Overactive Bladder, Urgency Incontinence, Urgency Urinary Symptoms
Conditions
Brief summary
We propose to conduct a rigorous, 12-week, randomized controlled trial of two relaxation therapies in 160 ambulatory women who report an average of at least 3 urgency-associated voiding or incontinence episodes per day. Participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to: 1) practice slowing their resting respiratory rate to 5 to 10 breaths per minute for at least 15 minutes/day at home using a portable guided-breathing device; or 2) use an identical-appearing device that plays relaxing music while monitoring their spontaneous breathing pattern. We do not know if either of the two types of relaxation therapies is effective in treating OAB. All women will also receive a usual care pamphlet providing basic information about other traditional self-management strategies for OAB.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALPaced Respiration
Participants will use a small, commercially-available guided-breathing device to practice breathing at a rate slower than 10 breaths per minute. Participants will be instructed to use their devices for at least 15 minutes per day for 12 weeks.
BEHAVIORALMusic Therapy
Participants will use an identical appearing device, programmed to play quiet, relaxing music, while monitoring spontaneous breathing. Participants will be instructed to use their devices for at least 15 minutes per day for 12 weeks.
Sponsors
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
University of California, San Francisco
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
21 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1. Women aged 21 years or older who are able to walk to the bathroom without assistance 2. Report recurrent episodes of urgency (sudden or strong urges to urinate) beginning at least 3 months prior to screening 3. Able to record all voiding and incontinence episodes on a screening 3-day voiding diary29,30 and rate the severity of urgency associated with each episode using a validated urgency severity scale31 4. Document at least 9 voiding or incontinence episodes on the above 3-day voiding diary that are associated with at least moderate sensation of urgency (using the above validated urgency severity scale) 31 5. Willing to refrain from initiating other treatments that may affect voiding pattern during the trial period
Exclusion criteria
1. Use of anticholinergic OAB medications or other medications known to affect urinary function (i.e., diuretics, tricyclic antidepressants) within 1 month of screening 2. Current urinary tract infection (detected via screening dipstick urinalysis or urine culture) or a history more than 3 urinary tract infections in the preceding 1 year 3. Prior history of lower urinary tract surgery, pelvic cancer, or pelvic irradiation; or other pelvic or abdominal surgery within 6 months of screening 4. History of interstitial cystitis, fistula in the bladder or rectum, or congenital or childhood defect leading to chronic urinary incontinence, retention, or other chronic urinary symptoms 5. Known history of major neurologic conditions likely to have major or permanent effects on bladder function such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, or Parkinson's disease 6. Use of bladder botulinum injections, electrostimulation, or other invasive therapies for OAB or incontinence within 3 months of screening 7. Formal pelvic floor rehabilitation or other formal behavioral therapy for bladder symptoms involving a physical therapist or other certified practitioner within 3 months of screening 8. Started, stopped, or changed dosage of a psychoactive medication likely to affect anxiety (SSRIs/SNRIs, tricyclics) within 3 months of screening, or plans to start, stop, or change dosage during the trial 9. Resting blood pressure (average of 2 measures) less than 100/60 at screening (women with baseline low blood pressure may theoretically be at increased risk of hypotension with use of RESPeRATE) 10. Resting breathing rate already below 10 breaths/minute before treatment (as measured during run-in) 11. History of chronic pulmonary disease likely to interfere with breathing exercises (e.g., emphysema) 12. Currently pregnant, gave birth within the past 3 months, or planning pregnancy during the study period 13. Unable or willing to sign an informed consent, fill out questionnaires, or undergo study procedures
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline in Frequency of Any Voiding or Incontinence Episodes Associated With At Least a Moderate Sensation of Urgency at 12 Weeks. | Baseline to 12 weeks | Self-reported on voiding diary. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline in Urgency Incontinence Episodes at 12 Weeks. | Baseline to 12 weeks. | Self-reported on voiding diary |
| Change From Baseline in Total Voiding Episodes at 12 Weeks. | Baseline to 12 weeks | Self-reported on voiding diary. |
| Change From Baseline in Overactive Bladder Questionnaire Score at 12 Weeks | Baseline to 12 weeks. | A 33-item measure of the bothersomness and impact of multiple OAB symptoms (such as urgency, incontinence, nocturia) along a 100-point scale. Higher the score the greater the bothersome. |
