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Addition of Daratumumab to Combination of Bortezomib and Dexamethasone in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma

Phase 3 Study Comparing Daratumumab, Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (DVd) vs Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (Vd) in Subjects With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma

Status
Completed
Phases
Phase 3
Study type
Interventional
Source
ClinicalTrials.gov
Registry ID
NCT02136134
Enrollment
498
Registered
2014-05-12
Start date
2014-08-15
Completion date
2024-01-10
Last updated
2025-08-29

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Multiple Myeloma

Keywords

Multiple Myeloma, Plasmacytoma, Refractory Multiple Myeloma, Relapsed Multiple Myeloma, Daratumumab, VELCADE

Brief summary

The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of administration of daratumumab when combined with VELCADE (bortezomib) and dexamethasone compared with bortezomib and dexamethasone alone, for participants with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.

Detailed description

This is an open-label (physicians and participants know the identity of the assigned treatment), randomized (the study medication is assigned by chance), multicenter, active-controlled study comparing daratumumab, VELCADE, and dexamethasone (DVd) with VELCADE and dexamethasone (Vd) in participants with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Approximately 480 participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either DVd or Vd. Randomization will be stratified by International Staging System (ISS), number of prior treatment programs (1 vs. 2 or 3 vs. \>3), and prior VELCADE treatment (no vs. yes). Within each stratum, participants will be randomized to one of the treatment groups.The study will consist of a Screening Phase, a Treatment Phase, and a Follow-up Phase. Participants will be treated until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or other reasons to discontinue the study.

Interventions

DRUGDaratumumab

Daratumumab will be administered as an IV infusion or 16 mg/kg weekly for the first 3 cycles, on Day 1 of Cycles 4-9, and then every 4 weeks thereafter. As per protocol amendment-6 participants receiving treatment with daratumumab IV will have the option to switch to daratumumab SC 1800 mg on Day 1 of any cycle, at the discretion of the investigator.

VELCADE will be administered at a dose of 1.3 mg/m2 subcutaneously (SC) on Days 1, 4, 8 and 11 of each 21-day cycle. Eight VELCADE treatment cycles are to be administered.

DRUGDexamethasone

Dexamethasone will be administered orally at 20 mg on Days 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11 and 12 of the first 8 VELCADE treatment cycles.

Sponsors

Janssen Research & Development, LLC
Lead SponsorINDUSTRY

Study design

Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE

Eligibility

Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

* Must have had documented multiple myeloma * Must have received at least 1 prior line of therapy for multiple myeloma * Must have had documented evidence of progressive disease as defined based on Investigator's determination of response of International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria on or after their last regimen * Must have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status score of 0, 1, or 2 * Must have achieved a response (partial response \[PR\] or better based on investigator's determination of response by the IMWG criteria) to at least 1 prior regimen in the past

Exclusion criteria

* Has received daratumumab or other anti-CD38 therapies previously * Is refractory to VELCADE or another PI, like ixazomib and carfilzomib (had progression of disease while receiving VELCADE therapy or within 60 days of ending VELCADE therapy or another PI therapy, like ixazomib and carfilzomib * Is intolerant to VELCADE (ie, discontinued due to any adverse event while on VELCADE treatment) * Has received anti-myeloma treatment within 2 weeks or 5 pharmacokinetic half-lives of the treatment, whichever is longer, before the date of randomization. The only exception is emergency use of a short course of corticosteroids (equivalent of dexamethasone 40 milligram per day \[mg/day\] for a maximum of 4 days) before treatment. A list of anti-myeloma treatments with the corresponding pharmacokinetic half-lives is provided in the Site Investigational Product Procedures Manual (IPPM). * Has a history of malignancy (other than multiple myeloma) within 3 years before the date of randomization * Has any concurrent medical condition or disease (eg, active systemic infection) that is likely to interfere with study procedures

Design outcomes

Primary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Progression-free Survival (PFS)From the date of randomization to either progressive disease or death, whichever occurred first (approximately 1 year 4 months)PFS was defined as duration from date of randomization to either progressive disease (PD)/death, whichever occurred first. PD was defined as meeting any one of following criteria: Increase of greater than equal to (\>=)25 percent (%) in level of serum M-protein from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>=0.5 gram per deciliter (g/dL); Increase of \>=25% in 24-hour urinary light chain excretion (urine M-protein) from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>=200 mg/24hours; Only in participants without measurable serum and urine M-protein levels: increase of \>=25% in difference between involved and uninvolved FLC levels from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>10 mg/dL; Definite increase in size of existing bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas; Definite development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas; Development of hypercalcemia (corrected serum calcium \>11.5 mg/dL) that can be attributed solely to PC proliferative disorder.

