weeks
Population: The number of subjects varied from month to month based on total study population at the time of each visit.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in 6MWD | Month 27 | 38.5 meters |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in 6MWD | Month 30 | 21.0 meters |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in 6MWD | Month 33 | 17.0 meters |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in 6MWD | Month 36 | 47.0 meters |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in 6MWD | Month 39 | 24.0 meters |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in 6MWD | Month 42 | 53.0 meters |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in 6MWD | Month 45 | 20.5 meters |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in 6MWD | Month 48 | 1.0 meters |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in 6MWD | Month 51 | -120 meters |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in 6MWD | Month 24 | 41.0 meters |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in 6MWD | Month 3 | 20.9 meters |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in 6MWD | Month 6 | 17.6 meters |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in 6MWD | Month 9 | 22.8 meters |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in 6MWD | Month 12 | 28.5 meters |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in 6MWD | Month 15 | 16.2 meters |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in 6MWD | Month 18 | 16.0 meters |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in 6MWD | Month 21 | 32.0 meters |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in 6MWD | End of Study (Time of Discontinuation of Study by Sponsor) | 37.0 meters |
Secondary
Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC
WHO/NYHA FC was measured at Baseline (prior to starting study drug) and every 3 months thereafter including at the End of Study and 28-Day Follow-up Visits. FC recorded as I, II, III, or IV based on the following: I: PH but without limitation of physical activity; physical activity without undue dyspnea or fatigue, chest pain or near syncope. II: PH with slight limitation of physical activity; physical activity causes undue dyspnea or fatigue, chest pain or near syncope. III: PH with marked limitation of physical activity; less than ordinary activity causes undue dyspnea or fatigue, chest pain or near syncope. IV: PH with inability to carry out any physical activity without symptoms. Signs of right heart failure. Dyspnea and/or fatigue at rest. Discomfort is increased by any physical activity.
Time frame: From Baseline to 28 days following discontinuation of study drug, up to 235 weeks
Population: The number of subjects varied from month to month based on total study population at the time of each visit.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 3 | Improved | 1 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 3 | No Change | 43 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 3 | Deteriorated | 0 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 6 | Improved | 2 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 6 | No Change | 37 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 6 | Deteriorated | 3 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 9 | Improved | 1 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 9 | No Change | 36 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 9 | Deteriorated | 3 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 12 | Improved | 0 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 12 | No Change | 37 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 12 | Deteriorated | 2 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 15 | Improved | 0 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 15 | No Change | 33 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 15 | Deteriorated | 3 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 18 | Improved | 2 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 18 | No Change | 31 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 18 | Deteriorated | 1 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 21 | Improved | 0 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 21 | No Change | 30 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 21 | Deteriorated | 4 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 24 | Improved | 2 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 24 | No Change | 28 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 24 | Deteriorated | 3 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 27 | Improved | 2 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 27 | No Change | 28 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 27 | Deteriorated | 2 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 30 | Improved | 2 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 30 | No Change | 23 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 30 | Deteriorated | 4 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 33 | Improved | 1 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 33 | No Change | 21 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 33 | Deteriorated | 3 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 36 | Improved | 1 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 36 | No Change | 13 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 36 | Deteriorated | 2 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 39 | Improved | 1 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 39 | No Change | 11 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 39 | Deteriorated | 1 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 42 | Improved | 0 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 42 | No Change | 10 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 42 | Deteriorated | 1 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 45 | Improved | 1 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 45 | No Change | 6 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 45 | Deteriorated | 1 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 48 | Improved | 1 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 48 | No Change | 4 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 48 | Deteriorated | 0 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 51 | Improved | 0 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 51 | No Change | 2 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | Month 51 | Deteriorated | 0 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | End of Study (Time of Discontinuation of Study by Sponsor) | Improved | 2 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | End of Study (Time of Discontinuation of Study by Sponsor) | No Change | 29 Participants |
| Oral Ralinepag | Change From Baseline in WHO/NYHA FC | End of Study (Time of Discontinuation of Study by Sponsor) | Deteriorated | 4 Participants |
Secondary
Time From Randomization to the First Protocol-defined Clinical Worsening Event
Clinical worsening events were defined as death, or onset of a treatment-emergent adverse event (AE) with a fatal outcome occurring ≤14 days after treatment discontinuation; hospitalization for worsening PAH, heart-lung or lung transplant, or atrial septostomy; necessity of addition (or dose change) of any prostacyclin/prostacyclin analogue, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5-I) or soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), or endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA); and the combined occurrence of a decrease in 6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) by at least 20% from Baseline, confirmed on two 6-Minute Walk Tests (6MWTs) on different days; worsening in WHO/New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class (FC) from Baseline; and appearance of or worsening of signs/symptoms of right heart failure that did not respond to optimized oral diuretic therapy.
Time frame: From Baseline to 28 days following discontinuation of study drug, up to 235 weeks.
Population: Safety Population
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Oral Ralinepag | Time From Randomization to the First Protocol-defined Clinical Worsening Event | 56.50 weeks |