| Change From Baseline Score of Urgency Severity and Impact Questionnaire (USIQ), Severity Subscale at 12 Weeks. | Baseline to 12 weeks. | A 13-item measure of the severity and impact of urgency validated specifically in patients with OAB, range of 0-100. Higher the severity score, the more severe. |
| Change From Baseline Score of Urgency Severity and Impact Questionnaire (USIQ), Health-Related Quality of Life Subscale at 12 Weeks. | Baseline to 12 weeks | A 13-item measure of the severity and impact of urgency validated specifically in patients with OAB, range of 0-100. Higher the severity score, the more interference with quality of life. |
| Change From Baseline in Urogenital Distress Inventory Short Form (UDI-6) Score at 12 Weeks. | Baseline to 12 weeks | A 6-item measure of the bothersomeness of multiple urinary symptoms, including urgency and incontinence; scores range from 0-100. Higher the score, the more distress. |
| Change From Baseline on Patient Perception of Bladder Condition (PPBC) Score at 12 Weeks. | Baseline to 12 weeks | A single-item assessing patient's overall perception of their bladder problems using a 6-point Likert scale, score range 1-6. The higher the score the more severe. |
| Change From Baseline on Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) - Trait Component Score at 12 Weeks. | Baseline to 12 Weeks | A 20-item self-administered measure validated in both clinical and psychiatric populations, including patients with bladder symptoms. Scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater somatic anxiety. |
| Change From Baseline in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) - Anxiety Subscale Score at 12 Weeks. | Baseline to 12 Weeks | A validated self-administered questionnaire that includes a 7-item Anxiety Subscale shown to be sensitive to change in incontinence trials. Scores range from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety. |
| Change From Baseline in Frequency of Any Voiding or Incontinence Episodes Associated With a Severe Sensation of Urgency at 12 Weeks. | Baseline to 12 weeks | Self-reported on voiding diary |
| Change From Baseline in Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) Score at 12 Weeks. | Baseline to 12 weeks | A 10-item self-administered questionnaire assessing subjective feelings and thoughts related to perceived stress in the past month, validated in a probability sample of the United States. Scores range from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater perceived stress. |
| Change From Baseline in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Overall Sleep Quality Score at 12 Weeks. | Baseline to 12 weeks | An 18-item validated questionnaire evaluating sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and sleep problems over a one-week period. A global sleep quality score ranging from 0 to 21 can be derived from the PSQI, with higher scores reflecting poor sleep quality. |
| Change From Baseline in Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia at 12 Weeks. | Baseline to 12 weeks | Resting (neutral) state |
| Change From Baseline in Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) Resting (Neutral) State at 12 Weeks. | Baseline to 12 weeks | Change in autonomic control as assessed by high frequency heart rate variability (RSA) |
| Change From Baseline in Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) Change From Rest to Dot Task at 12 Weeks. | Baseline to 12 weeks | High frequency heart rate variability |
| Change From Baseline in Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) Change From Rest to Maze Task at 12 Weeks | Baseline to 12 weeks | high frequency heart rate variability |
| Change From Baseline in Pre-ejection Period (PEP) Resting (Neutral) State at 12 Weeks. | Baseline to 12 weeks | PEP is the time period during which the left ventricle of the heart contracts while the aortic and mitral valves are still closed, is an established measure of sympathetic autonomic activity that can be measured non-invasively using impedance cardiography . |
| Change From Baseline in Pre-ejection Period (PEP) Change From Rest to Dot Task at 12 Weeks. | Baseline to 12 weeks | The time period during which the left ventricle of the heart contracts while the aortic and mitral valves are still closed |
| Change From Baseline in Pre-ejection Period (PEP) Change From Rest to Maze Task at 12 Weeks | Baseline to 12 weeks | The time period during which the left ventricle of the heart contracts while the aortic and mitral valves are still closed |
| Change From Baseline in Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) Score at 12 Weeks. | Baseline to 12 weeks | A 20-item measure that has been widely used in clinical trials, including trials of bladder interventions, and is sensitive to change. Total scores range from 0 to 60, with higher scores indicating greater likelihood of depression. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Music Therapy Participants will use an identical appearing device, programmed to play quiet, relaxing music, while monitoring spontaneous breathing. Participants will be instructed to use their devices for at least 15 minutes per day for 12 weeks.