Secondary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Time to Disease Progression (TTP)From the date of randomization to the date of first documented evidence of progression or death due to PD whichever occurred first (approximately 6 years 9 months)TTP was defined as time from date of randomization to date of first documented evidence of progressive disease (PD). PD was defined as meeting any one of following criteria: Increase of \>=25% in level of serum M-protein from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>=0.5 g/dL; Increase of \>=25% in 24-hour urinary light chain excretion (urine M-protein) from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>=200 mg/24hours; Only in participants without measurable serum and urine M-protein levels: increase of \>=25% in difference between involved and uninvolved free light chain (FLC) levels from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>10 milligram per deciliter (mg/dL); Definite increase in size of existing bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas; Definite development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas; Development of hypercalcemia (corrected serum calcium \>11.5 mg/dL) that can be attributed solely to Plasma Cell (PC) proliferative disorder.
Percentage of Participants With a Very Good Partial Response (VGPR) or BetterUp to disease progression (approximately 6 years 9 months)Response rate of VGPR or better was defined as the percentage of participants who achieved VGPR and CR (including sCR) according to the IMWG criteria during or after the study treatment. IMWG criteria for VGPR: Serum and urine M-component detectable by immunofixation but not on electrophoresis, or \>=90% reduction in serum M-protein plus urine M-protein \<100 mg/24 hours, if the serum and urine M-protein are not measurable, a decrease of \>90% in the difference between involved and uninvolved FLC levels is required in place of the M-protein criteria, in addition to the above criteria, if present at baseline, a \>=50% reduction in the size of soft tissue plasmacytomas is also required; CR: Negative immunofixation on the serum and urine, disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas, and \<5% PCs in bone marrow; sCR: CR and normal FLC ratio, absence of clonal PCs by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence or 2 to 4 color flow cytometry.
Overall Response Rate (ORR)Up to disease progression (approximately 6 years 9 months)The Overall response rate was defined as the percentage of participants who achieved stringent complete response (sCR), complete response (CR), very good partial response (VGPR), or partial response (PR) according to the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria, during the study or during follow up. IMWG criteria for PR: \>=50% reduction of serum M-protein and reduction in 24 hour urinary M-protein by \>=90% or to \<200 mg/24 hours, if the serum and urine M-protein are not measurable, a decrease of \>=50% in the difference between involved and uninvolved FLC levels is required in place of the M-protein criteria, in addition to the above criteria, if present at baseline, a \>=50% reduction in the size of soft tissue plasmacytomas is also required.
Percentage of Participants With Negative Minimal Residual Disease (MRD)Up to disease progression (approximately 6 years 9 months)The Minimal Residual Disease negativity rate was defined as the percentage of participants who had negative MRD assessment at any timepoint after the first dose of study drugs by evaluation of bone marrow aspirates or whole blood. MRD was assessed in participants who achieved complete response or stringent complete response (CR/sCR). IMWG criteria for CR: Negative immunofixation on the serum and urine, disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas, and \<5% PCs in bone marrow; sCR: CR plus normal FLC ratio, absence of clonal PCs by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence or 2 to 4 color flow cytometry.
Overall Survival (OS)Up to 6 years 9 monthsOverall Survival was measured from the date of randomization to the date of the participant's death.

Countries

Australia, Brazil, Czechia, Germany, Hungary, Mexico, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Turkey (Türkiye), Ukraine, United States

Participant flow

Participants by arm

ArmCount
Bortezomib + Dexamethasone (Vd)
Participants received bortezomib 1.3 milligrams per square meter (mg/m\^2) subcutaneous (SC) injection on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of each 21-day cycle (8 treatment cycles) and dexamethasone 20 milligrams (mg) orally (PO) on Days 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, and 12 of the first 8 bortezomib treatment cycles. Participants who met sponsor confirmed disease progression eligibility criteria received daratumumab monotherapy as a subsequent antimyeloma therapy as follow: daratumumab 16 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) intravenous (IV) infusion or daratumumab SC injection (1800 mg fixed dose) weekly for the first 2 cycles, every 2 weeks from Cycle 3 to 6, and then every 4 weeks thereafter.
247
Daratumumab + Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (DVd)
Participants received daratumumab 16 mg/kg IV infusion weekly or daratumumab SC injection (1800 mg fixed dose) for the first 3 cycles, on Day 1 of Cycles 4-8, and then every 4 weeks thereafter, bortezomib 1.3 mg/m\^2 SC injection administration on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of each 21-day cycle (8 treatment cycles) and dexamethasone 20 mg orally on Days 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, and 12 of the first 8 bortezomib treatment cycles.
251
Total498

