Acute Pain, Anxiety, Self Efficacy
Conditions
Keywords
complementary medicine, state anxiety, acute pain, self-efficacy, surgery, medical music intervention, nature therapy, relaxation technique
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of complementary therapies delivered via mobile technologies have a therapeutic effect on surgical patients' anxiety, pain, and self-efficacy in healing reports before, following, and at 10-day follow-up.
Detailed description
Patients scheduled for same-day surgery (SDS) often experience state anxiety, which may result in increased perceptions of pain and lower self-efficacy in healing. Complementary therapies (CT), such as relaxation technique, massage, guided imagery, and acupuncture have been shown to benefit patients undergoing surgery. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of audio relaxation technique (ART), music intervention (MI), nature video application with music (NVAM), and nature video application without music (NVA) delivered via mobile technologies on patients' state anxiety, pain perception, and perceived self-efficacy in healing. Methods A randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving 105 SDS patients, who were assigned to an ART (n = 25), MI (n = 25), NVAM (n = 15), NVA (n = 16), or a control group (n = 24) were assessed for state anxiety via the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), self-reported pain using the numeric rating scale (NRS), and self-efficacy with the general self-efficacy scale (GSE) four days prior to surgery, immediately prior and following the surgical intervention, and at day five post-operative.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALAudio Relaxation Technique
Audio relaxation technique created by an Icelandic Registered Nurse.
BEHAVIORALMedical Music Intervention
Audio recordings of non-lyrical relaxing music
BEHAVIORALNature Therapy without Music
Nature videos of the mountains, desert, Icelandic scenery, and ocean were provided via iPads for surgical patients
BEHAVIORALNature Therapy with Music
Nature videos of the mountains, forest, Icelandic landscape, and the ocean were provided via iPads for surgical patients
Sponsors
Fulbright
University of San Francisco
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
FACTORIAL
Primary purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 75 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Age range 18-75-years * English or Icelandic speaking * Cognitively alert and oriented to person, place, time, and situation * Intact visual and auditory senses
Exclusion criteria
* History of substance abuse * Chronic pain lasting more than six months * Use of narcotic medication for more than six months * Major psychiatric disorders * Taking prescribed medications for thought disorders * Having ophthalmology and/or auditory surgery or impairments
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline state anxiety via the State Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI) | Ten days | A randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving 105 SDS patients, who were assigned to an ART (n = 25), MI (n = 25), NVAM (n = 15), NVA (n = 16), or a control group (n = 24) were assessed for state anxiety via the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), self-reported pain using the numeric rating scale (NRS), and self-efficacy with the general self- efficacy scale (GSE) four days prior to surgery, immediately prior and following the surgical intervention, and at day five post-operative. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in baseline pain level using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) | Ten Days | A randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving 105 SDS patients, who were assigned to an ART (n = 25), MI (n = 25), NVAM (n = 15), NVA (n = 16), or a control group (n = 24) were assessed for state anxiety via the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), self-reported pain using the numeric rating scale (NRS), and self-efficacy with the general self- efficacy scale (GSE) four days prior to surgery, immediately prior and following the surgical intervention, and at day five post-operative. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in self-efficacy in healing using the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) | Ten Days | A randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving 105 SDS patients, who were assigned to an ART (n = 25), MI (n = 25), NVAM (n = 15), NVA (n = 16), or a control group (n = 24) were assessed for state anxiety via the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), self-reported pain using the numeric rating scale (NRS), and self-efficacy with the general self- efficacy scale (GSE) four days prior to surgery, immediately prior and following the surgical intervention, and at day five post-operative. |
Countries
Iceland
Outcome results
None listed