Music Therapy | 82 |
| Paced Respiration Participants will use a small, commercially-available guided-breathing device to practice breathing at a rate slower than 10 breaths per minute. Participants will be instructed to use their devices for at least 15 minutes per day for 12 weeks.
Paced Respiration | 79 |
| Total | 161 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Illness/Medical Reason | 0 | 2 |
| Overall Study | Intolerance/Lack of Improvement | 3 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 1 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Too Busy | 1 | 3 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Music Therapy | Total | Paced Respiration |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 61.67 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.9 | 61.02 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.1 | 60.35 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.4 |
| Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) | 10.17 Score on Scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.5 | 11.01 Score on Scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.3 | 11.87 Score on Scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.1 |
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Anxiety Subscale | 6.22 score on scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.8 | 6.47 score on scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.9 | 6.72 score on scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4 |
| Incontinence Frequency Daytime voiding | 9.70 Episodes per day STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.8 | 9.76 Episodes per day STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.3 | 9.81 Episodes per day STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.8 |
| Incontinence Frequency Moderate Sensation of Urgency Incontinence or Void | 6.77 Episodes per day STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.8 | 6.93 Episodes per day STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.4 | 7.10 Episodes per day STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.9 |
| Incontinence Frequency Nighttime voiding | 1.42 Episodes per day STANDARD_DEVIATION 1 | 1.34 Episodes per day STANDARD_DEVIATION 1 | 1.25 Episodes per day STANDARD_DEVIATION 1 |
| Incontinence Frequency Severe Sensation of Urgency Incontinence or Void | 2.42 Episodes per day STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.3 | 2.71 Episodes per day STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.4 | 3.01 Episodes per day STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.6 |
| Incontinence Frequency Total voiding | 11.12 Episodes per day STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.9 | 11.09 Episodes per day STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.4 | 11.06 Episodes per day STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.9 |
| Incontinence Frequency Urgency Incontinence | 1.19 Episodes per day STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.6 | 1.28 Episodes per day STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.8 | 1.37 Episodes per day STANDARD_DEVIATION 2 |
| Overactive Bladder Questionnaire | 27.59 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.4 | 28.35 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.7 | 29.12 score on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.9 |
| Patient Perception of Bladder Condition (PPBC) | 2.65 score on scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1 | 2.63 score on scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1 | 2.61 score on scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.1 |
| Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | 13.40 Score on scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.6 | 13.89 Score on scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.8 | 14.41 Score on scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 7 |
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) | 7.11 Score on scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.2 | 7.26 Score on scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.5 | 7.42 Score on scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.8 |
| Pre-ejection Period (PEP) Change from rest to dot task | -3.84 msec STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.7 | -1.67 msec STANDARD_DEVIATION 8 | -0.02 msec STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.1 |
| Pre-ejection Period (PEP) Change from rest to maze task | -4.21 msec STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.6 | -2.27 msec STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.1 | -0.81 msec STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.7 |
| Pre-ejection Period (PEP) Resting (neutral) state | 123.07 msec STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.5 | 119.68 msec STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.7 | 117.11 msec STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.8 |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Asian/Asian-American | 6 Participants | 13 Participants | 7 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Latina | 6 Participants | 18 Participants | 12 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Mixed | 7 Participants | 10 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Non-Latina African-American | 12 Participants | 24 Participants | 12 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Non-Latina White | 49 Participants | 89 Participants | 40 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Unknown | 2 Participants | 7 Participants | 5 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 82 participants | 161 participants | 79 participants |
| Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) Change from rest to dot task | 0.35 msec^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.6 | 0.08 msec^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.6 | -0.11 msec^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.6 |
| Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) Change from rest to maze task | -0.10 msec^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.6 | -0.37 msec^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.9 | -0.56 msec^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 1 |
| Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) Resting (neutral) state | 4.75 msec^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.2 | 5.29 msec^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.5 | 5.69 msec^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.6 |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 82 Participants | 161 Participants | 79 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Trait Component | 36.82 Score on scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.2 | 37.64 Score on scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.3 | 38.49 Score on scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.5 |
| Urgency Severity and Impact Questionnaire Health-Related Quality of Life Subscale | 21.94 score on scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.4 | 23.23 score on scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 17.5 | 24.57 score on scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 19.4 |
| Urgency Severity and Impact Questionnaire Severity Subscale | 58.51 score on scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.7 | 58.48 score on scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.1 | 58.45 score on scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.5 |
| Urogenital Distress Inventory Short Form (UDI-6) | 45.19 score on scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 17.3 | 45.38 score on scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 18.4 | 45.57 score on scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 19.6 |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 82 | 0 / 79 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 12 / 82 | 10 / 79 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 82 | 0 / 79 |
Outcome results
Primary
Change From Baseline in Frequency of Any Voiding or Incontinence Episodes Associated With At Least a Moderate Sensation of Urgency at 12 Weeks.
