Dyslipidemia, Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome
Conditions
Keywords
sugar, sucrose, fruit juice, orange juice, metabolism, immune cell aging, lipids
Brief summary
The main objectives of this study are to test the hypotheses that: 1) consumption of beverages sweetened with sucrose will increase risk factors for cardiovascular disease to a greater extent than a naturally-sweetened fruit juice such as orange juice, and 2) chronic psychological stress may augment the adverse metabolic effects of sugar intake. The study intervention consists of 2-week's consumption of 25% of energy as sugar provided either as a sucrose-sweetened beverage or naturally-sweetened orange juice.
Interventions
OTHERorange juice
intervention assigned: 2-week consumption of naturally-sweetened orange juice providing 25% of energy requirement
OTHERsucrose
intervention assigned: 2-week consumption of sucrose-sweetened beverage providing 25% of energy requirement
Sponsors
University of California, San Francisco
USDA, Western Human Nutrition Research Center
University of California, Davis
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
25 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Body mass index between 28-35 * Self report of stable body weight during the past six months * High stress participants: Perceived Stress Scores (PSS) ≥ 24, and the presence of a predefined chronically stressful event as assessed by the Telephone screening questions. (IDS scores are not an inclusion criteria in this group, merely a rule-out for the low stress participants). * Low stress participants: PSS scores ≤ 8, Inventory for Depressive Symptom (IDS) scores ≤ 14, and the absence of any predefined chronically stressful events as assessed by the telephone screening questions.
Exclusion criteria
* glucose intolerance * Evidence of liver disorder * Evidence of kidney disorder * Evidence of thyroid disorder * Systolic blood pressure consistently over 140mmHg or diastolic blood pressure over 90mmHg * Triglycerides \> 200mg/dl * LDL-C \> 130mg/dl * Hemoglobin \< 8.5 g/dl * pregnant or lactating women * Current, prior (within 12 months), or anticipated use of any hypolipidemic or anti-diabetic agents * Use of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and anti-hypertensive medications * Any other condition that, in the opinion of the investigators, would put subject at risk * Strenuous exerciser * surgery for weight loss * Diet exclusions: food allergies, special dietary restrictions, habitual ingest of \>2 alcoholic beverages/day
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 24-hour triglyceride area under the curve | Baseline and 2-week intervention | 28 serial blood samples are collected over a 24 hour period. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Markers of immune cell aging | Baseline and 2-week intervention |
Other
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 3 hour oral glucose tolerance test | Baseline and 2-week intervention |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed