Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Conditions
Keywords
transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)
Brief summary
The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the study drug known as LY2157299 in participants with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Interventions
Sponsors
Study design
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
* Have histological evidence of a diagnosis of HCC not amenable to curative surgery. * Have Child-Pugh Class A. * Have the presence of measurable disease. * Have adequate organ function. * Have a performance status of ≤1 on the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scale. * If male or female with reproductive potential, must agree to use medically approved contraceptive precautions during the trial and for 3 months following the last dose of study drug. * If females with childbearing potential, must have had a negative serum pregnancy test 7 days prior to the first dose of study drug. * Are able to swallow capsules or tablets. * Have available diagnostic or biopsy tumor tissue.
Exclusion criteria
* Have received previous systemic treatment for advanced disease. * Have known HCC with fibro-lamellar or mixed histology. * Have presence of clinically relevant ascites. * Have had a liver transplant. * Have moderate or severe cardiac disease. * Have active or uncontrolled clinically serious hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus infection. * Have experienced Grade 3 or 4 gastrointestinal bleeding or any variceal bleeding episode in the 3 months prior to enrollment requiring transfusion or endoscopic or operative intervention. * Have esophageal or gastric varices that require immediate intervention or represent a high bleeding risk. * Had major surgery within 4 weeks prior to the study randomization.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Survival (OS): Number of Events | Randomization to Date of Death from Any Cause (Up To 24 Months) | OS defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of death due to any cause. An overall survival event was defined as death due to any cause. For each participant who is not known to have died as of the data-inclusion cutoff date for overall survival analysis, OS time was censored on the last date the participant is known to be alive. The number of participants with overall survival events (deaths) is reported. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Population Pharmacokinetics (PopPK): Steady State Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vss) of Galunisertib | Cycle (C) 1: Day (D)1: Predose, 0.5-2 hours(h) Postdose; D14: Predose, 0.5-2, 3-5 h, Postdose; D15 Morning; D22 Morning; Predose C2 and C3 Predose D1 | Population Vss \[distribution of galunisertib in the body at steady state\] after a single dose of galunisertib. |
| Time to Tumor Progression (TTP) | Randomization to the Date of Objective Progressive Disease or Date of Death due to Study Disease, whichever came first (Up To 24 Months) | TTP at initial treatment was defined as the number of months between date of randomization and the date of first documented disease progression or the date of death due to disease under study, whichever came first. Progression was assessed by the Response Evaluation Criteria for Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1.Progressive Disease (PD)is at least a 20% increase in the sum of the LD of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum LD recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions. |
| Progression-Free Survival (PFS) | Randomization to Measured Progressive Disease or Death (Up To 24 Months) | PFS defined as the time from the date of randomization to the first evidence of disease progression as defined by response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) v1.1 or death from any cause. Progressive Disease (PD) was at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, with reference being the smallest sum on study and an absolute increase of at least 5 mm, or unequivocal progression of non-target lesions, or 1 or more new lesions. If a participant does not have a complete baseline disease assessment, then the PFS time was censored at the date of randomization, regardless of whether or not objectively determined disease progression or death has been observed for the participant. If a participant was not known to have died or have objective progression as of the data inclusion cutoff date for the analysis, the PFS time was censored at the last adequate tumor assessment date. |
| Population Pharmacokinetics (PopPK): Mean Population Clearance of Galunisertib | Cycle (C) 1: Day (D)1: Predose, 0.5-2 hours(h) Postdose; D14: Predose, 0.5-2, 3-5 h, Postdose; D15 Morning; D22 Morning; Predose C2 and C3 Predose D1 | Population mean (between-subject coefficient variance \[CV %\]) apparent clearance. |
| Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Baseline, 24 Months | EORTC QLQ-C30 consists of 30 items covered by 1 of 3 dimensions: 1. Global health status/quality of life (2 items) with scores ranging from 1 (Very Poor) to 7 (Excellent). 2. Functional scales (15 total items addressing either physical, role, emotional, cognitive, or social functioning), each item scores ranging from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much). 3. Symptom scales (13 total items addressing either fatigue, nausea/vomiting, pain, dyspnoea, insomnia, appetite loss, constipation, diarrhea, or financial impact), each item scores ranging from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much). All domain scores were calculated as an average of item scores and transformed to 0 to 100 score range. A high score for a functional scale represents a high/healthy level of functioning, a high score for the global health status/quality of life (QoL) represents a high QoL, but a high score for a symptom scale/item represents a high level of symptomatology/problem. |
| Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire Score | Baseline, 24 Months | The EORTC QLQ-HCC-18 was an 18-item questionnaire design used along with the 30-item EORTC QLQ-C30. EORTC QLQ-HCC 18 questionnaire included 8 symptom scales such as abdominal swelling, sex life, fatigue, body image, jaundice, nutrition, pain and fever. Each individual item ranges from 1 to 4, where 1 = not at all and 4 = very much. All domain scores were calculated as an average of item scores and transformed to 0 to 100 score range. A high score for a symptom scale/item represented a high level of symptomatology/problem. |