Self-reported on voiding diary.
Time frame: Baseline to 12 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Music Therapy | Change From Baseline in Frequency of Any Voiding or Incontinence Episodes Associated With At Least a Moderate Sensation of Urgency at 12 Weeks. | -1.06 episodes |
| Paced Respiration | Change From Baseline in Frequency of Any Voiding or Incontinence Episodes Associated With At Least a Moderate Sensation of Urgency at 12 Weeks. | -0.86 episodes |
p-value: 0.622295% CI: [-0.73, 1.21]ANCOVA
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) Score at 12 Weeks.
A 20-item measure that has been widely used in clinical trials, including trials of bladder interventions, and is sensitive to change. Total scores range from 0 to 60, with higher scores indicating greater likelihood of depression.
Time frame: Baseline to 12 weeks
Population: Although 77 participants randomized to Music Therapy completed week 12 visits in some form, some participants declined to complete or had missing data for one or more outcome measures at this timepoint.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Music Therapy | Change From Baseline in Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) Score at 12 Weeks. | -1.97 score on a scale |
| Paced Respiration | Change From Baseline in Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) Score at 12 Weeks. | -3.01 score on a scale |
p-value: 0.228495% CI: [-2.87, 0.79]ANCOVA
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Frequency of Any Voiding or Incontinence Episodes Associated With a Severe Sensation of Urgency at 12 Weeks.
Self-reported on voiding diary
Time frame: Baseline to 12 weeks
Population: Although 77 participants randomized to Music Therapy completed week 12 visits in some form, some participants declined to complete or had missing data for one or more outcome measures at this timepoint.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Music Therapy | Change From Baseline in Frequency of Any Voiding or Incontinence Episodes Associated With a Severe Sensation of Urgency at 12 Weeks. | -0.85 episodes |
| Paced Respiration | Change From Baseline in Frequency of Any Voiding or Incontinence Episodes Associated With a Severe Sensation of Urgency at 12 Weeks. | -0.94 episodes |
p-value: 0.769595% CI: [-0.64, 0.47]ANCOVA
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) - Anxiety Subscale Score at 12 Weeks.
A validated self-administered questionnaire that includes a 7-item Anxiety Subscale shown to be sensitive to change in incontinence trials. Scores range from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety.
Time frame: Baseline to 12 Weeks
Population: Although 77 participants randomized to Music Therapy completed week 12 visits in some form, some participants declined to complete or had missing data for one or more outcome measures at this timepoint.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Music Therapy | Change From Baseline in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) - Anxiety Subscale Score at 12 Weeks. | -0.71 score on a scale |
| Paced Respiration | Change From Baseline in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) - Anxiety Subscale Score at 12 Weeks. | -1.38 score on a scale |
p-value: 0.078695% CI: [-1.4, 0.07]ANCOVA
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Overactive Bladder Questionnaire Score at 12 Weeks
A 33-item measure of the bothersomness and impact of multiple OAB symptoms (such as urgency, incontinence, nocturia) along a 100-point scale. Higher the score the greater the bothersome.
Time frame: Baseline to 12 weeks.
