Bone Health, Osteoporosis
Conditions
Keywords
Yoga, Bone turnover markers, Bone strength, Bone mineral density
Brief summary
This study examined the effects of 8 months of Yoga training on bone density and bone turnover markers in premenopausal women, ages 35-50 years. The style of Yoga used was power Yoga that involved postures with a jumping component. The investigators hypothesized that the Yoga intervention would result in beneficial improvements in bone turnover markers, by increasing the bone formation marker and decreasing the bone resorption marker.
Interventions
OTHERYoga Group
8 months of Yoga training
Sponsors
University of Oklahoma
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
35 Years to 50 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* participants had not been engaged in resistance training or in Yoga exercise for at least 12 months prior to the study * did not have chronic back or joint problems or cardiovascular disease * not taking antihypertensive drugs or any medication that affects bone density * not taking hormonal contraception * they self-reported having regular menstrual cycles.
Exclusion criteria
* body weight more than 300 pounds
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-I) and Insulin-like Growth Factor BP3 (IGFBP3) | pre and post 8 month intervention | — |
| Change in bone mineral density from baseline to 8 months | pre and post 8 months training | — |
| change in bone turnover markers | pre and post 8 month intervention | — |
| change in tibia bone characteristics | pre and post 8 month intervention | changes in volumetric bone mineral density and bone strength of the non-dominant tibia assessed by peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT) |
| Changes in muscular strength | pre and post 9 month intervention | Isotonic 1 repetition maximum (1RM) for 4 lower body and 2 upper body resistance exercises |
| Change in arterial compliance | pre and post 8 month interventon | Arterial compliance of the large and small arteries was assessed using Pulse Contour analysis. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Menstrual History | pre and post 8 month intervention | This information was used to monitor menstrual characteristics to ensure they were still premenopausal at the post test. |
| Dietary intake | At baseline at the same time as other outcomes, about 2 weeks before the beginning of the yoga training | Three day dietary logs were recorded by participants before the exercise intervention. They were analyzed for caloric intake and nutrient composition using the Diet Analysis Plus 9 software. |
| Change in physical activity levels | pre and post 8 month intervention | Physical activity levels estimated by the bone-specific physical activity (PA) questionnaire to monitor their PA outside of the intervention |
| Change in body composition | pre and post 8 month intervention | — |
| Daily Calcium intake | pre and post 8 month intervention | Calcium intake is a potential confounding variable. Participants were encouraged to increase their calcium intakes if found to be low before the intervention began. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed