Skip to content

Doxycycline to Upgrade Organ Response in Light Chain (AL) Amyloidosis Trial

Doxycycline to Upgrade Organ Response in Light Chain (AL) Amyloidosis (DUAL) Trial: A Phase II Open Label Study of Oral Doxycycline Administered as an Adjunct to Plasma Cell Directed Therapy in Light Chain (AL) Amyloidosis

Status
Completed
Phases
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Source
ClinicalTrials.gov
Registry ID
NCT02207556
Acronym
DUAL
Enrollment
32
Registered
2014-08-04
Start date
2014-10-01
Completion date
2020-05-19
Last updated
2021-07-09

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Primary Systemic Amyloidosis

Keywords

AL amyloidosis, amyloidosis, light chain amyloidosis

Brief summary

In this study the investigators want to find out more about the addition of the antibiotic, doxycycline, to standard anti-amyloid therapy in people with amyloidosis. The investigators want to find out whether doxycycline improves the response to standard anti-amyloid therapy and whether it causes any problems (side effects).

Detailed description

Organ response to anti-plasma cell therapy in AL amyloidosis tends to lags behind hematologic response as chemotherapy may not clear pre-formed organ amyloid. Doxycycline has been shown to have inhibitory effects on amyloid fibril formation as well as de-fibrillogenic effects and shown to be beneficial in in vitro, murine models and other preclinical studies. The investigators will prospectively evaluate the safety and efficacy of doxycycline in AL amyloidosis patients when used in conjunction with anti-plasma cell chemotherapy.

Interventions

DRUGDoxycycline

Doxycycline will be continued until one of the following criteria is met: * Patient has completed 1 year of doxycycline therapy * Patient develops any grade 3-4 toxicity related to doxycycline use.

Sponsors

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
CollaboratorNIH
Medical College of Wisconsin
Lead SponsorOTHER

Study design

Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE

Eligibility

Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

1. Patients with biopsy proven AL amyloidosis. 2. Patients ≥ 18 years of age are eligible. 3. Patient must provide informed consent. 4. All patients must have measurable amyloid organ involvement of a vital organ (eg. heart, liver, kidneys). Localized amyloidosis will also be eligible as long as the amyloid involvement is radiologically measurable. 5. A negative pregnancy test will be required for all women of child bearing potential. Breast feeding is not permitted. 6. Patients who have previously been taking doxycycline will be eligible as long as there is no contraindication to stay on doxycycline 100 mg twice daily (BID) for 1 year in the opinion of the treating physician. 7. Creatinine clearance of \>25 ml/min.

Exclusion criteria

1. Patients with severe malabsorption syndrome precluding absorption of oral agents will be excluded. 2. Known intolerance or allergic reactions with doxycycline. 3. Previous chemotherapy for AL amyloidosis.

Design outcomes

Primary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Hematologic Response1 yearThis measure will record the number of subjects for each grade of response to therapy for subjects with Systematic Disease (hematologic) only. Hematologic response will be determined as follows. Complete response (CR) - Negative serum/urine immunofixation with normal Free Light Chain (FLC) ratio Very Good Partial Response (VGPR)- Difference between involved and uninvolved FLCs (dFLC) \< 40 mg/L Partial Response (PR)- dFLC decrease \> 50% No Response (NR)- less then PR.

Secondary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Amyloid Organ Response6 months and 1 yearThis measure is the number of subjects (systemic disease only) for each grade of response. Efficacy will be measured in heart, liver, or kidney. Heart N-terminal (NT)-proBNP response \>30% and \> 300 ng/L decrease in patients with baseline NT-proBNP ≥650 ng/L (Patients with progressively worsening renal function cannot be scored for NT-proBNP progression). Improvement by 2 New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes without an increase in diuretic use or in echocardiographic wall thickness ≥ 2 mm reduction in the interventricular septal thickness by echocardiogram or improvement of ejection fraction by ≥20%. Liver ≥50% decrease in an initially elevated alkaline phosphatase level, or Decrease in liver size by at least 2 cm by ultrasound. Kidney 50% reduction in 24-hour urine protein excretion (at least 0.5 g/day) without worsening of creatinine or creatinine clearance by 25% over baseline. Soft Tissue RECIST criteria will be used.
MortalityBaseline, 3 months, 6 months, 1 yearThe number of living subjects will be determined at Baseline, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year
Patient-reported Health Quality of LifeBaseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 monthsSubjects will complete the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health instrument, a 10-item standardized patient-reported outcome measure that provides global ratings of physical function, fatigue, pain, emotional distress to report on common domains of health-related quality of life. The survey comprises a series of 5-response Likert-style questions. For each question, a low score indicates lesser or absent symptom or condition and higher indicates more severe symptom or condition (e.g., 1= None to 5=Very severe). Automated scoring produces a T-score for each domain. This measure reports the physical health score. T-scores for this domain range from 16.2 to 67.7. Higher scores indicate poorer physical health.
Patient-reported Mental Quality of LifeBaseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 monthsSubjects will complete the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health instrument, a 10-item standardized patient-reported outcome measure that provides global ratings of physical function, fatigue, pain, emotional distress to report on common domains of health-related quality of life. The survey comprises a series of 5-response Likert-style questions. For each question, a low score indicates lesser or absent symptom or condition and higher indicates more severe symptom or condition (e.g., 1= None to 5=Very severe). Automated scoring produces a T-score for each domain. This measure reports the mental health score. T-scores for this domain range from 21.2 to 67.6. Higher scores indicate poorer mental health.