Population: Although 77 participants randomized to Music Therapy completed week 12 visits in some form, some participants declined to complete or had missing data for one or more outcome measures at this timepoint.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Music Therapy | Change From Baseline in Overactive Bladder Questionnaire Score at 12 Weeks | -15.45 score on a scale |
| Paced Respiration | Change From Baseline in Overactive Bladder Questionnaire Score at 12 Weeks | -14.29 score on a scale |
p-value: 0.535895% CI: [-2.51, 4.84]ANCOVA
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) Score at 12 Weeks.
A 10-item self-administered questionnaire assessing subjective feelings and thoughts related to perceived stress in the past month, validated in a probability sample of the United States. Scores range from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater perceived stress.
Time frame: Baseline to 12 weeks
Population: Although 77 participants randomized to Music Therapy completed week 12 visits in some form, some participants declined to complete or had missing data for one or more outcome measures at this timepoint.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Music Therapy | Change From Baseline in Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) Score at 12 Weeks. | -1.12 score on a scale |
| Paced Respiration | Change From Baseline in Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) Score at 12 Weeks. | -2.83 score on a scale |
p-value: 0.033595% CI: [-3.28, -0.13]ANCOVA
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Overall Sleep Quality Score at 12 Weeks.
An 18-item validated questionnaire evaluating sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and sleep problems over a one-week period. A global sleep quality score ranging from 0 to 21 can be derived from the PSQI, with higher scores reflecting poor sleep quality.
Time frame: Baseline to 12 weeks
Population: Although 77 participants randomized to Music Therapy and 74 participant randomized to Paced Respiration completed week 12 visits in some form, some participants declined to complete or had missing data for one or more outcome measures at this timepoint.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Music Therapy | Change From Baseline in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Overall Sleep Quality Score at 12 Weeks. | -1.22 score on a scale |
| Paced Respiration | Change From Baseline in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Overall Sleep Quality Score at 12 Weeks. | -1.14 score on a scale |
p-value: 0.840895% CI: [-0.66, 0.81]ANCOVA
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Pre-ejection Period (PEP) Change From Rest to Dot Task at 12 Weeks.
The time period during which the left ventricle of the heart contracts while the aortic and mitral valves are still closed
Time frame: Baseline to 12 weeks
Population: Although 77 participants randomized to Music Therapy and 74 participant randomized to Paced Respiration completed week 12 visits in some form, some participants declined to complete or had missing data for one or more outcome measures at this timepoint. This measure was only completed by a small subset of participants.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Music Therapy | Change From Baseline in Pre-ejection Period (PEP) Change From Rest to Dot Task at 12 Weeks. | 1.28 msec |
| Paced Respiration | Change From Baseline in Pre-ejection Period (PEP) Change From Rest to Dot Task at 12 Weeks. | 1.87 msec |
p-value: 0.750695% CI: [-3.05, 4.23]ANCOVA
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Pre-ejection Period (PEP) Change From Rest to Maze Task at 12 Weeks
The time period during which the left ventricle of the heart contracts while the aortic and mitral valves are still closed
Time frame: Baseline to 12 weeks
Population: Although 77 participants randomized to Music Therapy and 74 participant randomized to Paced Respiration completed week 12 visits in some form, some participants declined to complete or had missing data for one or more outcome measures at this timepoint. This measure was only completed by a small subset of participants.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Music Therapy | Change From Baseline in Pre-ejection Period (PEP) Change From Rest to Maze Task at 12 Weeks | -4.79 msec |
| Paced Respiration | Change From Baseline in Pre-ejection Period (PEP) Change From Rest to Maze Task at 12 Weeks | -6.35 msec |
p-value: 0.626895% CI: [-6.98, 3.87]ANCOVA
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Pre-ejection Period (PEP) Resting (Neutral) State at 12 Weeks.
PEP is the time period during which the left ventricle of the heart contracts while the aortic and mitral valves are still closed, is an established measure of sympathetic autonomic activity that can be measured non-invasively using impedance cardiography .
Time frame: Baseline to 12 weeks
Population: Although 77 participants randomized to Music Therapy and 74 participant randomized to Paced Respiration completed week 12 visits in some form, some participants declined to complete or had missing data for one or more outcome measures at this timepoint. This measure was only completed by a small subset of participants.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Music Therapy | Change From Baseline in Pre-ejection Period (PEP) Resting (Neutral) State at 12 Weeks. | -3.41 msec |
| Paced Respiration | Change From Baseline in Pre-ejection Period (PEP) Resting (Neutral) State at 12 Weeks. | 0.34 msec |
p-value: 0.4993ANCOVA
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia at 12 Weeks.