Withdrawals & dropouts

PeriodReasonFG000FG001
Overall StudyDeath170148
Overall StudyLost to Follow-up33
Overall StudyUspecified5590
Overall StudyWithdrawal by Subject1910

Baseline characteristics

CharacteristicBortezomib + Dexamethasone (Vd)Daratumumab + Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (DVd)Total
Age, Continuous63.9 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.81
62.8 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.66
63.4 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.74
No. of Prior Lines of Therapy
1
113 participants122 participants235 participants
No. of Prior Lines of Therapy
2
74 participants70 participants144 participants
No. of Prior Lines of Therapy
3
32 participants37 participants69 participants
No. of Prior Lines of Therapy
>3
28 participants22 participants50 participants
Region of Enrollment
Australia
20 participants23 participants43 participants
Region of Enrollment
Brazil
9 participants13 participants22 participants
Region of Enrollment
Czech Republic
19 participants16 participants35 participants
Region of Enrollment
Germany
21 participants21 participants42 participants
Region of Enrollment
Hungary
14 participants16 participants30 participants
Region of Enrollment
Italy
25 participants24 participants49 participants
Region of Enrollment
Korea, Republic of
8 participants10 participants18 participants
Region of Enrollment
Mexico
1 participants2 participants3 participants
Region of Enrollment
Netherlands
14 participants11 participants25 participants
Region of Enrollment
Poland
18 participants16 participants34 participants
Region of Enrollment
Russian Federation
13 participants21 participants34 participants
Region of Enrollment
Spain
19 participants10 participants29 participants
Region of Enrollment
Sweden
9 participants10 participants19 participants
Region of Enrollment
Turkey
14 participants14 participants28 participants
Region of Enrollment
Ukraine
22 participants28 participants50 participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
21 participants16 participants37 participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
99 Participants114 Participants213 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
148 Participants137 Participants285 Participants
Stage of Disease (ISS)
I
96 participants98 participants194 participants
Stage of Disease (ISS)
II
100 participants94 participants194 participants
Stage of Disease (ISS)
III
51 participants59 participants110 participants

Adverse events

Event typeEG000
affected / at risk
EG001
affected / at risk
EG002
affected / at risk
deaths
Total, all-cause mortality
— / —— / —— / —
other
Total, other adverse events
217 / 237238 / 24329 / 87
serious
Total, serious adverse events
81 / 237134 / 2437 / 87

Outcome results

Primary

Progression-free Survival (PFS)

PFS was defined as duration from date of randomization to either progressive disease (PD)/death, whichever occurred first. PD was defined as meeting any one of following criteria: Increase of greater than equal to (\>=)25 percent (%) in level of serum M-protein from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>=0.5 gram per deciliter (g/dL); Increase of \>=25% in 24-hour urinary light chain excretion (urine M-protein) from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>=200 mg/24hours; Only in participants without measurable serum and urine M-protein levels: increase of \>=25% in difference between involved and uninvolved FLC levels from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>10 mg/dL; Definite increase in size of existing bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas; Definite development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas; Development of hypercalcemia (corrected serum calcium \>11.5 mg/dL) that can be attributed solely to PC proliferative disorder.

Time frame: From the date of randomization to either progressive disease or death, whichever occurred first (approximately 1 year 4 months)

Population: The intent-to-treat (ITT) population included all randomized participants.

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
Bortezomib + Dexamethasone (Vd)Progression-free Survival (PFS)7.16 months
Daratumumab + Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (DVd)Progression-free Survival (PFS)NA months
Secondary

Overall Response Rate (ORR)

The Overall response rate was defined as the percentage of participants who achieved stringent complete response (sCR), complete response (CR), very good partial response (VGPR), or partial response (PR) according to the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria, during the study or during follow up. IMWG criteria for PR: \>=50% reduction of serum M-protein and reduction in 24 hour urinary M-protein by \>=90% or to \<200 mg/24 hours, if the serum and urine M-protein are not measurable, a decrease of \>=50% in the difference between involved and uninvolved FLC levels is required in place of the M-protein criteria, in addition to the above criteria, if present at baseline, a \>=50% reduction in the size of soft tissue plasmacytomas is also required.