| Percentage of Participants Achieving Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) (Objective Response Rate [ORR]) | Randomization to Measured Progressive Disease (Up To 24 Months) | ORR was the percentage of participants achieving a best overall response (BOR) of complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) as per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1. CR defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and no appearance of new lesions. PR defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameters (LD) of target lesions (taking as reference the baseline sum LD), no progression of non-target lesions, and no appearance of new lesions. PD was at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, with reference being the smallest sum on study and an absolute increase of at least 5 mm, or unequivocal progression of non-target lesions, or 1 or more new lesions. Overall response rate is calculated as a total number of participants with CR or PR divided by the total number of participants with at least 1 measurable lesion, multiplied by 100. |
Countries
China, Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
In the Participant Flow, participants who completed were those who died due to any cause or were alive and on study at conclusion but off treatment.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy 150 mg galunisertib administered orally, BID for 14 days followed by 14 days with no study drug (28 days cycle). | 20 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy 150 mg galunisertib administered orally, BID for 14 days followed by 14 days with no study drug (28 days cycle).
400 mg sorafenib administered orally BID for 28 days. | 74 |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy Placebo administered orally BID for 14 days followed by 14 days with no study drug (28 days cycle).
400 mg sorafenib administered orally BID for 28 days. | 38 |
| Total | 132 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 | FG002 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 19 Participants | 10 Participants | 7 Participants | 36 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 55 Participants | 28 Participants | 13 Participants | 96 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 59.0 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.5 | 58.6 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.8 | 60.6 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.8 | 59.1 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.4 |
| Alcohol drinks per week | 3.3 Standard alcohol drinks per week STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.7 | 2.3 Standard alcohol drinks per week STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.8 | 5.7 Standard alcohol drinks per week STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.2 | 3.4 Standard alcohol drinks per week STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.8 |
| Alcohol use Current | 44 Participants | 20 Participants | 13 Participants | 77 Participants |
| Alcohol use Former | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 0 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Alcohol use Never | 29 Participants | 16 Participants | 7 Participants | 52 Participants |
| BMI | 23.224 kilogram per square metre (kg/m2) STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.248 | 22.843 kilogram per square metre (kg/m2) STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.062 | 24.806 kilogram per square metre (kg/m2) STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.105 | 23.354 kilogram per square metre (kg/m2) STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.373 |
| Height | 165.30 Centimeter (cm) STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.5 | 166.55 Centimeter (cm) STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.69 | 162.84 Centimeter (cm) STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.38 | 165.29 Centimeter (cm) STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.05 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 74 Participants | 38 Participants | 20 Participants | 132 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment China | 15 Participants | 8 Participants | 0 Participants | 23 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment Hong Kong | 10 Participants | 6 Participants | 6 Participants | 22 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment South Korea | 33 Participants | 13 Participants | 7 Participants | 53 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment Taiwan | 11 Participants | 9 Participants | 7 Participants | 27 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment Thailand | 5 Participants | 2 Participants | 0 Participants | 7 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 12 Participants | 1 Participants | 4 Participants | 17 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 62 Participants | 37 Participants | 16 Participants | 115 Participants |
| Tobacco use Current | 11 Participants | 5 Participants | 6 Participants | 22 Participants |
| Tobacco use Former | 35 Participants | 22 Participants | 7 Participants | 64 Participants |
| Tobacco use Never | 28 Participants | 11 Participants | 7 Participants | 46 Participants |
| Weight | 63.575 kilogram (kg) | 62.400 kilogram (kg) | 66.400 kilogram (kg) | 63.575 kilogram (kg) |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 15 / 20 | 58 / 74 | 31 / 38 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 17 / 20 | 73 / 74 | 38 / 38 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 6 / 20 | 31 / 74 | 11 / 38 |
Outcome results
Overall Survival (OS): Number of Events
OS defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of death due to any cause. An overall survival event was defined as death due to any cause. For each participant who is not known to have died as of the data-inclusion cutoff date for overall survival analysis, OS time was censored on the last date the participant is known to be alive. The number of participants with overall survival events (deaths) is reported.
