Multiple Myeloma
Conditions
Keywords
Multiple Myeloma, Plasmacytoma, Refractory Multiple Myeloma, Relapsed Multiple Myeloma, Daratumumab, VELCADE
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of administration of daratumumab when combined with VELCADE (bortezomib) and dexamethasone compared with bortezomib and dexamethasone alone, for participants with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.
Detailed description
This is an open-label (physicians and participants know the identity of the assigned treatment), randomized (the study medication is assigned by chance), multicenter, active-controlled study comparing daratumumab, VELCADE, and dexamethasone (DVd) with VELCADE and dexamethasone (Vd) in participants with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Approximately 480 participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either DVd or Vd. Randomization will be stratified by International Staging System (ISS), number of prior treatment programs (1 vs. 2 or 3 vs. \>3), and prior VELCADE treatment (no vs. yes). Within each stratum, participants will be randomized to one of the treatment groups.The study will consist of a Screening Phase, a Treatment Phase, and a Follow-up Phase. Participants will be treated until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or other reasons to discontinue the study.
Interventions
Daratumumab will be administered as an IV infusion or 16 mg/kg weekly for the first 3 cycles, on Day 1 of Cycles 4-9, and then every 4 weeks thereafter. As per protocol amendment-6 participants receiving treatment with daratumumab IV will have the option to switch to daratumumab SC 1800 mg on Day 1 of any cycle, at the discretion of the investigator.
VELCADE will be administered at a dose of 1.3 mg/m2 subcutaneously (SC) on Days 1, 4, 8 and 11 of each 21-day cycle. Eight VELCADE treatment cycles are to be administered.
Dexamethasone will be administered orally at 20 mg on Days 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11 and 12 of the first 8 VELCADE treatment cycles.
Sponsors
Study design
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
* Must have had documented multiple myeloma * Must have received at least 1 prior line of therapy for multiple myeloma * Must have had documented evidence of progressive disease as defined based on Investigator's determination of response of International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria on or after their last regimen * Must have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status score of 0, 1, or 2 * Must have achieved a response (partial response \[PR\] or better based on investigator's determination of response by the IMWG criteria) to at least 1 prior regimen in the past
Exclusion criteria
* Has received daratumumab or other anti-CD38 therapies previously * Is refractory to VELCADE or another PI, like ixazomib and carfilzomib (had progression of disease while receiving VELCADE therapy or within 60 days of ending VELCADE therapy or another PI therapy, like ixazomib and carfilzomib * Is intolerant to VELCADE (ie, discontinued due to any adverse event while on VELCADE treatment) * Has received anti-myeloma treatment within 2 weeks or 5 pharmacokinetic half-lives of the treatment, whichever is longer, before the date of randomization. The only exception is emergency use of a short course of corticosteroids (equivalent of dexamethasone 40 milligram per day \[mg/day\] for a maximum of 4 days) before treatment. A list of anti-myeloma treatments with the corresponding pharmacokinetic half-lives is provided in the Site Investigational Product Procedures Manual (IPPM). * Has a history of malignancy (other than multiple myeloma) within 3 years before the date of randomization * Has any concurrent medical condition or disease (eg, active systemic infection) that is likely to interfere with study procedures
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Progression-free Survival (PFS) | From the date of randomization to either progressive disease or death, whichever occurred first (approximately 1 year 4 months) | PFS was defined as duration from date of randomization to either progressive disease (PD)/death, whichever occurred first. PD was defined as meeting any one of following criteria: Increase of greater than equal to (\>=)25 percent (%) in level of serum M-protein from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>=0.5 gram per deciliter (g/dL); Increase of \>=25% in 24-hour urinary light chain excretion (urine M-protein) from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>=200 mg/24hours; Only in participants without measurable serum and urine M-protein levels: increase of \>=25% in difference between involved and uninvolved FLC levels from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>10 mg/dL; Definite increase in size of existing bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas; Definite development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas; Development of hypercalcemia (corrected serum calcium \>11.5 mg/dL) that can be attributed solely to PC proliferative disorder. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Disease Progression (TTP) | From the date of randomization to the date of first documented evidence of progression or death due to PD whichever occurred first (approximately 6 years 9 months) | TTP was defined as time from date of randomization to date of first documented evidence of progressive disease (PD). PD was defined as meeting any one of following criteria: Increase of \>=25% in level of serum M-protein from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>=0.5 g/dL; Increase of \>=25% in 24-hour urinary light chain excretion (urine M-protein) from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>=200 mg/24hours; Only in participants without measurable serum and urine M-protein levels: increase of \>=25% in difference between involved and uninvolved free light chain (FLC) levels from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>10 milligram per deciliter (mg/dL); Definite increase in size of existing bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas; Definite development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas; Development of hypercalcemia (corrected serum calcium \>11.5 mg/dL) that can be attributed solely to Plasma Cell (PC) proliferative disorder. |
| Percentage of Participants With a Very Good Partial Response (VGPR) or Better | Up to disease progression (approximately 6 years 9 months) | Response rate of VGPR or better was defined as the percentage of participants who achieved VGPR and CR (including sCR) according to the IMWG criteria during or after the study treatment. IMWG criteria for VGPR: Serum and urine M-component detectable by immunofixation but not on electrophoresis, or \>=90% reduction in serum M-protein plus urine M-protein \<100 mg/24 hours, if the serum and urine M-protein are not measurable, a decrease of \>90% in the difference between involved and uninvolved FLC levels is required in place of the M-protein criteria, in addition to the above criteria, if present at baseline, a \>=50% reduction in the size of soft tissue plasmacytomas is also required; CR: Negative immunofixation on the serum and urine, disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas, and \<5% PCs in bone marrow; sCR: CR and normal FLC ratio, absence of clonal PCs by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence or 2 to 4 color flow cytometry. |
| Overall Response Rate (ORR) | Up to disease progression (approximately 6 years 9 months) | The Overall response rate was defined as the percentage of participants who achieved stringent complete response (sCR), complete response (CR), very good partial response (VGPR), or partial response (PR) according to the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria, during the study or during follow up. IMWG criteria for PR: \>=50% reduction of serum M-protein and reduction in 24 hour urinary M-protein by \>=90% or to \<200 mg/24 hours, if the serum and urine M-protein are not measurable, a decrease of \>=50% in the difference between involved and uninvolved FLC levels is required in place of the M-protein criteria, in addition to the above criteria, if present at baseline, a \>=50% reduction in the size of soft tissue plasmacytomas is also required. |
| Percentage of Participants With Negative Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) | Up to disease progression (approximately 6 years 9 months) | The Minimal Residual Disease negativity rate was defined as the percentage of participants who had negative MRD assessment at any timepoint after the first dose of study drugs by evaluation of bone marrow aspirates or whole blood. MRD was assessed in participants who achieved complete response or stringent complete response (CR/sCR). IMWG criteria for CR: Negative immunofixation on the serum and urine, disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas, and \<5% PCs in bone marrow; sCR: CR plus normal FLC ratio, absence of clonal PCs by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence or 2 to 4 color flow cytometry. |
| Overall Survival (OS) | Up to 6 years 9 months | Overall Survival was measured from the date of randomization to the date of the participant's death. |
Countries
Australia, Brazil, Czechia, Germany, Hungary, Mexico, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Turkey (Türkiye), Ukraine, United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Bortezomib + Dexamethasone (Vd) Participants received bortezomib 1.3 milligrams per square meter (mg/m\^2) subcutaneous (SC) injection on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of each 21-day cycle (8 treatment cycles) and dexamethasone 20 milligrams (mg) orally (PO) on Days 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, and 12 of the first 8 bortezomib treatment cycles. Participants who met sponsor confirmed disease progression eligibility criteria received daratumumab monotherapy as a subsequent antimyeloma therapy as follow: daratumumab 16 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) intravenous (IV) infusion or daratumumab SC injection (1800 mg fixed dose) weekly for the first 2 cycles, every 2 weeks from Cycle 3 to 6, and then every 4 weeks thereafter. | 247 |
| Daratumumab + Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (DVd) Participants received daratumumab 16 mg/kg IV infusion weekly or daratumumab SC injection (1800 mg fixed dose) for the first 3 cycles, on Day 1 of Cycles 4-8, and then every 4 weeks thereafter, bortezomib 1.3 mg/m\^2 SC injection administration on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of each 21-day cycle (8 treatment cycles) and dexamethasone 20 mg orally on Days 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, and 12 of the first 8 bortezomib treatment cycles. | 251 |
