Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)
Conditions
Keywords
DMD, Duchenne, Eteplirsen, dystrophy, dystrophin, exon 51
Brief summary
The main objective of this study is to provide evidence of efficacy of eteplirsen (AVI-4658) in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients that are amenable to skipping exon 51. Additional objectives include evaluation of safety, biomarkers and the long-term effects of eteplirsen up to 96 weeks, followed by a safety extension (not to exceed 48 weeks).
Detailed description
This is an open-label, multi-center study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of eteplirsen in patients with genotypically confirmed Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) with genetic deletions amenable to exon 51 skipping (treated group), with a concurrent control arm of DMD patients not amenable to exon 51 skipping (untreated group). Following primary efficacy endpoints, dosing will continue to week 144 to evaluate the long term effects of eteplirsen. Patients in the treated group will receive once weekly intravenous (IV) infusions of 30 mg/kg Eteplirsen for 96 weeks, followed by a safety extension (not to exceed 48 weeks). Patients in the untreated group will not receive treatment. Clinical efficacy will be assessed at regularly scheduled study visits, including functional tests such as the six minute walk test. Patients in the treated group will undergo a muscle biopsy at Baseline and a second muscle biopsy over the course of the study. Patients in the untreated group will not undergo muscle biopsy. Safety, including adverse event monitoring and routine laboratory assessments, will be continuously monitored for all patients.
Interventions
Eteplirsen 30 mg/kg will be administered as an IV infusion once a week for 96 weeks, followed by a safety extension (not to exceed 48 weeks).
Sponsors
Study design
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
* Male 7-16 years old * Diagnosed with DMD, genotypically confirmed * Stable dose of corticosteroids for at least 24 weeks * Have intact right and left alternative upper muscle groups * Mean 6MWT greater than 300m (primary analysis on 300 to 450 meters) * Stable pulmonary and cardiac function: predicted FVC equal to or greater than 50% and LVEF of greater than 50%
Exclusion criteria
* Previous treatment with drisapersen or any other RNA antisense agent or any gene therapy within the last 6 months * Participation in any other DMD interventional clinical study within 12 weeks * Major surgery within 3 months * Presence of other clinically significant illness * Major change in the physical therapy regime within 3 months Other inclusion/
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline in the 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT) Distance at Week 96 | Baseline, Week 96 | 6MWT was performed by standardized procedures for all participants. Participants were asked to walk a set course of 25 meters for 6 minutes (timed), and the distance walked (in meters) was recorded. Change from baseline in 6MWT distance at Week 96 was reported. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants Having Ability to Rise Independently From the Floor Determined Based on North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) at Week 96 | Week 96 | NSAA is a clinician-administered scale that rates participant performance on 17-items and included assessments of abilities such as 10-meter walk/run, rising from a sit to stand, standing on 1 leg, climbing a box step, descending a box step, rising from lying to sitting, rising from the floor, lifting the head, standing on heels, and jumping. For all activities, participants were graded as follows: 0 = unable to achieve goal independently; 1 = modified method but achieves goal independent of physical assistance from another and 2 = normal, no obvious modification of activity. Number of participants having ability to rise independently from the floor indicated by a NSAA Rise from floor sub score greater than 0 (unable to achieve goal independently) was reported. |
| Number of Participants Who Lost Ambulation (LOA) by Week 96 | Up to Week 96 | Number of participants who lost ambulation (LOA) by Week 96 was reported. Participant were considered non-ambulatory if each of the 3 conditions below were met: NSAA walk subscore was 0 (unable to achieve goal independently) on 2 consecutive days within a visit or NSAA was not done due to reason related to non-ambulation; 6MWT was not done with any reason related to permanent non-ambulation; and no later data showing this participant was still ambulatory. This was not required if non ambulatory status occurred at the time of early withdrawal or at the end of Week 96 assessment. NSAA is a 17-item scale to assess the participant's abilities; total score range from 0 (if all the activities are failed) to 34 (if all the activities are achieved) with higher scores indicating better performance on the assessment/ fully-independent function. |