Time frame: Randomization to Date of Death from Any Cause (Up To 24 Months)
Population: All randomized participants. Censored participants: Galunisertib Monotherapy =5, Galunisertib Plus Sorafenib Therapy = 16 and Sorafenib Plus Placebo Therapy = 7.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Overall Survival (OS): Number of Events | 15 Participants with events |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | Overall Survival (OS): Number of Events | 58 Participants with events |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | Overall Survival (OS): Number of Events | 31 Participants with events |
Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire Score
The EORTC QLQ-HCC-18 was an 18-item questionnaire design used along with the 30-item EORTC QLQ-C30. EORTC QLQ-HCC 18 questionnaire included 8 symptom scales such as abdominal swelling, sex life, fatigue, body image, jaundice, nutrition, pain and fever. Each individual item ranges from 1 to 4, where 1 = not at all and 4 = very much. All domain scores were calculated as an average of item scores and transformed to 0 to 100 score range. A high score for a symptom scale/item represented a high level of symptomatology/problem.
Time frame: Baseline, 24 Months
Population: All randomized participants who received at least one dose of study drug with baseline and post-baseline EORTC-QLQ HCC-18 data for each EORTC-QLQ HCC-18 items.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire Score | Abdominal swelling | 24.56 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 33.04 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire Score | Sex Life | 28.07 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 31.94 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire Score | Fatigue | 32.16 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 21.563 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire Score | Body Image | 28.07 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 26.089 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire Score | Jaundice | 20.18 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 25.202 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire Score | Nutrition | 22.46 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 21.223 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire Score | Pain | 25.44 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 18.732 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire Score | Fever | 14.04 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 16.909 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire Score | Fatigue | 47.86 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 29.128 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire Score | Pain | 25.38 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 21.471 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire Score | Body Image | 36.15 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 22.93 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire Score | Jaundice | 27.69 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 25.392 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire Score | Nutrition | 34.05 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 23.456 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire Score | Abdominal swelling | 32.82 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 31.453 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire Score | Sex Life | 58.97 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 35.242 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire Score | Fever | 25.38 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 25.019 |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire Score | Fatigue | 46.98 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 26.278 |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire Score | Sex Life | 46.08 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 35.783 |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire Score | Abdominal swelling | 27.62 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 24.899 |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire Score | Body Image | 31.90 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 20.758 |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire Score | Pain | 30.95 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 21.822 |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire Score | Nutrition | 34.48 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 18.611 |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire Score | Jaundice | 25.24 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 21.531 |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | Change From Baseline in EORTC QLQ Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC-18) Questionnaire Score | Fever | 20.48 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 20.646 |
Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score
EORTC QLQ-C30 consists of 30 items covered by 1 of 3 dimensions: 1. Global health status/quality of life (2 items) with scores ranging from 1 (Very Poor) to 7 (Excellent). 2. Functional scales (15 total items addressing either physical, role, emotional, cognitive, or social functioning), each item scores ranging from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much). 3. Symptom scales (13 total items addressing either fatigue, nausea/vomiting, pain, dyspnoea, insomnia, appetite loss, constipation, diarrhea, or financial impact), each item scores ranging from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much). All domain scores were calculated as an average of item scores and transformed to 0 to 100 score range. A high score for a functional scale represents a high/healthy level of functioning, a high score for the global health status/quality of life (QoL) represents a high QoL, but a high score for a symptom scale/item represents a high level of symptomatology/problem.