Countries

United States

Participant flow

Recruitment details

Subjects were stratified by the type of amyloidosis. Subjects with primarily organ-based disease were classified as Localized Disease), whereas subjects with hematologic disease were classified as Systematic Disease. Each population received the same intervention but assessment of the clinical outcomes used different classification categories.

Participants by arm

ArmCount
Doxycycline (Localized Disease)
Doxycycline will be administered at dose of 100mg orally twice daily for 1 year. Doxycycline: Doxycycline will be continued until one of the following criteria is met: * Patient has completed 1 year of doxycycline therapy * Patient develops any grade 3-4 toxicity related to doxycycline use.
7
Doxycycline (Systemic Disease)
Doxycycline will be administered at dose of 100mg orally twice daily for 1 year. Doxycycline: Doxycycline will be continued until one of the following criteria is met: * Patient has completed 1 year of doxycycline therapy * Patient develops any grade 3-4 toxicity related to doxycycline use.
25
Total32

Withdrawals & dropouts

PeriodReasonFG000FG001
Overall StudyDeath05
Overall StudyPhysician Decision10
Overall StudyWithdrawal by Subject10

Baseline characteristics

CharacteristicDoxycycline (Localized Disease)Doxycycline (Systemic Disease)Total
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
4 Participants9 Participants13 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
3 Participants16 Participants19 Participants
Age, Continuous61.3 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.6
65.5 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.4
62.5 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.5
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
7 Participants25 Participants32 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
0 Participants4 Participants4 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
7 Participants21 Participants28 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
7 participants25 participants32 participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
5 Participants9 Participants14 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
2 Participants16 Participants18 Participants

Adverse events

Event typeEG000
affected / at risk
EG001
affected / at risk
deaths
Total, all-cause mortality
0 / 55 / 25
other
Total, other adverse events
5 / 524 / 25
serious
Total, serious adverse events
1 / 513 / 25

Outcome results

Primary

Hematologic Response

This measure will record the number of subjects for each grade of response to therapy for subjects with Systematic Disease (hematologic) only. Hematologic response will be determined as follows. Complete response (CR) - Negative serum/urine immunofixation with normal Free Light Chain (FLC) ratio Very Good Partial Response (VGPR)- Difference between involved and uninvolved FLCs (dFLC) \< 40 mg/L Partial Response (PR)- dFLC decrease \> 50% No Response (NR)- less then PR.

Time frame: 1 year

Population: Hematologic response is not relevant to subjects with localized disease. Subjects with localized disease were not included in this analysis. Five participants had expired by the 1 year time point

ArmMeasureCategoryValue (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS)
Doxycycline (Systemic Disease)Hematologic ResponseComplete Response (CR)6 Participants
Doxycycline (Systemic Disease)Hematologic ResponsePartial Response (PR)3 Participants
Doxycycline (Systemic Disease)Hematologic ResponseVery Good Partial Response (VGPR)11 Participants
Doxycycline (Systemic Disease)Hematologic ResponseExpired at 1 year5 Participants
Secondary

Amyloid Organ Response

This measure is the number of subjects (systemic disease only) for each grade of response. Efficacy will be measured in heart, liver, or kidney. Heart N-terminal (NT)-proBNP response \>30% and \> 300 ng/L decrease in patients with baseline NT-proBNP ≥650 ng/L (Patients with progressively worsening renal function cannot be scored for NT-proBNP progression). Improvement by 2 New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes without an increase in diuretic use or in echocardiographic wall thickness ≥ 2 mm reduction in the interventricular septal thickness by echocardiogram or improvement of ejection fraction by ≥20%. Liver ≥50% decrease in an initially elevated alkaline phosphatase level, or Decrease in liver size by at least 2 cm by ultrasound. Kidney 50% reduction in 24-hour urine protein excretion (at least 0.5 g/day) without worsening of creatinine or creatinine clearance by 25% over baseline. Soft Tissue RECIST criteria will be used.