| Change From Baseline in Dystrophin Protein Levels Determined by Western Blot at Week 96 | Baseline, Week 96 | Change from baseline in dystrophin protein levels (in muscle biopsy samples) were determined by Western blot. For each time point, 2 blocks of tissues were analyzed by Western blot, each with 2 replicates of gels to determine the dystrophin level as compared to a healthy individual (Percent Normal). The block average value from 2 replicate gels was computed. The overall average was calculated as the mean of the block average values. The overall average values were used for all analyses. In case only 1 gel was available for a block, then that value was used as the block average value. |
| Change From Baseline in North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) Total Scores at Week 96 | Baseline, Week 96 | NSAA is a clinician-administered scale that rates participant performance on 17-items and included assessments of abilities such as 10-meter walk/run, rising from a sit to stand, standing on 1 leg, climbing a box step, descending a box step, rising from lying to sitting, rising from the floor, lifting the head, standing on heels, and jumping. Participant were graded as follows: 0 = unable to achieve goal independently; 1 = modified method but achieves goal independent of physical assistance from another and 2 = normal, no obvious modification of activity. NSAA total score was derived by summing the scores for all the individual items and range from 0 (if all the activities are failed) to 34 (if all the activities are achieved) with higher scores indicating better performance on the assessment/ fully-independent function. |
| Change From Baseline in Dystrophin Intensity Levels Determined by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) at Week 96 | Baseline, Week 96 | Change from baseline in dystrophin intensity levels (in muscle biopsy samples) was determined by Immunohistochemistry. |
| Change From Baseline in Forced Vital Capacity Percent (FVC%) Predicted at Weeks 96 | Baseline, Week 96 | FVC is the total amount of air exhaled during the forced expiratory volume test that is measured during spirometry; and is the most important measurement of lung function. This test requires participant to breath into a tube connected to a machine that measures the amount of air that can be moved in and out of the lungs after taking an inhaled bronchodilator medicine which is used to dilate participant's bronchial (breathing) tubes. Percent of predicted FVC = (observed value) / (predicted value) \* 100%. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
The study was conducted at 40 sites in the United States.
Pre-assignment details
A total of 109 participants were enrolled in the study. Only 79 participants were treated and the remaining participants were not applicable for treatment as those participants assessed under Untreated arm.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Eteplirsen 30 mg/kg Participants with genotypically confirmed Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) with genetic deletions amenable to treatment by exon 51 skipping received Eteplirsen as an Intravenous (IV) infusion, at a dose of 30 milligram per kilogram (mg/kg) once weekly for 96 weeks. | 79 |
| Untreated Control Group (Non-exon 51 Amenable Participants) DMD participants with mutations amenable to skipping of any exon(s) except exon 51 did not receive any treatment, but completed study assessments up to 96 weeks. | 30 |
| Total | 109 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Participants enrolled into another study | 0 | 11 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 1 | 4 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Eteplirsen 30 mg/kg | Total | Untreated Control Group (Non-exon 51 Amenable Participants) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 9.1 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.04 | 9.0 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.96 | 8.8 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.76 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 7 Participants | 13 Participants | 6 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 71 Participants | 95 Participants | 24 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 5 Participants | 6 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 2 Participants | 2 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 2 Participants | 2 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 3 Participants | 6 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 67 Participants | 93 Participants | 26 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 79 Participants | 109 Participants | 30 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 79 Participants | 109 Participants | 30 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 79 | 0 / 30 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 78 / 79 | 24 / 30 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 11 / 79 | 2 / 30 |
Outcome results