Resting (neutral) state
Time frame: Baseline to 12 weeks
Population: Although 77 participants randomized to Music Therapy and 74 participant randomized to Paced Respiration completed week 12 visits in some form, some participants declined to complete or had missing data for one or more outcome measures at this timepoint. This measure was only completed by a small subset of participants.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Music Therapy | Change From Baseline in Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia at 12 Weeks. | -0.40 msec^2 |
| Paced Respiration | Change From Baseline in Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia at 12 Weeks. | -0.27 msec^2 |
p-value: 0.557895% CI: [-0.32, 0.6]ANCOVA
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) Change From Rest to Dot Task at 12 Weeks.
High frequency heart rate variability
Time frame: Baseline to 12 weeks
Population: Although 77 participants randomized to Music Therapy and 74 participant randomized to Paced Respiration completed week 12 visits in some form, some participants declined to complete or had missing data for one or more outcome measures at this timepoint. This measure was only completed by a small subset of participants.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Music Therapy | Change From Baseline in Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) Change From Rest to Dot Task at 12 Weeks. | 0.58 msec2 |
| Paced Respiration | Change From Baseline in Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) Change From Rest to Dot Task at 12 Weeks. | 0.33 msec2 |
p-value: 0.730195% CI: [-0.79, 0.31]ANCOVA
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) Change From Rest to Maze Task at 12 Weeks
high frequency heart rate variability
Time frame: Baseline to 12 weeks
Population: Although 77 participants randomized to Music Therapy and 74 participant randomized to Paced Respiration completed week 12 visits in some form, some participants declined to complete or had missing data for one or more outcome measures at this timepoint. This measure was only completed by a small subset of participants.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Music Therapy | Change From Baseline in Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) Change From Rest to Maze Task at 12 Weeks | 0.69 msec^2 |
| Paced Respiration | Change From Baseline in Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) Change From Rest to Maze Task at 12 Weeks | 0.26 msec^2 |
p-value: 0.664695% CI: [-0.89, 0.04]ANCOVA
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) Resting (Neutral) State at 12 Weeks.
Change in autonomic control as assessed by high frequency heart rate variability (RSA)
Time frame: Baseline to 12 weeks
Population: Although 77 participants randomized to Music Therapy and 74 participant randomized to Paced Respiration completed week 12 visits in some form, some participants declined to complete or had missing data for one or more outcome measures at this timepoint. This measure was only completed by a small subset of participants.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Music Therapy | Change From Baseline in Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) Resting (Neutral) State at 12 Weeks. | -0.40 msec^2 |
| Paced Respiration | Change From Baseline in Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) Resting (Neutral) State at 12 Weeks. | -0.27 msec^2 |
p-value: 0.5578ANCOVA
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Total Voiding Episodes at 12 Weeks.
Self-reported on voiding diary.
Time frame: Baseline to 12 weeks
Population: Although 77 participants randomized to Music Therapy completed week 12 visits in some form, some participants declined to complete or had missing data for one or more outcome measures at this timepoint.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Music Therapy | Change From Baseline in Total Voiding Episodes at 12 Weeks. | -1.04 episodes |
| Paced Respiration | Change From Baseline in Total Voiding Episodes at 12 Weeks. | -1.08 episodes |
p-value: 0.91995% CI: [-0.66, 0.6]ANCOVA
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Urgency Incontinence Episodes at 12 Weeks.
Self-reported on voiding diary
Time frame: Baseline to 12 weeks.
Population: Although 77 participants randomized to Music Therapy completed week 12 visits in some form, some participants declined to complete or had missing data for one or more outcome measures at this timepoint.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Music Therapy | Change From Baseline in Urgency Incontinence Episodes at 12 Weeks. | -0.63 episodes |
| Paced Respiration | Change From Baseline in Urgency Incontinence Episodes at 12 Weeks. | -0.55 episodes |
p-value: 0.645695% CI: [-0.24, 0.39]ANCOVA
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Urogenital Distress Inventory Short Form (UDI-6) Score at 12 Weeks.
