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A Study of LY2157299 in Participants With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A Randomized Phase 2 Study of LY2157299 Versus LY2157299 - Sorafenib Combination Versus Sorafenib in Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Status
Completed
Phases
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Source
ClinicalTrials.gov
Registry ID
NCT02178358
Enrollment
132
Registered
2014-06-30
Start date
2014-08-08
Completion date
2021-02-18
Last updated
2022-02-25

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Keywords

transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)

Brief summary

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the study drug known as LY2157299 in participants with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Interventions

Administered orally

DRUGSorafenib

Administered orally

DRUGPlacebo

Administered orally

Sponsors

Eli Lilly and Company
Lead SponsorINDUSTRY

Study design

Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)

Eligibility

Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

* Have histological evidence of a diagnosis of HCC not amenable to curative surgery. * Have Child-Pugh Class A. * Have the presence of measurable disease. * Have adequate organ function. * Have a performance status of ≤1 on the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scale. * If male or female with reproductive potential, must agree to use medically approved contraceptive precautions during the trial and for 3 months following the last dose of study drug. * If females with childbearing potential, must have had a negative serum pregnancy test 7 days prior to the first dose of study drug. * Are able to swallow capsules or tablets. * Have available diagnostic or biopsy tumor tissue.

Exclusion criteria

* Have received previous systemic treatment for advanced disease. * Have known HCC with fibro-lamellar or mixed histology. * Have presence of clinically relevant ascites. * Have had a liver transplant. * Have moderate or severe cardiac disease. * Have active or uncontrolled clinically serious hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus infection. * Have experienced Grade 3 or 4 gastrointestinal bleeding or any variceal bleeding episode in the 3 months prior to enrollment requiring transfusion or endoscopic or operative intervention. * Have esophageal or gastric varices that require immediate intervention or represent a high bleeding risk. * Had major surgery within 4 weeks prior to the study randomization.

Design outcomes

Primary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Overall Survival (OS): Number of EventsRandomization to Date of Death from Any Cause (Up To 24 Months)OS defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of death due to any cause. An overall survival event was defined as death due to any cause. For each participant who is not known to have died as of the data-inclusion cutoff date for overall survival analysis, OS time was censored on the last date the participant is known to be alive. The number of participants with overall survival events (deaths) is reported.

Secondary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Population Pharmacokinetics (PopPK): Steady State Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vss) of GalunisertibCycle (C) 1: Day (D)1: Predose, 0.5-2 hours(h) Postdose; D14: Predose, 0.5-2, 3-5 h, Postdose; D15 Morning; D22 Morning; Predose C2 and C3 Predose D1Population Vss \[distribution of galunisertib in the body at steady state\] after a single dose of galunisertib.
Time to Tumor Progression (TTP)Randomization to the Date of Objective Progressive Disease or Date of Death due to Study Disease, whichever came first (Up To 24 Months)TTP at initial treatment was defined as the number of months between date of randomization and the date of first documented disease progression or the date of death due to disease under study, whichever came first. Progression was assessed by the Response Evaluation Criteria for Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1.Progressive Disease (PD)is at least a 20% increase in the sum of the LD of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum LD recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions.
Progression-Free Survival (PFS)Randomization to Measured Progressive Disease or Death (Up To 24 Months)PFS defined as the time from the date of randomization to the first evidence of disease progression as defined by response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) v1.1 or death from any cause. Progressive Disease (PD) was at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, with reference being the smallest sum on study and an absolute increase of at least 5 mm, or unequivocal progression of non-target lesions, or 1 or more new lesions. If a participant does not have a complete baseline disease assessment, then the PFS time was censored at the date of randomization, regardless of whether or not objectively determined disease progression or death has been observed for the participant. If a participant was not known to have died or have objective progression as of the data inclusion cutoff date for the analysis, the PFS time was censored at the last adequate tumor assessment date.
Population Pharmacokinetics (PopPK): Mean Population Clearance of GalunisertibCycle (C) 1: Day (D)1: Predose, 0.5-2 hours(h) Postdose; D14: Predose, 0.5-2, 3-5 h, Postdose; D15 Morning; D22 Morning; Predose C2 and C3 Predose D1Population mean (between-subject coefficient variance \[CV %\]) apparent clearance.
Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreBaseline, 24 MonthsEORTC QLQ-C30 consists of 30 items covered by 1 of 3 dimensions: 1. Global health status/quality of life (2 items) with scores ranging from 1 (Very Poor) to 7 (Excellent). 2. Functional scales (15 total items addressing either physical, role, emotional, cognitive, or social functioning), each item scores ranging from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much). 3. Symptom scales (13 total items addressing either fatigue, nausea/vomiting, pain, dyspnoea, insomnia, appetite loss, constipation, diarrhea, or financial impact), each item scores ranging from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much). All domain scores were calculated as an average of item scores and transformed to 0 to 100 score range. A high score for a functional scale represents a high/healthy level of functioning, a high score for the global health status/quality of life (QoL) represents a high QoL, but a high score for a symptom scale/item represents a high level of symptomatology/problem.
Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire ScoreBaseline, 24 MonthsThe EORTC QLQ-HCC-18 was an 18-item questionnaire design used along with the 30-item EORTC QLQ-C30. EORTC QLQ-HCC 18 questionnaire included 8 symptom scales such as abdominal swelling, sex life, fatigue, body image, jaundice, nutrition, pain and fever. Each individual item ranges from 1 to 4, where 1 = not at all and 4 = very much. All domain scores were calculated as an average of item scores and transformed to 0 to 100 score range. A high score for a symptom scale/item represented a high level of symptomatology/problem.
Percentage of Participants Achieving Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) (Objective Response Rate [ORR])Randomization to Measured Progressive Disease (Up To 24 Months)ORR was the percentage of participants achieving a best overall response (BOR) of complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) as per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1. CR defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and no appearance of new lesions. PR defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameters (LD) of target lesions (taking as reference the baseline sum LD), no progression of non-target lesions, and no appearance of new lesions. PD was at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, with reference being the smallest sum on study and an absolute increase of at least 5 mm, or unequivocal progression of non-target lesions, or 1 or more new lesions. Overall response rate is calculated as a total number of participants with CR or PR divided by the total number of participants with at least 1 measurable lesion, multiplied by 100.