Change From Baseline in the 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT) Distance at Week 96
6MWT was performed by standardized procedures for all participants. Participants were asked to walk a set course of 25 meters for 6 minutes (timed), and the distance walked (in meters) was recorded. Change from baseline in 6MWT distance at Week 96 was reported.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 96
Population: Primary efficacy set: all participants in the efficacy set (all participants in eteplirsen-treated and untreated control groups who had at least 1 post-baseline functional assessment) who had a Baseline 6MWT distance of 300 to 450 meters, inclusive. Here, Overall Number of Participants Analyzed=participants evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eteplirsen 30 mg/kg | Change From Baseline in the 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT) Distance at Week 96 | -117.91 meters | Standard Deviation 128.488 |
| Untreated Control Group (Non-exon 51 Amenable Participants) | Change From Baseline in the 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT) Distance at Week 96 | -133.56 meters | Standard Deviation 129.333 |
Change From Baseline in Dystrophin Intensity Levels Determined by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) at Week 96
Change from baseline in dystrophin intensity levels (in muscle biopsy samples) was determined by Immunohistochemistry.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 96
Population: Analysis Set consisted of a subset of participants who received at least 1 dose of eteplirsen and had both baseline and 1 post-dose muscle biopsy samples evaluable for dystrophin expression at Week 96. Here, Overall Number of Participants Analyzed signifies number of participants who were evaluable for this outcome measure. Data for this outcome measure was not planned to be collected and analyzed for the Untreated Control group.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eteplirsen 30 mg/kg | Change From Baseline in Dystrophin Intensity Levels Determined by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) at Week 96 | 0.030 Percent dystrophin positive fibers | Standard Deviation 0.036 |
Change From Baseline in Dystrophin Protein Levels Determined by Western Blot at Week 96
Change from baseline in dystrophin protein levels (in muscle biopsy samples) were determined by Western blot. For each time point, 2 blocks of tissues were analyzed by Western blot, each with 2 replicates of gels to determine the dystrophin level as compared to a healthy individual (Percent Normal). The block average value from 2 replicate gels was computed. The overall average was calculated as the mean of the block average values. The overall average values were used for all analyses. In case only 1 gel was available for a block, then that value was used as the block average value.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 96
Population: Analysis Set consisted of a subset of participants who received at least 1 dose of eteplirsen and had both baseline and 1 post-dose muscle biopsy samples evaluable for dystrophin expression at Week 96. Here, Overall Number of Participants Analyzed signifies number of participants who were evaluable for this outcome measure. Data for this outcome measure was not planned to be collected and analyzed for the Untreated Control group.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eteplirsen 30 mg/kg | Change From Baseline in Dystrophin Protein Levels Determined by Western Blot at Week 96 | 0.516 Percent Normal Dystrophin Protein Level | Standard Deviation 0.7236 |
Change From Baseline in Forced Vital Capacity Percent (FVC%) Predicted at Weeks 96
FVC is the total amount of air exhaled during the forced expiratory volume test that is measured during spirometry; and is the most important measurement of lung function. This test requires participant to breath into a tube connected to a machine that measures the amount of air that can be moved in and out of the lungs after taking an inhaled bronchodilator medicine which is used to dilate participant's bronchial (breathing) tubes. Percent of predicted FVC = (observed value) / (predicted value) \* 100%.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 96
Population: Primary efficacy set: all participants in the efficacy set (all participants in eteplirsen-treated and untreated control groups who had at least 1 post-baseline functional assessment) who had a Baseline 6MWT distance of 300 to 450 meters, inclusive. Here, Overall Number of Participants Analyzed=participants evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eteplirsen 30 mg/kg | Change From Baseline in Forced Vital Capacity Percent (FVC%) Predicted at Weeks 96 | -3.413 Percentage of predicted FVC | Standard Deviation 12.4011 |
| Untreated Control Group (Non-exon 51 Amenable Participants) | Change From Baseline in Forced Vital Capacity Percent (FVC%) Predicted at Weeks 96 | -2.461 Percentage of predicted FVC | Standard Deviation 9.6 |
