Contraception
Conditions
Keywords
intrauterine device, postpartum, contraception, Mirena, Paragard, intrauterine system
Brief summary
The study will be a randomized clinical trial. Women with less than 10 prenatal visits and/or 2 or more no show visits who desire an Intrauterine Device (IUD) will be considered for enrollment. If consented and meet inclusion criteria, they will be randomized after delivery to receive an IUD immediately postplacental or at their routine postpartum visit. Women who plan to deliver a live birth singleton via vaginal or cesarean delivery at Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) hospital will be considered for inclusion in the study. Women who desire an IUD for postpartum contraception will be approached for study participation. The postpartum contraception plan is routinely documented during their prenatal course. It is also addressed by the obstetrical team upon admission to Labor & Delivery at OHSU. The obstetrical team will identify subjects who present in labor who meet the criteria of poor prenatal clinic attendance and express interest in intrauterine contraception. Immediately after vaginal or cesarean delivery, consented subjects will be randomized to immediate postplacental IUD placement or IUD placement at their routine postpartum visit. Women randomized to the immediate postplacental IUD group will receive their IUD within 60 minutes of placental delivery. Prior to discharge from the hospital women who received a postplacental IUD will be assisted in scheduling a routine postpartum visit with their primary provider. Subjects who are randomized for IUD insertion at their postpartum visit will be assisted in scheduling a postpartum visit and IUD placement with their usual obstetrical care provider. All subjects in the delayed group will be provided with contact information for the Women's Health Research Unit (WHRU) at OHSU. If a subject cannot obtain an IUD at her usual place of care, the device will be placed at no cost through the WHRU. At 3 months after delivery, all subjects will be contacted by phone, text, or email to complete a questionnaire to determine whether they have had a known expulsion, pregnancy, or elective IUD removal. The questionnaire will include questions regarding ease of placement and overall satisfaction with the timing of placement. Subjects will be compensated for their participation in the study after the 3 month contact.
Interventions
DEVICEMirena
A radio-opaque T-shaped polyethylene device containing 52mg of levonorgestrel dispersed in polydimethylsiloxane on its stem. The progestin is released at a rate of 15 mcg per day.
DEVICEParagard
A T-shaped polyethylene device with 380 mm2 of exposed surface area of fine copper wire wound around its arms and stem. Barium sulfate has been added to the polyethylene frame to make the device radio-opaque. A 3-mm plastic ball is located at the base of the IUD, through which the polyethylene monofilament string passes.
Sponsors
Society of Family Planning
Oregon Health and Science University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
randomized-controlled trial
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 55 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Female * 18 yo or older * Singleton pregnancy at ≥32 weeks gestation at time of enrollment * Voluntarily requesting either copper T380A or levonorgestrel IUD (LNG-IUS) placement for postpartum contraception * English or Spanish speaking * Able to give consent and agree to the terms of the study * Less than 10 prenatal visits or 2 or more no show visits * Since IUDs are not on our hospital formulary, the patient must qualify for a Long Acting Reversible Contraceptive (LARC) IUD (this includes all Oregon Health Plan (OHP) or Citizen/Alien Waived Emergent Medical (CAWEM) insured patients or women with income \<300% of the federal poverty line).
Exclusion criteria
* Anatomic uterine abnormalities that prevent proper fundal placement of IUD (obstructive myomata, bicornuate, septate, etc) * Chorioamnionitis (also consider other risk factors such as prolonged rupture of membranes \>18 hours, prolonged labor \>24 hours, fever \>38C) * Puerperal sepsis * Unresolved postpartum hemorrhage * Extensive genital trauma * Current incarceration * Known or suspected untreated endocervical gonorrhea, chlamydia * Wilson's disease, copper allergy (Paragard only) * Known or suspected cervical or endometrial cancer or pelvic tuberculosis * Current breast cancer (LNG-IUS only) * Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with severe thrombocytopenia (Paragard only) * Trophoblastic disease (benign or malignant) * AIDS not stable on antiretroviral
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Proportion of Subjects With an IUD at 3 Months Postpartum | 3 months postpartum (after delivery) | Subjects were contacted at 3 months after delivery. Comparison of the proportion of women randomized to placement of IUD within 60 minutes of placental delivery or at their 6-week routine postpartum visit who report having an IUD in place at 3 months after delivery. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Immediate Postplacental IUD Insertion Women randomized to the immediate postplacental IUD group will receive their IUD within 60 minutes of placental delivery.
Mirena: A radio-opaque T-shaped polyethylene device containing 52mg of levonorgestrel dispersed in polydimethylsiloxane on its stem. The progestin is released at a rate of 15 mcg per day.
Paragard: A T-shaped polyethylene device with 380 mm2 of exposed surface area of fine copper wire wound around its arms and stem. Barium sulfate has been added to the polyethylene frame to make the device radio-opaque. A 3-mm plastic ball is located at the base of the IUD, through which the polyethylene monofilament string passes. | 17 |
| 6 Weeks Postpartum IUD Insertion Subjects who are randomized for IUD insertion at their postpartum visit will be assisted in scheduling a postpartum visit and IUD placement with their usual obstetrical care provider.
Mirena: A radio-opaque T-shaped polyethylene device containing 52mg of levonorgestrel dispersed in polydimethylsiloxane on its stem. The progestin is released at a rate of 15 mcg per day.
Paragard: A T-shaped polyethylene device with 380 mm2 of exposed surface area of fine copper wire wound around its arms and stem. Barium sulfate has been added to the polyethylene frame to make the device radio-opaque. A 3-mm plastic ball is located at the base of the IUD, through which the polyethylene monofilament string passes. | 16 |
| Total | 33 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | 6 Weeks Postpartum IUD Insertion | Total | Immediate Postplacental IUD Insertion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 16 Participants | 33 Participants | 17 Participants |
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | — | 0 Participants | — |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 16 participants | 33 participants | 17 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 16 Participants | 33 Participants | 17 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 17 | 0 / 16 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 17 | 0 / 16 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 17 | 0 / 16 |
Outcome results
Primary
Proportion of Subjects With an IUD at 3 Months Postpartum
Subjects were contacted at 3 months after delivery. Comparison of the proportion of women randomized to placement of IUD within 60 minutes of placental delivery or at their 6-week routine postpartum visit who report having an IUD in place at 3 months after delivery.
Time frame: 3 months postpartum (after delivery)
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Immediate Postplacental IUD Insertion | Proportion of Subjects With an IUD at 3 Months Postpartum | 12 Participants |
| 6 Weeks Postpartum IUD Insertion | Proportion of Subjects With an IUD at 3 Months Postpartum | 5 Participants |