Countries

China, Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand

Participant flow

Pre-assignment details

In the Participant Flow, participants who completed were those who died due to any cause or were alive and on study at conclusion but off treatment.

Participants by arm

ArmCount
150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy
150 mg galunisertib administered orally, BID for 14 days followed by 14 days with no study drug (28 days cycle).
20
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy
150 mg galunisertib administered orally, BID for 14 days followed by 14 days with no study drug (28 days cycle). 400 mg sorafenib administered orally BID for 28 days.
74
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy
Placebo administered orally BID for 14 days followed by 14 days with no study drug (28 days cycle). 400 mg sorafenib administered orally BID for 28 days.
38
Total132

Withdrawals & dropouts

PeriodReasonFG000FG001FG002
Overall StudyLost to Follow-up100
Overall StudyWithdrawal by Subject022

Baseline characteristics

Characteristic150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyTotal
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
19 Participants10 Participants7 Participants36 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
55 Participants28 Participants13 Participants96 Participants
Age, Continuous59.0 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.5
58.6 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.8
60.6 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.8
59.1 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.4
Alcohol drinks per week3.3 Standard alcohol drinks per week
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.7
2.3 Standard alcohol drinks per week
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.8
5.7 Standard alcohol drinks per week
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.2
3.4 Standard alcohol drinks per week
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.8
Alcohol use
Current
44 Participants20 Participants13 Participants77 Participants
Alcohol use
Former
1 Participants2 Participants0 Participants3 Participants
Alcohol use
Never
29 Participants16 Participants7 Participants52 Participants
BMI23.224 kilogram per square metre (kg/m2)
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.248
22.843 kilogram per square metre (kg/m2)
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.062
24.806 kilogram per square metre (kg/m2)
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.105
23.354 kilogram per square metre (kg/m2)
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.373
Height165.30 Centimeter (cm)
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.5
166.55 Centimeter (cm)
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.69
162.84 Centimeter (cm)
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.38
165.29 Centimeter (cm)
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.05
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
74 Participants38 Participants20 Participants132 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Region of Enrollment
China
15 Participants8 Participants0 Participants23 Participants
Region of Enrollment
Hong Kong
10 Participants6 Participants6 Participants22 Participants
Region of Enrollment
South Korea
33 Participants13 Participants7 Participants53 Participants
Region of Enrollment
Taiwan
11 Participants9 Participants7 Participants27 Participants
Region of Enrollment
Thailand
5 Participants2 Participants0 Participants7 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
12 Participants1 Participants4 Participants17 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
62 Participants37 Participants16 Participants115 Participants
Tobacco use
Current
11 Participants5 Participants6 Participants22 Participants
Tobacco use
Former
35 Participants22 Participants7 Participants64 Participants
Tobacco use
Never
28 Participants11 Participants7 Participants46 Participants
Weight63.575 kilogram (kg)62.400 kilogram (kg)66.400 kilogram (kg)63.575 kilogram (kg)