Time frame: Baseline, 24 Months
Population: All randomized participants who received at least one dose of study drug and with baseline and post-baseline EORTC QLQ-C30 data for each EORTC QLQ-C30 items.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Functional Scale: Social Functioning | 83.33 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 24.845 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Functional scale: Role functioning | 89.47 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 14.918 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Symptom scale: Insomnia | 21.05 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 31.838 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Symptom Scale: Fatigue | 21.05 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 23.393 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Functional scale: Physical functioning | 84.56 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 16.338 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Symptom scale: Dyspnoea | 17.54 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 28.04 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Symptom Scale: Nausea and Vomiting | 2.63 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.358 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Symptom scale: Constipation | 5.26 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 12.488 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Symptom scale: Pain | 17.54 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 19.621 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Functional Scale: Emotional Functioning | 84.65 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 18.271 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Symptom scale: Financial difficulties | 15.79 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 25.744 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Global health status | 43.42 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 23.171 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Functional Scale: Cognitive Functioning | 89.47 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 16.86 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Symptom scale: Diarrhoea | 10.53 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 19.413 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Symptom scale: Appetite loss | 15.79 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 25.744 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Symptom scale: Appetite loss | 16.92 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 25.768 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Global health status | 55.90 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 22.473 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Functional scale: Physical functioning | 82.87 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 19.613 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Functional scale: Role functioning | 82.05 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 24.88 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Functional Scale: Emotional Functioning | 87.18 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 17.247 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Functional Scale: Cognitive Functioning | 91.03 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 14.754 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Functional Scale: Social Functioning | 84.10 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 19.859 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Symptom Scale: Fatigue | 24.10 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 22.444 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Symptom Scale: Nausea and Vomiting | 3.85 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.725 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Symptom scale: Pain | 17.18 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 25.34 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Symptom scale: Dyspnoea | 11.79 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 19.922 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Symptom scale: Insomnia | 9.74 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 19.296 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Symptom scale: Constipation | 6.15 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 13.033 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Symptom scale: Diarrhoea | 4.62 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 13.013 |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Symptom scale: Financial difficulties | 23.08 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 26.954 |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Functional Scale: Social Functioning | 84.29 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 18.052 |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Symptom scale: Diarrhoea | 10.48 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 17.66 |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Symptom scale: Insomnia | 16.19 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 16.903 |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Functional Scale: Cognitive Functioning | 85.71 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 18.142 |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Functional Scale: Emotional Functioning | 86.90 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 13.898 |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Symptom scale: Appetite loss | 18.10 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 23.351 |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Functional scale: Role functioning | 85.24 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 19.289 |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Global health status | 58.57 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 17.326 |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Symptom scale: Constipation | 6.67 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 15.76 |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Symptom Scale: Nausea and Vomiting | 3.33 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.856 |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Functional scale: Physical functioning | 80.95 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 16.58 |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Symptom scale: Pain | 14.76 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 20.521 |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Symptom Scale: Fatigue | 25.40 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 18.39 |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Symptom scale: Financial difficulties | 20.95 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 22.989 |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | Change From Baseline in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-30) Score | Symptom scale: Dyspnoea | 12.38 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 18.232 |
Percentage of Participants Achieving Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) (Objective Response Rate [ORR])
ORR was the percentage of participants achieving a best overall response (BOR) of complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) as per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1. CR defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and no appearance of new lesions. PR defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameters (LD) of target lesions (taking as reference the baseline sum LD), no progression of non-target lesions, and no appearance of new lesions. PD was at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, with reference being the smallest sum on study and an absolute increase of at least 5 mm, or unequivocal progression of non-target lesions, or 1 or more new lesions. Overall response rate is calculated as a total number of participants with CR or PR divided by the total number of participants with at least 1 measurable lesion, multiplied by 100.