Change From Baseline in North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) Total Scores at Week 96
NSAA is a clinician-administered scale that rates participant performance on 17-items and included assessments of abilities such as 10-meter walk/run, rising from a sit to stand, standing on 1 leg, climbing a box step, descending a box step, rising from lying to sitting, rising from the floor, lifting the head, standing on heels, and jumping. Participant were graded as follows: 0 = unable to achieve goal independently; 1 = modified method but achieves goal independent of physical assistance from another and 2 = normal, no obvious modification of activity. NSAA total score was derived by summing the scores for all the individual items and range from 0 (if all the activities are failed) to 34 (if all the activities are achieved) with higher scores indicating better performance on the assessment/ fully-independent function.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 96
Population: Primary efficacy: all participants in the efficacy set (all participants in eteplirsen-treated and untreated control groups who had at least 1 post-baseline functional assessment) who had a Baseline 6MWT distance of 300 to 450 meters, inclusive. Here, Overall Number of Participants Analyzed=participants evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eteplirsen 30 mg/kg | Change From Baseline in North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) Total Scores at Week 96 | -7.23 Unit on scale | Standard Deviation 5.173 |
| Untreated Control Group (Non-exon 51 Amenable Participants) | Change From Baseline in North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) Total Scores at Week 96 | -8.44 Unit on scale | Standard Deviation 9.812 |
Number of Participants Having Ability to Rise Independently From the Floor Determined Based on North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) at Week 96
NSAA is a clinician-administered scale that rates participant performance on 17-items and included assessments of abilities such as 10-meter walk/run, rising from a sit to stand, standing on 1 leg, climbing a box step, descending a box step, rising from lying to sitting, rising from the floor, lifting the head, standing on heels, and jumping. For all activities, participants were graded as follows: 0 = unable to achieve goal independently; 1 = modified method but achieves goal independent of physical assistance from another and 2 = normal, no obvious modification of activity. Number of participants having ability to rise independently from the floor indicated by a NSAA Rise from floor sub score greater than 0 (unable to achieve goal independently) was reported.
Time frame: Week 96
Population: Primary efficacy set: all participants in the efficacy set (all participants in eteplirsen-treated and untreated control groups who had at least 1 post-baseline functional assessment) who had a Baseline 6MWT distance of 300 to 450 meters, inclusive. Here, Overall Number of Participants Analyzed=participants evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Eteplirsen 30 mg/kg | Number of Participants Having Ability to Rise Independently From the Floor Determined Based on North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) at Week 96 | 33 Participants |
| Untreated Control Group (Non-exon 51 Amenable Participants) | Number of Participants Having Ability to Rise Independently From the Floor Determined Based on North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) at Week 96 | 3 Participants |
Number of Participants Who Lost Ambulation (LOA) by Week 96
Number of participants who lost ambulation (LOA) by Week 96 was reported. Participant were considered non-ambulatory if each of the 3 conditions below were met: NSAA walk subscore was 0 (unable to achieve goal independently) on 2 consecutive days within a visit or NSAA was not done due to reason related to non-ambulation; 6MWT was not done with any reason related to permanent non-ambulation; and no later data showing this participant was still ambulatory. This was not required if non ambulatory status occurred at the time of early withdrawal or at the end of Week 96 assessment. NSAA is a 17-item scale to assess the participant's abilities; total score range from 0 (if all the activities are failed) to 34 (if all the activities are achieved) with higher scores indicating better performance on the assessment/ fully-independent function.
Time frame: Up to Week 96
Population: Primary efficacy set consisted of all participants in the efficacy set (all participants in eteplirsen-treated and untreated control groups who had at least 1 post-baseline functional assessment) who had a Baseline 6MWT distance of 300 to 450 meters, inclusive.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Eteplirsen 30 mg/kg | Number of Participants Who Lost Ambulation (LOA) by Week 96 | 12 Participants |
| Untreated Control Group (Non-exon 51 Amenable Participants) | Number of Participants Who Lost Ambulation (LOA) by Week 96 | 1 Participants |