Adverse events

Event typeEG000
affected / at risk
EG001
affected / at risk
EG002
affected / at risk
deaths
Total, all-cause mortality
15 / 2058 / 7431 / 38
other
Total, other adverse events
17 / 2073 / 7438 / 38
serious
Total, serious adverse events
6 / 2031 / 7411 / 38

Outcome results

Primary

Overall Survival (OS): Number of Events

OS defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of death due to any cause. An overall survival event was defined as death due to any cause. For each participant who is not known to have died as of the data-inclusion cutoff date for overall survival analysis, OS time was censored on the last date the participant is known to be alive. The number of participants with overall survival events (deaths) is reported.

Time frame: Randomization to Date of Death from Any Cause (Up To 24 Months)

Population: All randomized participants. Censored participants: Galunisertib Monotherapy =5, Galunisertib Plus Sorafenib Therapy = 16 and Sorafenib Plus Placebo Therapy = 7.

ArmMeasureValue (NUMBER)
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyOverall Survival (OS): Number of Events15 Participants with events
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib TherapyOverall Survival (OS): Number of Events58 Participants with events
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo TherapyOverall Survival (OS): Number of Events31 Participants with events
p-value: 0.83795% CI: [0.434, 1.226]Bayesian exponential-likelihood model
p-value: 0.70495% CI: [0.633, 1.266]Bayesian exponential-likelihood model
Secondary

Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire Score

The EORTC QLQ-HCC-18 was an 18-item questionnaire design used along with the 30-item EORTC QLQ-C30. EORTC QLQ-HCC 18 questionnaire included 8 symptom scales such as abdominal swelling, sex life, fatigue, body image, jaundice, nutrition, pain and fever. Each individual item ranges from 1 to 4, where 1 = not at all and 4 = very much. All domain scores were calculated as an average of item scores and transformed to 0 to 100 score range. A high score for a symptom scale/item represented a high level of symptomatology/problem.

Time frame: Baseline, 24 Months

Population: All randomized participants who received at least one dose of study drug with baseline and post-baseline EORTC-QLQ HCC-18 data for each EORTC-QLQ HCC-18 items.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (MEAN)Dispersion
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyChange From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire ScoreAbdominal swelling24.56 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 33.04
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyChange From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire ScoreSex Life28.07 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 31.94
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyChange From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire ScoreFatigue32.16 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 21.563
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyChange From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire ScoreBody Image28.07 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 26.089
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyChange From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire ScoreJaundice20.18 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 25.202
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyChange From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire ScoreNutrition22.46 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 21.223
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyChange From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire ScorePain25.44 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 18.732
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyChange From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire ScoreFever14.04 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 16.909
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib TherapyChange From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire ScoreFatigue47.86 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 29.128
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib TherapyChange From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire ScorePain25.38 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 21.471
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib TherapyChange From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire ScoreBody Image36.15 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 22.93
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib TherapyChange From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire ScoreJaundice27.69 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 25.392
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib TherapyChange From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire ScoreNutrition34.05 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 23.456
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib TherapyChange From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire ScoreAbdominal swelling32.82 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 31.453
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib TherapyChange From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire ScoreSex Life58.97 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 35.242
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib TherapyChange From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire ScoreFever25.38 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 25.019
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo TherapyChange From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire ScoreFatigue46.98 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 26.278
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo TherapyChange From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire ScoreSex Life46.08 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 35.783
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo TherapyChange From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire ScoreAbdominal swelling27.62 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 24.899
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo TherapyChange From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire ScoreBody Image31.90 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 20.758
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo TherapyChange From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire ScorePain30.95 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 21.822
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo TherapyChange From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire ScoreNutrition34.48 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 18.611
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo TherapyChange From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire ScoreJaundice25.24 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 21.531
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo TherapyChange From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire ScoreFever20.48 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 20.646
Secondary

Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score

EORTC QLQ-C30 consists of 30 items covered by 1 of 3 dimensions: 1. Global health status/quality of life (2 items) with scores ranging from 1 (Very Poor) to 7 (Excellent). 2. Functional scales (15 total items addressing either physical, role, emotional, cognitive, or social functioning), each item scores ranging from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much). 3. Symptom scales (13 total items addressing either fatigue, nausea/vomiting, pain, dyspnoea, insomnia, appetite loss, constipation, diarrhea, or financial impact), each item scores ranging from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much). All domain scores were calculated as an average of item scores and transformed to 0 to 100 score range. A high score for a functional scale represents a high/healthy level of functioning, a high score for the global health status/quality of life (QoL) represents a high QoL, but a high score for a symptom scale/item represents a high level of symptomatology/problem.

Time frame: Baseline, 24 Months

Population: All randomized participants who received at least one dose of study drug and with baseline and post-baseline EORTC QLQ-C30 data for each EORTC QLQ-C30 items.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (MEAN)Dispersion
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreFunctional Scale: Social Functioning83.33 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 24.845
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreFunctional scale: Role functioning89.47 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 14.918
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreSymptom scale: Insomnia21.05 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 31.838
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreSymptom Scale: Fatigue21.05 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 23.393
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreFunctional scale: Physical functioning84.56 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 16.338
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreSymptom scale: Dyspnoea17.54 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 28.04
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreSymptom Scale: Nausea and Vomiting2.63 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 8.358
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreSymptom scale: Constipation5.26 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 12.488
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreSymptom scale: Pain17.54 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 19.621
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreFunctional Scale: Emotional Functioning84.65 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 18.271
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreSymptom scale: Financial difficulties15.79 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 25.744
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreGlobal health status43.42 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 23.171
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreFunctional Scale: Cognitive Functioning89.47 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 16.86
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreSymptom scale: Diarrhoea10.53 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 19.413
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreSymptom scale: Appetite loss15.79 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 25.744
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreSymptom scale: Appetite loss16.92 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 25.768
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreGlobal health status55.90 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 22.473
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreFunctional scale: Physical functioning82.87 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 19.613
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreFunctional scale: Role functioning82.05 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 24.88
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreFunctional Scale: Emotional Functioning87.18 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 17.247
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreFunctional Scale: Cognitive Functioning91.03 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 14.754
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreFunctional Scale: Social Functioning84.10 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 19.859
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreSymptom Scale: Fatigue24.10 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 22.444
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreSymptom Scale: Nausea and Vomiting3.85 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 8.725
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreSymptom scale: Pain17.18 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 25.34
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreSymptom scale: Dyspnoea11.79 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 19.922
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreSymptom scale: Insomnia9.74 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 19.296
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreSymptom scale: Constipation6.15 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 13.033
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreSymptom scale: Diarrhoea4.62 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 13.013
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreSymptom scale: Financial difficulties23.08 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 26.954
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreFunctional Scale: Social Functioning84.29 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 18.052
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreSymptom scale: Diarrhoea10.48 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 17.66
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreSymptom scale: Insomnia16.19 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 16.903
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreFunctional Scale: Cognitive Functioning85.71 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 18.142
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreFunctional Scale: Emotional Functioning86.90 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 13.898
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreSymptom scale: Appetite loss18.10 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 23.351
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreFunctional scale: Role functioning85.24 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 19.289
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreGlobal health status58.57 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 17.326
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreSymptom scale: Constipation6.67 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 15.76
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreSymptom Scale: Nausea and Vomiting3.33 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 8.856
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreFunctional scale: Physical functioning80.95 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 16.58
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreSymptom scale: Pain14.76 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 20.521
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreSymptom Scale: Fatigue25.40 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 18.39
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreSymptom scale: Financial difficulties20.95 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 22.989
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo TherapyChange From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) ScoreSymptom scale: Dyspnoea12.38 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 18.232
Secondary

Percentage of Participants Achieving Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) (Objective Response Rate [ORR])

ORR was the percentage of participants achieving a best overall response (BOR) of complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) as per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1. CR defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and no appearance of new lesions. PR defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameters (LD) of target lesions (taking as reference the baseline sum LD), no progression of non-target lesions, and no appearance of new lesions. PD was at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, with reference being the smallest sum on study and an absolute increase of at least 5 mm, or unequivocal progression of non-target lesions, or 1 or more new lesions. Overall response rate is calculated as a total number of participants with CR or PR divided by the total number of participants with at least 1 measurable lesion, multiplied by 100.

