Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability of Vabomere Compared to Best Available Therapy in Treating Serious Infections in Adults

A Phase 3, Multi-Center, Randomized, Open-Label Study of Vabomere(Meropenem-vaborbactam) Versus Best Available Therapy in Subjects With Selected Serious Infections Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)

Status

Completed

Phases

Phase 3

Study type

Interventional

Source

ClinicalTrials.gov

Registry ID

NCT02168946

Enrollment

Registered

2014-06-20

Start date

2014-07-31

Completion date

2017-07-21

Last updated

2019-03-04

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Urinary Tract Infection Complicated, Acute Pyelonephritis, Hospital Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia, Ventilator-associated Bacterial Pneumonia, Bacteremia, Abdominal Infection

Brief summary

Vabomere™, (meropenem-vaborbactam) is being compared to the Best Available Therapy in the treatment of adults with selected serious infections due to Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Detailed description

In the current era of increased resistance to extended spectrum cephalosporins and penicillin/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations, carbapenem antimicrobial agents are frequently the antibiotics of last defense for the most resistant pathogens in serious infections. However, the recent dissemination of serine carbapenemases (e.g. KPC) in Enterobacteriaceae within many hospitals worldwide now poses a considerable threat to carbapenems and other members of the beta-lactam class of antimicrobial agents. Infections caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are associated with high mortality rates and have limited treatment options. The loss of the carbapenem class of antimicrobial agents for treatment of Enterobacteriaceae (the most frequently occurring pathogens in the hospital setting), Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa represents a critical setback in modern patient care. As a result of the current lack of an optimal treatment for patients who have infections due to a CRE, physicians manage these patients with the limited anti-infective options available, including aminoglycosides, polymyxin B, colistin, tigecycline, or various combinations of these. There are limited efficacy data available for many of these therapies when used to treat serious CRE infections, particularly in combination, but with limited or no alternative therapies currently available, such treatments have become the Best Available Therapy despite the toxicities associated with many of them. Vaborbactam is a novel beta-lactamase inhibitor that has inhibitory activity against many serine beta-lactamases and was optimized for inhibition of the KPC beta-lactamase and the potentiation of carbapenems against Enterobacteriaceae. Vaborbactam is being developed for use with meropenem (a broad spectrum injectable carbapenem antibiotic) to address the challenges of treatment of serious infections caused by pathogens increasingly resistant to available treatments. Vabomere, (meropenem-vaborbactam) administered as a fixed combination by intravenous (IV) infusion, is being developed to treat serious gram-negative infections, such as complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI), acute pyelonephritis (AP), hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia (HABP), ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (VABP), and bacteremia, including those infections caused by bacteria resistant to currently available carbapenems.

Interventions

DRUGVabomere

Vabomere for IV injection, administered as a 2 g/2 g dose

DRUGBest Available Therapy

Antibiotic(s) chosen by Investigator

Study design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Intervention model

PARALLEL

Primary purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)

Masking description

Blinded adjudication committee

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

ALL

Age

18 Years to No maximum

Healthy volunteers

Inclusion criteria

* Inclusion Criteria: 1. Willingness to comply with all study activities and procedures and to provide signed, written informed consent prior to any study procedures. If a subject is unable to provide informed consent due to their medical condition, the subject's legal representative will be provided with study information in order for consent to be obtained. 2. Hospitalized male or female, ≥18 years of age. 3. Weight ≤185 kg. 4. Have a confirmed diagnosis of a serious infection, specifically cUTI or AP, cIAI, HABP, VABP, and/or bacteremia, requiring administration of IV antibacterial therapy. 5. Have a known or suspected Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infection. 6. Expectation, in the opinion of the Investigator, that the subject's infection will require treatment with IV antibiotics for a minimum of 7 days. 7. Expectation that subjects with an estimated creatinine clearance \<10 ml/min (Cockcroft-Gault) will receive hemodialysis at least 2 times per week. 8. For cUTI & AP subjects only: expectation, in the judgment of the Investigator, that any indwelling urinary catheter or instrumentation (including nephrostomy tubes and/or indwelling stents) will be removed or replaced (if removal is not clinically acceptable) before or as soon as possible, but not longer than 12 hours, after randomization. For cIAI subjects only: • Expectation, in the judgment of the investigator, that operative drainage/debridement/removal (including open laparotomy, percutaneous drainage, or laparoscopic surgery) of any intra-abdominal collection or other potential source of intra abdominal infection will be performed; • Expectation that cultures from the aforementioned procedure (including open laparotomy, percutaneous drainage, or laparoscopic surgery) will be sent for microbiological evaluation, including gram stain, culture and susceptibility testing, and Vabomere susceptibility testing. 9. Female subjects of childbearing potential, including those who are less than 2 years post menopausal, must agree to, and comply with, using 2 highly effective methods of birth control (i.e., condom plus spermicide, combined oral contraceptive, implant, injectable, indwelling intrauterine device, sexual abstinence, or a vasectomized partner) while participating in this study. In addition, all women of childbearing potential must agree to continue to use 2 forms of birth control throughout the study and for at least 30 days after administration of the last dose of study drug. *