| Total | 498 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Death | 170 | 148 |
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 3 | 3 |
| Overall Study | Uspecified | 55 | 90 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 19 | 10 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Bortezomib + Dexamethasone (Vd) | Daratumumab + Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (DVd) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 63.9 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.81 | 62.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.66 | 63.4 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.74 |
| No. of Prior Lines of Therapy 1 | 113 participants | 122 participants | 235 participants |
| No. of Prior Lines of Therapy 2 | 74 participants | 70 participants | 144 participants |
| No. of Prior Lines of Therapy 3 | 32 participants | 37 participants | 69 participants |
| No. of Prior Lines of Therapy >3 | 28 participants | 22 participants | 50 participants |
| Region of Enrollment Australia | 20 participants | 23 participants | 43 participants |
| Region of Enrollment Brazil | 9 participants | 13 participants | 22 participants |
| Region of Enrollment Czech Republic | 19 participants | 16 participants | 35 participants |
| Region of Enrollment Germany | 21 participants | 21 participants | 42 participants |
| Region of Enrollment Hungary | 14 participants | 16 participants | 30 participants |
| Region of Enrollment Italy | 25 participants | 24 participants | 49 participants |
| Region of Enrollment Korea, Republic of | 8 participants | 10 participants | 18 participants |
| Region of Enrollment Mexico | 1 participants | 2 participants | 3 participants |
| Region of Enrollment Netherlands | 14 participants | 11 participants | 25 participants |
| Region of Enrollment Poland | 18 participants | 16 participants | 34 participants |
| Region of Enrollment Russian Federation | 13 participants | 21 participants | 34 participants |
| Region of Enrollment Spain | 19 participants | 10 participants | 29 participants |
| Region of Enrollment Sweden | 9 participants | 10 participants | 19 participants |
| Region of Enrollment Turkey | 14 participants | 14 participants | 28 participants |
| Region of Enrollment Ukraine | 22 participants | 28 participants | 50 participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 21 participants | 16 participants | 37 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 99 Participants | 114 Participants | 213 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 148 Participants | 137 Participants | 285 Participants |
| Stage of Disease (ISS) I | 96 participants | 98 participants | 194 participants |
| Stage of Disease (ISS) II | 100 participants | 94 participants | 194 participants |
| Stage of Disease (ISS) III | 51 participants | 59 participants | 110 participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 217 / 237 | 238 / 243 | 29 / 87 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 81 / 237 | 134 / 243 | 7 / 87 |
Outcome results
Progression-free Survival (PFS)
PFS was defined as duration from date of randomization to either progressive disease (PD)/death, whichever occurred first. PD was defined as meeting any one of following criteria: Increase of greater than equal to (\>=)25 percent (%) in level of serum M-protein from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>=0.5 gram per deciliter (g/dL); Increase of \>=25% in 24-hour urinary light chain excretion (urine M-protein) from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>=200 mg/24hours; Only in participants without measurable serum and urine M-protein levels: increase of \>=25% in difference between involved and uninvolved FLC levels from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>10 mg/dL; Definite increase in size of existing bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas; Definite development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas; Development of hypercalcemia (corrected serum calcium \>11.5 mg/dL) that can be attributed solely to PC proliferative disorder.
Time frame: From the date of randomization to either progressive disease or death, whichever occurred first (approximately 1 year 4 months)
Population: The intent-to-treat (ITT) population included all randomized participants.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Bortezomib + Dexamethasone (Vd) | Progression-free Survival (PFS) | 7.16 months |
| Daratumumab + Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (DVd) | Progression-free Survival (PFS) | NA months |
Overall Response Rate (ORR)
The Overall response rate was defined as the percentage of participants who achieved stringent complete response (sCR), complete response (CR), very good partial response (VGPR), or partial response (PR) according to the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria, during the study or during follow up. IMWG criteria for PR: \>=50% reduction of serum M-protein and reduction in 24 hour urinary M-protein by \>=90% or to \<200 mg/24 hours, if the serum and urine M-protein are not measurable, a decrease of \>=50% in the difference between involved and uninvolved FLC levels is required in place of the M-protein criteria, in addition to the above criteria, if present at baseline, a \>=50% reduction in the size of soft tissue plasmacytomas is also required.