A 6-item measure of the bothersomeness of multiple urinary symptoms, including urgency and incontinence; scores range from 0-100. Higher the score, the more distress.
Time frame: Baseline to 12 weeks
Population: Although 77 participants randomized to Music Therapy completed week 12 visits in some form, some participants declined to complete or had missing data for one or more outcome measures at this timepoint.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Music Therapy | Change From Baseline in Urogenital Distress Inventory Short Form (UDI-6) Score at 12 Weeks. | -15.35 score on a scale |
| Paced Respiration | Change From Baseline in Urogenital Distress Inventory Short Form (UDI-6) Score at 12 Weeks. | -17.11 score on a scale |
p-value: 0.514695% CI: [-7.05, 3.53]ANCOVA
Secondary
Change From Baseline on Patient Perception of Bladder Condition (PPBC) Score at 12 Weeks.
A single-item assessing patient's overall perception of their bladder problems using a 6-point Likert scale, score range 1-6. The higher the score the more severe.
Time frame: Baseline to 12 weeks
Population: Although 77 participants randomized to Music Therapy completed week 12 visits in some form, some participants declined to complete or had missing data for one or more outcome measures at this timepoint.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Music Therapy | Change From Baseline on Patient Perception of Bladder Condition (PPBC) Score at 12 Weeks. | -0.74 score on a scale |
| Paced Respiration | Change From Baseline on Patient Perception of Bladder Condition (PPBC) Score at 12 Weeks. | -0.88 score on a scale |
p-value: 0.361195% CI: [-0.44, 0.16]ANCOVA
Secondary
Change From Baseline on Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) - Trait Component Score at 12 Weeks.
A 20-item self-administered measure validated in both clinical and psychiatric populations, including patients with bladder symptoms. Scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater somatic anxiety.
Time frame: Baseline to 12 Weeks
Population: Although 77 participants randomized to Music Therapy completed week 12 visits in some form, some participants declined to complete or had missing data for one or more outcome measures at this timepoint.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Music Therapy | Change From Baseline on Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) - Trait Component Score at 12 Weeks. | -2.42 score on a scale |
| Paced Respiration | Change From Baseline on Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) - Trait Component Score at 12 Weeks. | -2.85 score on a scale |
p-value: 0.672295% CI: [-2.43, 1.57]ANCOVA
Secondary
Change From Baseline Score of Urgency Severity and Impact Questionnaire (USIQ), Health-Related Quality of Life Subscale at 12 Weeks.
A 13-item measure of the severity and impact of urgency validated specifically in patients with OAB, range of 0-100. Higher the severity score, the more interference with quality of life.
Time frame: Baseline to 12 weeks
Population: Although 77 participants randomized to Music Therapy and 74 participants randomized to Paced Respiration completed week 12 visits in some form, some participants declined to complete or had missing data for one or more outcome measures at this timepoint.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Music Therapy | Change From Baseline Score of Urgency Severity and Impact Questionnaire (USIQ), Health-Related Quality of Life Subscale at 12 Weeks. | -12.35 score on a scale |
| Paced Respiration | Change From Baseline Score of Urgency Severity and Impact Questionnaire (USIQ), Health-Related Quality of Life Subscale at 12 Weeks. | -10.18 score on a scale |
p-value: 0.313495% CI: [-2.05, 6.38]ANCOVA
Secondary
Change From Baseline Score of Urgency Severity and Impact Questionnaire (USIQ), Severity Subscale at 12 Weeks.
A 13-item measure of the severity and impact of urgency validated specifically in patients with OAB, range of 0-100. Higher the severity score, the more severe.
Time frame: Baseline to 12 weeks.
Population: Although 77 participants randomized to Music Therapy completed week 12 visits in some form, some participants declined to complete or had missing data for one or more outcome measures at this timepoint.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Music Therapy | Change From Baseline Score of Urgency Severity and Impact Questionnaire (USIQ), Severity Subscale at 12 Weeks. | -15.56 score on a scale |
| Paced Respiration | Change From Baseline Score of Urgency Severity and Impact Questionnaire (USIQ), Severity Subscale at 12 Weeks. | -13.85 score on a scale |
p-value: 0.466395% CI: [-2.9, 6.34]ANCOVA