Exclusion criteria

1. History of any significant hypersensitivity or severe allergic reaction to any beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., cephalosporins, penicillins, carbapenems, or monobactams). 2. Known or suspected likely infection with New Delhi metallo- (NDM), Verona integron-encoded metallo- (VIM), or IMP-metallo-beta-lactamases or oxacillinase- (OXA)-beta-lactamases (i.e., Class B or Class D beta-lactamases). 3. For subjects to be enrolled with the primary indication of cUTI or AP, any of the following urologic conditions: 1. Likely to receive ongoing antibacterial drug prophylaxis after treatment of cUTI (e.g., subjects with vesico-ureteral reflux); 2. Suspected or confirmed prostatitis; 3. Requirement for bladder irrigation with antibiotics or for antibiotics to be administered directly via urinary catheter; 4. Previous or planned cystectomy or ileal loop surgery; 5. Uncomplicated urinary tract infection (for example, female subjects with urinary frequency, urgency or pain or discomfort without systemic symptoms or signs of infection); 6. Complete, permanent obstruction of the urinary tract; 7. Suspected or confirmed perinephric or renal corticomedullary abscess; 8. Polycystic kidney disease; or 9. Any recent history of trauma to the pelvis or urinary tract. 4. For subjects to be enrolled with the primary indication of cIAI, any of the following conditions: 1. Incomplete drainage of suspected or known intra-abdominal source; 2. Likely to receive ongoing antibacterial drug prophylaxis or chronic suppressive therapy after intravenous treatment of cIAI; 3. Source of infection thought to be related to or involving a non-removable prosthesis (e.g. intra-abdominal mesh) or implantable device, line (e.g. peritoneal catheter) or stent (e.g. biliary stent); 4. Uncomplicated intra-abdominal infection, such as simple appendicitis, simple cholecystitis or gangrenous cholecystitis without rupture; 5. Patients with infected necrotizing pancreatitis or pancreatic abscess; 6. Patients whose surgery will include staged abdominal repair or open abdomen technique, or marsupialization (i.e. patients who undergo a surgical procedure where fascial closure is performed are eligible. The skin incision may be left open for purposes of wound management as long as fascial closure is accomplished); 7. Patients in whom the intra-abdominal process is deemed not likely to be infectious in origin (e.g. bowel obstruction, ischemic bowel without perforation, traumatic bowel perforation within past 12 hours, perforated gastroduodenal ulcer within 24 hours); or 8. Non-intra-abdominal infection (e.g. infection or abscess of the abdominal wall without extension into the intra-abdominal cavity). 5. For subjects to be enrolled with the primary indication of HABP or VABP, any of the following conditions: 1. Diagnosis of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis 2. Inability to obtain proper respiratory specimens for culture. 6. For subjects to be enrolled with the indication of bacteremia unrelated to cUTI or AP, cIAI, HABP, and VABP, any of the following: 1. Unverified CRE infection 2. Source of infection thought to be related to or involving a non-removable or implantable device or line. 7. Evidence of immediately life-threatening disease where in the opinion of the Investigator, the subject is unlikely to survive more than 72 hours from randomization. 8. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score \>30. 9. Known or suspected endocarditis, meningitis, intra-abdominal infection, or osteomyelitis. 10. Irremovable or implantable device or line thought to be the potential source of infection. 11. Evidence of significant hepatic, hematological, or immunologic disease or dysfunction. 12. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. 13. Require the use of inhaled antibiotics. 14. Participation in any study involving administration of an investigational agent or device within 30 days prior to randomization into this study or previous participation in the current study. 15. Previous participation in a study of vaborbactam. 16. Any condition that, in the opinion of the Investigator, would compromise the safety of the subject or the quality of the data.

