Hyperglycemia
Conditions
Keywords
Exercise, Physical Fitness, Body Composition, Beneficial
Brief summary
The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in glucose control, fitness, and body composition between a standard aerobic and resistance exercise training program and a shorter-duration, high-intensity CrossFit training program in overweight and obese physically inactive adults. Hypotheses: 1. Both groups would improve glucose control, with the CrossFit group improving significantly more than the aerobic and resistance training group. 2. Both groups would improve fitness, with the CrossFit group improving significantly more than the aerobic and resistance training group. 3. Both groups would demonstrate decreases in body fat percentage and fat mass and increases in lean body mass, with the CrossFit group improving significantly more than the aerobic and resistance training group.
Detailed description
Overweight or obese participants will take part in an 8-week exercise intervention after clearance from a doctor, that is expected to improve glucose control, fitness (Eurofit and peak aerobic capacity), and body composition (body fat percentage, fat mass, and lean body mass). After stratification by age and body mass index, participants will be randomized to either a standard aerobic and resistance training exercise program or a relatively higher intensity, shorter duration CrossFit exercise program.
Interventions
Participants were instructed to work as hard as they could while maintaining safe technique and proper form to achieve as many reps or rounds as possible in the prescribed time frame. As HIFT participants became accustomed to specific movements, less time was dedicated to practicing movements and technique.
The protocol was based upon current guidelines of 150 minutes moderate-intensity aerobic activity and 2 days of muscle strengthening per week.
Sponsors
Kansas State University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* body mass index (BMI) of 25 - \< 40, physically inactive (i.e., not participating in any structured exercise programs for the past 2 months and not exceeding 30 total minutes of physical activity per week)
Exclusion criteria
* current smoker, pregnant, taking blood glucose altering medications, heart disease, type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus, total cholesterol 200 mg/dL or higher
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline in glucose control. | Baseline, Week 10 | Fasting plasma glucose levels were taken after an overnight fast of at least 8 hours. An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted after ingestion of a 75g oral dextrose solution with finger sticks at 30, 45, and 60 minutes from time 0. The following equation was used to calculate glucose area under the curve which was the metric utilized to ascertain changes in glucose control: \[(Time 45 - Time 30) \* ½ (OGTT 30 + OGTT 45)\] + \[(Time 60 - Time 45) \* ½ (OGTT 60 + OGTT 45)\] |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline in peak aerobic capacity | Baseline, Week 10 | Modified Balke protocol |
| Change from baseline in sit and reach | Baseline, Week 10 | Eurofit protocol for sit and reach distance using flex tester box |
| Change from baseline in standing broad jump | Baseline, Week 10 | Eurofit protocol |
| Change from baseline in vertical jump | Baseline, Week 10 | Eurofit protocol |
| Change from baseline in situps | Baseline, Week 10 | Eurofit protocol |
| Change from baseline in 40 meter dash | Baseline, Week 10 | A handheld stopwatch was used to record time from the command Go until the participant crossed the line at 40 meters |
| Change from baseline in stork balance test | Baseline, Week 10 | — |
| Change from baseline in body composition | Baseline, Week 12 | Dual X-ray absorptiometry scan was used to assess body fat percentage, lean body mass, and fat mass. |
| Change from baseline in pushups | Baseline, Week 10 | Eurofit protocol; completed on feet or knees |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Time spent completing daily workouts | 24 exercise sessions over 8 weeks | Time spent to complete each assigned daily workout was individually recorded for each participant |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed