Appetite
Conditions
Keywords
Ad libitum energy intake, Appetite sensation
Brief summary
A 4 week double blinded parallel design with an intervention condition and a control condition will be employed. After having completed screening procedure and a baseline test day, participants will be randomized to either intervention or control condition. In the following 4 weeks, the participants will have to consume the distributed food product daily before completing another test day.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTOrange nectar
Orange nectar
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTOrange Nectar with fibre
Sponsors
University of Leeds
University of Liverpool
University of Copenhagen
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 55 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Participants who have provided written informed consent * BMI between 23.0-27.9 kg/m2 * Regular breakfast eaters (eating breakfast ≥ 4 times a week) * Regular menstrual periods
Exclusion criteria
* Significant health problems as judged by the investigator * Taking any medication or supplements known to affect appetite or body weight within the past month and/or during the study as judged by the investigator * Pregnant, planning to become pregnant within the next 4 weeks or breastfeeding * History of anaphylaxis to food * Any known food allergies or food intolerance, specifically the below listed: 1. Cereals containing gluten, namely: wheat, rye, barley, oats, spelt, kamut or their hybridised strains, and products thereof; 2. Crustaceans and products thereof; 3. Eggs and products thereof; 4. Fish and products thereof; 5. Peanuts and products thereof; 6. Soybeans and products thereof; 7. Milk and products thereof (including lactose); 8. Nuts, namely: almonds (Amygdalus communis L.), hazelnuts (Corylus avellana), walnuts (Juglans regia), cashews (Anacardium occidentale), pecan nuts (Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch), Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa), pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera), macadamia or Queensland nuts (Macadamia ternifolia), and products thereof, except for nuts used for making alcoholic distillates including ethyl alcohol of agricultural origin; 9. Celery and products thereof; 10. Mustard and products thereof; 11. Sesame seeds and products thereof; 12. Sulphur dioxide and sulphites; 13. Lupin 14. Molluscs * Smoking, smoking cessation within the past 3 months or nicotine use (electronic cigarettes) * Self-reporting currently dieting or having lost/gained significant amount of weight (±3 kg) in the previous 3 months * Significant changes in physical activity patterns in the past 4 weeks or intention to change during the study as judged by the investigator * Significant change in diet in the past 4 weeks or intention to change the diet during the study as judged by the investigator * Use of systemic or local treatment likely to interfere with evaluation of the study parameters as judged by the investigator * Participants who work in appetite or feeding related areas * Participants not able to comply with the study protocol * Post-menopausal
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| AD libitum energy intake | week0, week 4 |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| VAS score for appetite sensation | Week 0, week 4 | Perceptions of hunger, fullness, desire to eat, prospective consumption will be assessed using 100 mm VAS scales |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Eating behaviour | week 0 week 4 | Eating behaviour will be assessed by the binge eating scale from Gormally et al. 1982, the Control og Eating questionnaire by Hill et al. 1991, the Power og food scale by Lowe et al 2009, and the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire by Stunkard and Messick, 1985 |
Countries
Denmark
Outcome results
None listed