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Proportion of Subjects in the Microbiological Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae Modified Intent-to-Treat (mCRE-MITT) Population With a Response of Overall Success [Complicated Urinary Tract Infection (cUTI) or Acute Pyelonephritis (AP) Subjects]	at Test of Cure (TOC) visit (Day 12-23)	Overall success is defined as clinical cure & microbiological eradication. Eradication defined by FDA as the demonstration that the bacterial pathogen(s) found at baseline is reduced to \<10x4 colony forming unit (CFU)/mL urine. Clinical cure defined as complete resolution or significant improvement of the baseline signs & symptoms, no further antimicrobial warranted.
All-cause Mortality Rate in the mCRE-MITT Population [Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (HABP), Ventilator-associated Bacterial Pneumonia (VABP) and Bacteremia Subjects)	Day 28	The All-cause mortality rate at Day 28 in the mCRE-MITT population (HABP/VABP and Bacteremia)
Proportion of Subjects in the mCRE-MITT Population With a Clinical Outcome of Cure [Complicated Intra-abdominal Infection (cIAI) Subjects Only]	at TOC visit (Day 12-23)	Clinical cure defined as complete resolution or significant improvement of the baseline signs and symptoms, no further antimicrobial warranted.

Secondary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Proportion of Subjects in the mCRE-MITT Population With a Clinical Outcome of Cure (All Indications)	at End of Therapy (EOT) visit (7-14 days) and TOC visit (12-23 days)	Clinical cure defined as complete resolution or significant improvement of the baseline signs & symptoms, no further antimicrobial warranted.
Proportion of Subjects in the mCRE-MITT Population With a Clinical Outcome of Cure (cUTI/AP Subjects Only)	at EOT visit (7-14) and TOC visit (day 12-23)	Clinical cure defined as complete resolution or significant improvement of the baseline signs & symptoms, no further antimicrobial warranted.
Proportion of Subjects in the mCRE-MITT Population With a Clinical Outcome of Cure (HABP/VABP and Bacteremia)	at EOT visit (7-14) and TOC visit (day 12-23)	Clinical cure defined as complete resolution or significant improvement of the baseline signs & symptoms, no further antimicrobial warranted.
Proportion of Subjects in the Microbiological Modified Intent-to-Treat (m-MITT) Population With a Clinical Outcome of Cure (All Indications)	at EOT visit (7-14) and TOC visit (day 12-23)	Clinical cure defined as complete resolution or significant improvement of the baseline signs and symptoms, no further antimicrobial warranted.
Proportion of Subjects in the m-MITT Population With a Clinical Outcome of Cure (cUTI/AP)	at EOT visit (7-14) and TOC visit (day 12-23)	Clinical cure defined as complete resolution or significant improvement of the baseline signs & symptoms, no further antimicrobial warranted.
The All-cause Mortality Rate in the mCRE-MITT Population (All Indications)	at Day 28	All Cause Mortality at Day 28 in the mCRE-MITT population (all indications)
Proportion of Subjects in the mCRE-MITT Population With a Microbiological Outcome of Eradication (All Indications)	at EOT visit (7-14) and TOC visit (day 12-23)	Includes subjects with microbiologic eradication or presumed eradication as defined: microbiologic eradication of the baseline pathogen or absence of culture result (microbiologic outcome of indeterminate or not assesses) where subject is deemed as clinical cure at that visit. For cUTI/AP subjects, demonstration that the bacterial pathogen(s) found at baseline is reduced to \<10x4 CFU/mL urine (FDA).
Proportion of Subjects in the m-MITT Population With a Microbiological Outcome of Eradication (All Indications)	at EOT visit (7-14) and TOC visit (day 12-23)	Microbiological eradication defined for cUTI/AP as the demonstration that the bacterial pathogen(s) found at baseline is reduced to \<10x4 CFU/mL urine (FDA).
Proportion of Subjects in the m-MITT Populations With a With a Response of Overall Success (cUTI/AP)	at EOT visit (7-14) and TOC visit (day 12-23)	Proportion of subjects in m-MITT Population with response of cure and microbiological eradication or presumed eradication. Eradication defined for cUTI/AP as the demonstration that the bacterial pathogen(s) found at baseline is reduced to \<10x4 CFU/mL urine (FDA). Clinical cure defined as complete resolution or significant improvement of the baseline signs & symptoms, no further antimicrobial warranted.
Proportion of Subjects in the m-MITT Populations With a With a Response of Overall Success (Bacteremia Only)	at EOT visit (7-14) and TOC visit (day 12-23)	Proportion of subjects in m-MITT Population with response of cure and microbiological eradication or presumed eradication. Clinical cure defined as complete resolution or significant improvement of the baseline signs & symptoms, no further antimicrobial warranted.
Proportion of Subjects in the m-MITT Population With a Clinical Outcome of Cure (HABP/VABP and Bacteremia)	at EOT visit (7-14) and TOC visit (day 12-23)	Clinical cure defined as complete resolution or significant improvement of the baseline signs & symptoms, no further antimicrobial warranted.
The All-cause Mortality Rate in the m-MITT Population (All Indications)	at Day 28	The All Cause Mortality rate at Day 28 in the m-MITT population (all indications)
The All-cause Mortality Rate in the mCRE-MITT Population (cUTI/AP)	at Day 28	All Cause Mortality at Day 28 in the mCRE-MITT population (cUTI/AP subjects only)

Countries

Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Greece, Israel, Italy, United Kingdom, United States

Participant flow

Recruitment details

The first patient enrolled November 2014 and last patient in June 2017. The patients were enrolled at 27 study sites in 8 countries. 77 patients (28 with bacteremia, 34 with cUTI, 8 with HABP/VABP and 7 with cIAI) were enrolled and 47 had confirmed Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae and therefore were included in the mCRE population.

Pre-assignment details

Randomization was stratified by presenting indication (cUTI or AP, cIAI, HABP, VABP, or bacteremia) and by region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of World).

Participants by arm

Arm	Count
Vabomere Vabomere (meropenem 2g plus vaborbactam 2g) IV q8h, for up to 14 days	50
Best Available Therapy Best Available Therapy: Antibiotic(s) chosen by Investigator	25
Total	75

Withdrawals & dropouts

Period	Reason	FG000	FG001
Overall Study	Adverse Event	8	5
Overall Study	Lost to Follow-up	3	0
Overall Study	Subject unable to come back for visits	1	0

Baseline characteristics

Characteristic	Total	Best Available Therapy	Vabomere
Age, Categorical <=18 years	0 Participants	0 Participants	0 Participants
Age, Categorical >=65 years	35 Participants	11 Participants	24 Participants
Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years	40 Participants	14 Participants	26 Participants
Age, Continuous	63.5 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.51	63.2 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.1	63.6 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.3
Baseline Pathogen - Klebsiella pneumoniae	44 Participants	14 Participants	30 Participants
Body Mass Index	27.64 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.029	27.14 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.522	27.90 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.34
Creatinine Clearance <50 mL/min	21 Participants	9 Participants	12 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino	14 Participants	5 Participants	9 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino	61 Participants	20 Participants	41 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants	0 Participants	0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	0 Participants	0 Participants	0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	2 Participants	1 Participants	1 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	5 Participants	2 Participants	3 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	0 Participants	0 Participants	0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0 Participants	0 Participants	0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	3 Participants	0 Participants	3 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	65 Participants	22 Participants	43 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	32 Participants	7 Participants	25 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	43 Participants	18 Participants	25 Participants
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) present	32 Participants	10 Participants	22 Participants

Adverse events

Event type	EG000 affected / at risk	EG001 affected / at risk
deaths Total, all-cause mortality	10 / 50	6 / 25
other Total, other adverse events	28 / 50	20 / 25
serious Total, serious adverse events	17 / 50	11 / 25