Time frame: Randomization to Measured Progressive Disease (Up To 24 Months)
Population: All randomized participants.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Percentage of Participants Achieving Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) (Objective Response Rate [ORR]) | 0.05 Percentage of participants |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | Percentage of Participants Achieving Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) (Objective Response Rate [ORR]) | 0.027 Percentage of participants |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | Percentage of Participants Achieving Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) (Objective Response Rate [ORR]) | 0.158 Percentage of participants |
Population Pharmacokinetics (PopPK): Mean Population Clearance of Galunisertib
Population mean (between-subject coefficient variance \[CV %\]) apparent clearance.
Time frame: Cycle (C) 1: Day (D)1: Predose, 0.5-2 hours(h) Postdose; D14: Predose, 0.5-2, 3-5 h, Postdose; D15 Morning; D22 Morning; Predose C2 and C3 Predose D1
Population: All randomized participants who received at least one dose of study drug, with evaluable galunisertib PK data. The analyses conducted on galunisertib exposure parameter from both arms combined per the statistical analysis plan, as monotherapy and combination arm showed no difference in galunisertib PK.
| Arm | Measure | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Population Pharmacokinetics (PopPK): Mean Population Clearance of Galunisertib | 33.6 Liter per hour (L/hr) | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 48 |
Population Pharmacokinetics (PopPK): Steady State Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vss) of Galunisertib
Population Vss \[distribution of galunisertib in the body at steady state\] after a single dose of galunisertib.
Time frame: Cycle (C) 1: Day (D)1: Predose, 0.5-2 hours(h) Postdose; D14: Predose, 0.5-2, 3-5 h, Postdose; D15 Morning; D22 Morning; Predose C2 and C3 Predose D1
Population: All randomized participants who received at least one dose of study drug, with evaluable galunisertib PK data. The analyses conducted on galunisertib exposure parameter from both arms combined per the statistical analysis plan, as monotherapy and combination arm showed no difference in galunisertib PK.
| Arm | Measure | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Population Pharmacokinetics (PopPK): Steady State Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vss) of Galunisertib | 192 Liters (L) | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 69 |
Progression-Free Survival (PFS)
PFS defined as the time from the date of randomization to the first evidence of disease progression as defined by response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) v1.1 or death from any cause. Progressive Disease (PD) was at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, with reference being the smallest sum on study and an absolute increase of at least 5 mm, or unequivocal progression of non-target lesions, or 1 or more new lesions. If a participant does not have a complete baseline disease assessment, then the PFS time was censored at the date of randomization, regardless of whether or not objectively determined disease progression or death has been observed for the participant. If a participant was not known to have died or have objective progression as of the data inclusion cutoff date for the analysis, the PFS time was censored at the last adequate tumor assessment date.
Time frame: Randomization to Measured Progressive Disease or Death (Up To 24 Months)
Population: All randomized participants. Censored participants: Galunisertib Monotherapy =1, Galunisertib Plus Sorafenib Therapy = 8 and Sorafenib Plus Placebo Therapy = 5.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Progression-Free Survival (PFS) | 1.41 Months |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | Progression-Free Survival (PFS) | 2.86 Months |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | Progression-Free Survival (PFS) | 4.14 Months |
Time to Tumor Progression (TTP)
TTP at initial treatment was defined as the number of months between date of randomization and the date of first documented disease progression or the date of death due to disease under study, whichever came first. Progression was assessed by the Response Evaluation Criteria for Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1.Progressive Disease (PD)is at least a 20% increase in the sum of the LD of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum LD recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions.
Time frame: Randomization to the Date of Objective Progressive Disease or Date of Death due to Study Disease, whichever came first (Up To 24 Months)
Population: All randomized participants. Censored participants: Galunisertib Monotherapy =2, Galunisertib Plus Sorafenib Therapy = 15 and Sorafenib Plus Placebo Therapy = 9.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| 150 mg Galunisertib Monotherapy | Time to Tumor Progression (TTP) | 1.41 Months |
| 150 mg Galunisertib + 400 mg Sorafenib Therapy | Time to Tumor Progression (TTP) | 2.86 Months |
| 400 mg Sorafenib + Placebo Therapy | Time to Tumor Progression (TTP) | 4.14 Months |