Time frame: 6 months and 1 year

ArmMeasureGroupValue (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS)
Doxycycline (Systemic Disease)Amyloid Organ ResponseProgressive Disease8 Participants
Doxycycline (Systemic Disease)Amyloid Organ ResponseStable Disease8 Participants
Doxycycline (Systemic Disease)Amyloid Organ ResponseResponse6 Participants
Doxycycline (Systemic Disease)Amyloid Organ ResponseExpired3 Participants
Doxycycline (1 Year)Amyloid Organ ResponseExpired5 Participants
Doxycycline (1 Year)Amyloid Organ ResponseProgressive Disease3 Participants
Doxycycline (1 Year)Amyloid Organ ResponseResponse9 Participants
Doxycycline (1 Year)Amyloid Organ ResponseStable Disease8 Participants
Secondary

Mortality

The number of living subjects will be determined at Baseline, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year

Time frame: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year

ArmMeasureGroupValue (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS)
Doxycycline (Systemic Disease)MortalityBaseline6 Participants
Doxycycline (Systemic Disease)Mortality3 Months6 Participants
Doxycycline (Systemic Disease)Mortality6 Months6 Participants
Doxycycline (Systemic Disease)Mortality1 Year6 Participants
Doxycycline (1 Year)Mortality1 Year20 Participants
Doxycycline (1 Year)MortalityBaseline25 Participants
Doxycycline (1 Year)Mortality6 Months22 Participants
Doxycycline (1 Year)Mortality3 Months23 Participants
Secondary

Patient-reported Health Quality of Life

Subjects will complete the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health instrument, a 10-item standardized patient-reported outcome measure that provides global ratings of physical function, fatigue, pain, emotional distress to report on common domains of health-related quality of life. The survey comprises a series of 5-response Likert-style questions. For each question, a low score indicates lesser or absent symptom or condition and higher indicates more severe symptom or condition (e.g., 1= None to 5=Very severe). Automated scoring produces a T-score for each domain. This measure reports the physical health score. T-scores for this domain range from 16.2 to 67.7. Higher scores indicate poorer physical health.

Time frame: Baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months

Population: One subject in the Localized cohort withdrew consent prior to the 6-month visit. Five subjects in the Systemic Disease cohort expired during the course of the study; two subjects came off study; and one was lost to follow-up.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Doxycycline (Systemic Disease)Patient-reported Health Quality of LifeBaseline46.1 score on a scaleStandard Deviation 9.4
Doxycycline (Systemic Disease)Patient-reported Health Quality of Life3 Months51.1 score on a scaleStandard Deviation 8.8
Doxycycline (Systemic Disease)Patient-reported Health Quality of Life6 Months48.3 score on a scaleStandard Deviation 6.3
Doxycycline (Systemic Disease)Patient-reported Health Quality of Life9 Months48.9 score on a scaleStandard Deviation 8
Doxycycline (Systemic Disease)Patient-reported Health Quality of Life12 Months49.4 score on a scaleStandard Deviation 7.7
Doxycycline (1 Year)Patient-reported Health Quality of Life6 Months40.6 score on a scaleStandard Deviation 0.4
Doxycycline (1 Year)Patient-reported Health Quality of LifeBaseline40.9 score on a scaleStandard Deviation 0.3
Doxycycline (1 Year)Patient-reported Health Quality of Life12 Months44.3 score on a scaleStandard Deviation 0.4
Doxycycline (1 Year)Patient-reported Health Quality of Life3 Months40.2 score on a scaleStandard Deviation 0.4
Doxycycline (1 Year)Patient-reported Health Quality of Life9 Months41.7 score on a scaleStandard Deviation 0.5
Secondary

Patient-reported Mental Quality of Life

Subjects will complete the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health instrument, a 10-item standardized patient-reported outcome measure that provides global ratings of physical function, fatigue, pain, emotional distress to report on common domains of health-related quality of life. The survey comprises a series of 5-response Likert-style questions. For each question, a low score indicates lesser or absent symptom or condition and higher indicates more severe symptom or condition (e.g., 1= None to 5=Very severe). Automated scoring produces a T-score for each domain. This measure reports the mental health score. T-scores for this domain range from 21.2 to 67.6. Higher scores indicate poorer mental health.

Time frame: Baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months

Population: One subject in the Localized cohort withdrew consent prior to the 6-month visit. Five subjects in the Systemic Disease cohort expired during the course of the study; two subjects came off study; and one was lost to follow-up.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Doxycycline (Systemic Disease)Patient-reported Mental Quality of Life3 Month51.4 score on a scaleStandard Deviation 10
Doxycycline (Systemic Disease)Patient-reported Mental Quality of Life9 Months52.6 score on a scaleStandard Deviation 11.9
Doxycycline (Systemic Disease)Patient-reported Mental Quality of Life6 Months51.2 score on a scaleStandard Deviation 9
Doxycycline (Systemic Disease)Patient-reported Mental Quality of Life12 Months50.7 score on a scaleStandard Deviation 10.2
Doxycycline (Systemic Disease)Patient-reported Mental Quality of LifeBaseline52.1 score on a scaleStandard Deviation 10.4
Doxycycline (1 Year)Patient-reported Mental Quality of Life12 Months50.6 score on a scaleStandard Deviation 0.6
Doxycycline (1 Year)Patient-reported Mental Quality of Life3 Month46.0 score on a scaleStandard Deviation 0.5
Doxycycline (1 Year)Patient-reported Mental Quality of LifeBaseline47.9 score on a scaleStandard Deviation 0.6
Doxycycline (1 Year)Patient-reported Mental Quality of Life6 Months46.4 score on a scaleStandard Deviation 0.5
Doxycycline (1 Year)Patient-reported Mental Quality of Life9 Months46.7 score on a scaleStandard Deviation 0.5

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Feb 27, 2026