Outcome results

Primary

All-cause Mortality Rate in the mCRE-MITT Population [Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (HABP), Ventilator-associated Bacterial Pneumonia (VABP) and Bacteremia Subjects)

The All-cause mortality rate at Day 28 in the mCRE-MITT population (HABP/VABP and Bacteremia)

Time frame: Day 28

Population: mCRE-MITT Population (HABP/VABP and Bacteremia subjects only)

Arm	Measure	Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS)
Vabomere	All-cause Mortality Rate in the mCRE-MITT Population [Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (HABP), Ventilator-associated Bacterial Pneumonia (VABP) and Bacteremia Subjects)	4 Participants
Best Available Therapy	All-cause Mortality Rate in the mCRE-MITT Population [Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (HABP), Ventilator-associated Bacterial Pneumonia (VABP) and Bacteremia Subjects)	4 Participants

Primary

Proportion of Subjects in the mCRE-MITT Population With a Clinical Outcome of Cure [Complicated Intra-abdominal Infection (cIAI) Subjects Only]

Clinical cure defined as complete resolution or significant improvement of the baseline signs and symptoms, no further antimicrobial warranted.

Time frame: at TOC visit (Day 12-23)

Arm	Measure	Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS)
Vabomere	Proportion of Subjects in the mCRE-MITT Population With a Clinical Outcome of Cure [Complicated Intra-abdominal Infection (cIAI) Subjects Only]	2 Participants
Best Available Therapy	Proportion of Subjects in the mCRE-MITT Population With a Clinical Outcome of Cure [Complicated Intra-abdominal Infection (cIAI) Subjects Only]	0 Participants

Primary

Proportion of Subjects in the Microbiological Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae Modified Intent-to-Treat (mCRE-MITT) Population With a Response of Overall Success [Complicated Urinary Tract Infection (cUTI) or Acute Pyelonephritis (AP) Subjects]

Overall success is defined as clinical cure & microbiological eradication. Eradication defined by FDA as the demonstration that the bacterial pathogen(s) found at baseline is reduced to \<10x4 colony forming unit (CFU)/mL urine. Clinical cure defined as complete resolution or significant improvement of the baseline signs & symptoms, no further antimicrobial warranted.

Time frame: at Test of Cure (TOC) visit (Day 12-23)

Population: The mCRE-MITT population includes all patients who had confirmed Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae at Baseline. (cUTI/AP patients only)

Arm	Measure	Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS)
Vabomere	Proportion of Subjects in the Microbiological Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae Modified Intent-to-Treat (mCRE-MITT) Population With a Response of Overall Success [Complicated Urinary Tract Infection (cUTI) or Acute Pyelonephritis (AP) Subjects]	4 Participants
Best Available Therapy	Proportion of Subjects in the Microbiological Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae Modified Intent-to-Treat (mCRE-MITT) Population With a Response of Overall Success [Complicated Urinary Tract Infection (cUTI) or Acute Pyelonephritis (AP) Subjects]	2 Participants

Secondary

Proportion of Subjects in the mCRE-MITT Population With a Clinical Outcome of Cure (All Indications)

Clinical cure defined as complete resolution or significant improvement of the baseline signs & symptoms, no further antimicrobial warranted.

Time frame: at End of Therapy (EOT) visit (7-14 days) and TOC visit (12-23 days)

Population: mCRE-MITT population (all indications)

Arm	Measure	Group	Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS)
Vabomere	Proportion of Subjects in the mCRE-MITT Population With a Clinical Outcome of Cure (All Indications)	EOT	21 Participants
Vabomere	Proportion of Subjects in the mCRE-MITT Population With a Clinical Outcome of Cure (All Indications)	TOC	19 Participants
Best Available Therapy	Proportion of Subjects in the mCRE-MITT Population With a Clinical Outcome of Cure (All Indications)	EOT	5 Participants
Best Available Therapy	Proportion of Subjects in the mCRE-MITT Population With a Clinical Outcome of Cure (All Indications)	TOC	4 Participants

Secondary

Proportion of Subjects in the mCRE-MITT Population With a Clinical Outcome of Cure (cUTI/AP Subjects Only)

Clinical cure defined as complete resolution or significant improvement of the baseline signs & symptoms, no further antimicrobial warranted.