Time frame: Up to disease progression (approximately 6 years 9 months)
Population: The response-evaluable analysis set is defined as participants who have confirmed diagnosis of multiple myeloma and measurable disease at baseline or screening visit, received at least 1 administration of study treatment and had at least 1 post baseline disease assessment.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Bortezomib + Dexamethasone (Vd) | Overall Response Rate (ORR) | 63.2 percentage of participants |
| Daratumumab + Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (DVd) | Overall Response Rate (ORR) | 82.9 percentage of participants |
Overall Survival (OS)
Overall Survival was measured from the date of randomization to the date of the participant's death.
Time frame: Up to 6 years 9 months
Population: The intent-to-treat (ITT) population included all randomized participants.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Bortezomib + Dexamethasone (Vd) | Overall Survival (OS) | 38.51 months |
| Daratumumab + Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (DVd) | Overall Survival (OS) | 49.58 months |
Percentage of Participants With a Very Good Partial Response (VGPR) or Better
Response rate of VGPR or better was defined as the percentage of participants who achieved VGPR and CR (including sCR) according to the IMWG criteria during or after the study treatment. IMWG criteria for VGPR: Serum and urine M-component detectable by immunofixation but not on electrophoresis, or \>=90% reduction in serum M-protein plus urine M-protein \<100 mg/24 hours, if the serum and urine M-protein are not measurable, a decrease of \>90% in the difference between involved and uninvolved FLC levels is required in place of the M-protein criteria, in addition to the above criteria, if present at baseline, a \>=50% reduction in the size of soft tissue plasmacytomas is also required; CR: Negative immunofixation on the serum and urine, disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas, and \<5% PCs in bone marrow; sCR: CR and normal FLC ratio, absence of clonal PCs by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence or 2 to 4 color flow cytometry.
Time frame: Up to disease progression (approximately 6 years 9 months)
Population: The response evaluable analysis set is defined as participants who have a confirmed diagnosis of multiple myeloma and measurable disease at baseline or screening visit, received at least 1 administration of study treatment, and had at least 1 post baseline disease assessment.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Bortezomib + Dexamethasone (Vd) | Percentage of Participants With a Very Good Partial Response (VGPR) or Better | 29.1 percentage of participants |
| Daratumumab + Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (DVd) | Percentage of Participants With a Very Good Partial Response (VGPR) or Better | 59.2 percentage of participants |
Percentage of Participants With Negative Minimal Residual Disease (MRD)
The Minimal Residual Disease negativity rate was defined as the percentage of participants who had negative MRD assessment at any timepoint after the first dose of study drugs by evaluation of bone marrow aspirates or whole blood. MRD was assessed in participants who achieved complete response or stringent complete response (CR/sCR). IMWG criteria for CR: Negative immunofixation on the serum and urine, disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas, and \<5% PCs in bone marrow; sCR: CR plus normal FLC ratio, absence of clonal PCs by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence or 2 to 4 color flow cytometry.
Time frame: Up to disease progression (approximately 6 years 9 months)
Population: The intent-to-treat (ITT) population included all randomized participants.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Bortezomib + Dexamethasone (Vd) | Percentage of Participants With Negative Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) | 2.8 percentage of participants |
| Daratumumab + Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (DVd) | Percentage of Participants With Negative Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) | 13.5 percentage of participants |
Time to Disease Progression (TTP)
TTP was defined as time from date of randomization to date of first documented evidence of progressive disease (PD). PD was defined as meeting any one of following criteria: Increase of \>=25% in level of serum M-protein from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>=0.5 g/dL; Increase of \>=25% in 24-hour urinary light chain excretion (urine M-protein) from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>=200 mg/24hours; Only in participants without measurable serum and urine M-protein levels: increase of \>=25% in difference between involved and uninvolved free light chain (FLC) levels from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>10 milligram per deciliter (mg/dL); Definite increase in size of existing bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas; Definite development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas; Development of hypercalcemia (corrected serum calcium \>11.5 mg/dL) that can be attributed solely to Plasma Cell (PC) proliferative disorder.
Time frame: From the date of randomization to the date of first documented evidence of progression or death due to PD whichever occurred first (approximately 6 years 9 months)
Population: The intent-to-treat (ITT) population included all randomized participants.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Bortezomib + Dexamethasone (Vd) | Time to Disease Progression (TTP) | 7.29 months |
| Daratumumab + Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (DVd) | Time to Disease Progression (TTP) | NA months |