Infant's Tooth Brushing
Conditions
Brief summary
Governmental initiatives (such as Sure Start in the UK) have integrated an oral health promotion intervention within their maternal and child health program and delivered dental education and enabling resources (a gift bag including a baby toothbrush, fluoride toothpaste and a trainer cup) to infant's mothers. Whilst this approach has minimal financial implications of human resources, no evidence exists regarding its effectiveness in establishing desirable infant's oral health behaviours. In Syria, there is a great need for developing an infant's oral health promotion program to promote oral hygiene practice, provide access to fluoride and terminate bottle-feeding practice. Thus, the current study aimed to test the effectiveness of an integrated infant's oral health promotion intervention within the Syrian national immunization program, which delivered printed dental education materials, a baby tooth brush, fluoride toothpaste (1000 ppm) and a trainer cup, in establishing one-year old infant's oral hygiene and bottle-feeing termination practices.
Detailed description
The current randomized controlled trail allocated 92 one-year old infants, attending a maternal and child health center in Sweida city-Syria, to receive their vaccination, into three groups: test, control 1 and control 2. The test group received an infant oral health promotion package including a child oral health pamphlet, a baby toothbrush, fluoride toothpaste (1000 ppm) and a trainer cup. Control 1 received only an infant pamphlet, whilst Control 2 received no intervention. A mother's self-completed structured questionnaire and an infant's clinical examination were completed and performed, at baseline and after one month, to assess tooth brushing and bottle-feeding practices as well as the presence of old plaque on infant's primary teeth, respectively.
Interventions
OTHERInfant oral health promotion package
Infant oral health promotion package includes an infant oral health pamphlet, a baby toothbrush, fluoride toothpaste (1000 ppm) and a trainer cup.
OTHERInfant oral health pamphlet
Infant oral health pamphlet
Sponsors
Damascus University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
12 Months to 12 Months
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
for infants: * Healthy * Single (not twins). * Full-term (≥37 weeks). * Birth weight ≥ 2500 g. * Family size ≤3 children (including the infant). * Their first tooth erupted. * No reported tooth brushing practice.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Mother's Reported Infant's Twice-a-day Tooth Brushing Practice. | Baseline (T0) and after one month (T1) | Change in mother's reported infant's twice-a-day tooth brushing practice was measured by comparing mother's reported infant's twice-a-day tooth brushing practice at follow up and baseline. Change was present when mother's reported infant's twice-a-day tooth brushing practice after one month compared to mother's reported no infant's twice-a-day tooth brushing practice at baseline. Change was not present when mother's did not report infant's twice-a-day tooth brushing practice after one month compared to mother's reported no infant's twice-a-day tooth brushing practice at baseline. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Mother's Reported Bottle-feeding Practice. | Baseline (T0) and after one month (T1) | Change in mother's reported bottle-feeding practice was measured by comparing mother's reported bottle-feeding practice at follow up and baseline. Change was present when mother's reported no bottle-feeding practice after one month compared to mother's reported bottle-feeding practice at baseline. Change was not present when mother's reported bottle-feeding practice after one month compared to mother's reported bottle-feeding practice at baseline. |
Countries
Syria
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Test Infant oral health promotion package
Infant oral health promotion package: Infant oral health promotion package includes an infant oral health pamphlet, a baby toothbrush, fluoride toothpaste (1000 ppm) and a trainer cup. | 32 |
| Control 1 Infant oral health pamphlet
Infant oral health pamphlet: Infant oral health pamphlet | 30 |
| Control 2 No intervention. | 30 |
| Total | 92 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Total | Test | Control 1 | Control 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Customized < 30 years old | 48 participants | 21 participants | 14 participants | 13 participants |
| Age, Customized ≥ 30 years old | 44 participants | 11 participants | 16 participants | 17 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 59 Participants | 19 Participants | 21 Participants | 19 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 33 Participants | 13 Participants | 9 Participants | 11 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
Outcome results
Primary
Change in Mother's Reported Infant's Twice-a-day Tooth Brushing Practice.
Change in mother's reported infant's twice-a-day tooth brushing practice was measured by comparing mother's reported infant's twice-a-day tooth brushing practice at follow up and baseline. Change was present when mother's reported infant's twice-a-day tooth brushing practice after one month compared to mother's reported no infant's twice-a-day tooth brushing practice at baseline. Change was not present when mother's did not report infant's twice-a-day tooth brushing practice after one month compared to mother's reported no infant's twice-a-day tooth brushing practice at baseline.
Time frame: Baseline (T0) and after one month (T1)
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Test | Change in Mother's Reported Infant's Twice-a-day Tooth Brushing Practice. | 90.6 percentage of mothers |
| Control 1 | Change in Mother's Reported Infant's Twice-a-day Tooth Brushing Practice. | 10 percentage of mothers |
| Control 2 | Change in Mother's Reported Infant's Twice-a-day Tooth Brushing Practice. | 6.7 percentage of mothers |
Secondary
Change in Mother's Reported Bottle-feeding Practice.
Change in mother's reported bottle-feeding practice was measured by comparing mother's reported bottle-feeding practice at follow up and baseline. Change was present when mother's reported no bottle-feeding practice after one month compared to mother's reported bottle-feeding practice at baseline. Change was not present when mother's reported bottle-feeding practice after one month compared to mother's reported bottle-feeding practice at baseline.
Time frame: Baseline (T0) and after one month (T1)
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Test | Change in Mother's Reported Bottle-feeding Practice. | 18.8 percentage of mothers |
| Control 1 | Change in Mother's Reported Bottle-feeding Practice. | 69.2 percentage of mothers |
| Control 2 | Change in Mother's Reported Bottle-feeding Practice. | 93.8 percentage of mothers |