Time frame: Up to disease progression (approximately 6 years 9 months)

Population: The response-evaluable analysis set is defined as participants who have confirmed diagnosis of multiple myeloma and measurable disease at baseline or screening visit, received at least 1 administration of study treatment and had at least 1 post baseline disease assessment.

ArmMeasureValue (NUMBER)
Bortezomib + Dexamethasone (Vd)Overall Response Rate (ORR)63.2 percentage of participants
Daratumumab + Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (DVd)Overall Response Rate (ORR)82.9 percentage of participants
Secondary

Overall Survival (OS)

Overall Survival was measured from the date of randomization to the date of the participant's death.

Time frame: Up to 6 years 9 months

Population: The intent-to-treat (ITT) population included all randomized participants.

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
Bortezomib + Dexamethasone (Vd)Overall Survival (OS)38.51 months
Daratumumab + Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (DVd)Overall Survival (OS)49.58 months
Secondary

Percentage of Participants With a Very Good Partial Response (VGPR) or Better

Response rate of VGPR or better was defined as the percentage of participants who achieved VGPR and CR (including sCR) according to the IMWG criteria during or after the study treatment. IMWG criteria for VGPR: Serum and urine M-component detectable by immunofixation but not on electrophoresis, or \>=90% reduction in serum M-protein plus urine M-protein \<100 mg/24 hours, if the serum and urine M-protein are not measurable, a decrease of \>90% in the difference between involved and uninvolved FLC levels is required in place of the M-protein criteria, in addition to the above criteria, if present at baseline, a \>=50% reduction in the size of soft tissue plasmacytomas is also required; CR: Negative immunofixation on the serum and urine, disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas, and \<5% PCs in bone marrow; sCR: CR and normal FLC ratio, absence of clonal PCs by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence or 2 to 4 color flow cytometry.

Time frame: Up to disease progression (approximately 6 years 9 months)

Population: The response evaluable analysis set is defined as participants who have a confirmed diagnosis of multiple myeloma and measurable disease at baseline or screening visit, received at least 1 administration of study treatment, and had at least 1 post baseline disease assessment.

ArmMeasureValue (NUMBER)
Bortezomib + Dexamethasone (Vd)Percentage of Participants With a Very Good Partial Response (VGPR) or Better29.1 percentage of participants
Daratumumab + Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (DVd)Percentage of Participants With a Very Good Partial Response (VGPR) or Better59.2 percentage of participants
Secondary

Percentage of Participants With Negative Minimal Residual Disease (MRD)

The Minimal Residual Disease negativity rate was defined as the percentage of participants who had negative MRD assessment at any timepoint after the first dose of study drugs by evaluation of bone marrow aspirates or whole blood. MRD was assessed in participants who achieved complete response or stringent complete response (CR/sCR). IMWG criteria for CR: Negative immunofixation on the serum and urine, disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas, and \<5% PCs in bone marrow; sCR: CR plus normal FLC ratio, absence of clonal PCs by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence or 2 to 4 color flow cytometry.

Time frame: Up to disease progression (approximately 6 years 9 months)

Population: The intent-to-treat (ITT) population included all randomized participants.

ArmMeasureValue (NUMBER)
Bortezomib + Dexamethasone (Vd)Percentage of Participants With Negative Minimal Residual Disease (MRD)2.8 percentage of participants
Daratumumab + Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (DVd)Percentage of Participants With Negative Minimal Residual Disease (MRD)13.5 percentage of participants
Secondary

Time to Disease Progression (TTP)

TTP was defined as time from date of randomization to date of first documented evidence of progressive disease (PD). PD was defined as meeting any one of following criteria: Increase of \>=25% in level of serum M-protein from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>=0.5 g/dL; Increase of \>=25% in 24-hour urinary light chain excretion (urine M-protein) from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>=200 mg/24hours; Only in participants without measurable serum and urine M-protein levels: increase of \>=25% in difference between involved and uninvolved free light chain (FLC) levels from lowest response value and absolute increase must be \>10 milligram per deciliter (mg/dL); Definite increase in size of existing bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas; Definite development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas; Development of hypercalcemia (corrected serum calcium \>11.5 mg/dL) that can be attributed solely to Plasma Cell (PC) proliferative disorder.

Time frame: From the date of randomization to the date of first documented evidence of progression or death due to PD whichever occurred first (approximately 6 years 9 months)

Population: The intent-to-treat (ITT) population included all randomized participants.

ArmMeasureValue (MEDIAN)
Bortezomib + Dexamethasone (Vd)Time to Disease Progression (TTP)7.29 months
Daratumumab + Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (DVd)Time to Disease Progression (TTP)NA months

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Mar 12, 2026