Time frame: Randomization to Measured Progressive Disease (Up To 24 Months)

Population: All randomized participants.

ArmMeasureValue (NUMBER)
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyPercentage of Participants Achieving Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) (Objective Response Rate [ORR])0.05 Percentage of participants
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib TherapyPercentage of Participants Achieving Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) (Objective Response Rate [ORR])0.027 Percentage of participants
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo TherapyPercentage of Participants Achieving Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) (Objective Response Rate [ORR])0.158 Percentage of participants
Secondary

Population Pharmacokinetics (PopPK): Mean Population Clearance of Galunisertib

Population mean (between-subject coefficient variance \[CV %\]) apparent clearance.

Time frame: Cycle (C) 1: Day (D)1: Predose, 0.5-2 hours(h) Postdose; D14: Predose, 0.5-2, 3-5 h, Postdose; D15 Morning; D22 Morning; Predose C2 and C3 Predose D1

Population: All randomized participants who received at least one dose of study drug, with evaluable galunisertib PK data. The analyses conducted on galunisertib exposure parameter from both arms combined per the statistical analysis plan, as monotherapy and combination arm showed no difference in galunisertib PK.

ArmMeasureValue (GEOMETRIC_MEAN)Dispersion
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyPopulation Pharmacokinetics (PopPK): Mean Population Clearance of Galunisertib33.6 Liter per hour (L/hr)Geometric Coefficient of Variation 48
Secondary

Population Pharmacokinetics (PopPK): Steady State Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vss) of Galunisertib

Population Vss \[distribution of galunisertib in the body at steady state\] after a single dose of galunisertib.

Time frame: Cycle (C) 1: Day (D)1: Predose, 0.5-2 hours(h) Postdose; D14: Predose, 0.5-2, 3-5 h, Postdose; D15 Morning; D22 Morning; Predose C2 and C3 Predose D1

Population: All randomized participants who received at least one dose of study drug, with evaluable galunisertib PK data. The analyses conducted on galunisertib exposure parameter from both arms combined per the statistical analysis plan, as monotherapy and combination arm showed no difference in galunisertib PK.

ArmMeasureValue (GEOMETRIC_MEAN)Dispersion
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyPopulation Pharmacokinetics (PopPK): Steady State Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vss) of Galunisertib192 Liters (L)Geometric Coefficient of Variation 69
Secondary

Progression-Free Survival (PFS)

PFS defined as the time from the date of randomization to the first evidence of disease progression as defined by response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) v1.1 or death from any cause. Progressive Disease (PD) was at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, with reference being the smallest sum on study and an absolute increase of at least 5 mm, or unequivocal progression of non-target lesions, or 1 or more new lesions. If a participant does not have a complete baseline disease assessment, then the PFS time was censored at the date of randomization, regardless of whether or not objectively determined disease progression or death has been observed for the participant. If a participant was not known to have died or have objective progression as of the data inclusion cutoff date for the analysis, the PFS time was censored at the last adequate tumor assessment date.

Time frame: Randomization to Measured Progressive Disease or Death (Up To 24 Months)

Population: All randomized participants. Censored participants: Galunisertib Monotherapy =1, Galunisertib Plus Sorafenib Therapy = 8 and Sorafenib Plus Placebo Therapy = 5.

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyProgression-Free Survival (PFS)1.41 Months
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib TherapyProgression-Free Survival (PFS)2.86 Months
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo TherapyProgression-Free Survival (PFS)4.14 Months
Secondary

Time to Tumor Progression (TTP)

TTP at initial treatment was defined as the number of months between date of randomization and the date of first documented disease progression or the date of death due to disease under study, whichever came first. Progression was assessed by the Response Evaluation Criteria for Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1.Progressive Disease (PD)is at least a 20% increase in the sum of the LD of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum LD recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions.

Time frame: Randomization to the Date of Objective Progressive Disease or Date of Death due to Study Disease, whichever came first (Up To 24 Months)

Population: All randomized participants. Censored participants: Galunisertib Monotherapy =2, Galunisertib Plus Sorafenib Therapy = 15 and Sorafenib Plus Placebo Therapy = 9.

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
150 mg Galunisertib MonotherapyTime to Tumor Progression (TTP)1.41 Months
150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib TherapyTime to Tumor Progression (TTP)2.86 Months
400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo TherapyTime to Tumor Progression (TTP)4.14 Months

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Feb 7, 2026