Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Conditions
Keywords
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of rabeprazole 10mg once and twice daily in maintenance therapy for PPI resistant gastroesophageal reflux disease patients.
Detailed description
This is randomized, multicenter, parallel-group, double-blind trial that investigates the efficacy and safety of rabeprazole 10mg twice daily over a period of 52 weeks. The 8-week Treatment Period (unblinded) was followed by a 52-week Maintenance Period (blinded). Participants with cure (modified Los Angeles Classification Grade N or Grade M) at the final endoscopy of the Treatment Period were entered into the Maintenance Period. Participants without cure were discontinued from the study. The participants in the Treatment Period were randomized to take Arm C or Arm D at a ratio of 1:1. The non-recurrence rate as endoscopically confirmed at 52 weeks shall be the primary end point, and this shall be examined through a randomized, multicenter, parallel-group, double-blind trial that investigates the efficacy and safety of rabeprazole 10mg twice daily over a period of 52 weeks.
Interventions
DRUGRabeprazole
Rabeprazole 10 mg was administered orally twice daily during the treatment period for 8 weeks (unblinded).
Sponsors
Eisai Co., Ltd.
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
20 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
Subjects fulfilling all of the below criteria shall be eligible for the study: 1. Patients diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease who are shown through endoscopic examination to have mucosal lesions (erosions, ulcers) 2. Patients shown through endoscopy not to have recovered despite administration of PPI once daily for eight weeks. 3. Patients over 20 years of age who have freely given their informed consent in writing to participation in the study. 4. Patients who, having received a full explanation of the matters that must be adhered to during the study, intend to adhere to their requirements, and are capable of doing so.
Exclusion criteria
Subjects fulfilling any of the following criteria shall be excluded from the study: 1. Patients considered candidates for surgical treatment of the upper gastrointestinal tract due to perforation, esophageal stricture, pyloric stenosis, esophageal varices, etc. 2. Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. 3. Patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. 4. Patients with serious cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, hematological disorders, renal disease, liver disease, malignant tumors, etc. 5. Patients with long segment Barrett's esophagus. 6. Patients with open gastric or duodenal ulcers. 7. Patients with drug allergies or a past history of drug allergies to PPI. 8. Patients who are taking other drugs under development, or have done so within 12 weeks prior to enrollment. 9. Patients who are, or may be pregnant, patients who wish to become pregnant during the study period, patients who are breastfeeding, and patients or their partners who do not wish to use reliable contraceptive measures. 10. Patients with a history of dependence on or abuse of drugs or alcohol within the past two years. 11. Other patients deemed unsuitable for inclusion in the study by the principal investigator or sub-investigators.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rate of Non-recurrence at Week 52 | Week 52 | The non-recurrence rate (at 52 weeks) was determined by the endoscopy central review panel who were blinded to the investigator's assessment, based on the modified Los Angeles Classification using endoscopy photos were submitted by each of the institutions. Participants showing Grade A or above based on the modified Los Angeles Classification were included as a recurrence. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Cumulative Non-recurrence Rate at Week 52 | Week 52 | Non-recurrence rate at Week 52 was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. |
| Percentage of Participants With Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period | From Week 4 up to Week 52 | A comparison of the rabeprazole 10 mg once daily group and the rabeprazole 10 mg twice daily group was performed for participants who did not exhibit daytime or nighttime heartburn at Week 0 of the Maintenance Therapy Period. Heartburn is a burning sensation in the stomach or lower chest; it is worsened by bending or pressure on the abdomen. Heartburn frequency was rated from 0-day (no) to 7-day (always) and severity was graded on a 3-point scale (mild, moderate, severe). Heartburn was evaluated in the daytime (from wake-up time to time for bed) and nighttime (from time for bed to wake-up time). |
| Frequency of Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period | From Week 4 up to Week 52 | A comparison of rabeprazole 10 mg once daily group and the rabeprazole 10 mg twice daily group shall be performed for participants who did not exhibit daytime or nighttime heartburn at 0 weeks of the maintenance therapy period. Daytime and nighttime heartburn, and nighttime sleep disorders shall likewise be compared. For the participants who had recurrence, values at the final evaluation were imputed using a last observation carried forward (LOCF) method. |
| Rate of Non-recurrence at Weeks 12 and 24 | Weeks 12 and 24 | The non-recurrence rate (up to 52 weeks) was determined by the endoscopy central review panel who were blinded to the investigator's assessment, based on the modified Los Angeles Classification using endoscopy photos were submitted by each of the institutions. Participants showing Grade A or above based on the modified Los Angeles Classification were included as a recurrence. The 95% CI was calculated by normal approximation. |
| Percentage of Participants With Sleep Disorders During the Maintenance Therapy Period | From Week 4 up to Week 52 | Sleep disorders were defined as the condition of lack of dead sleep and arousal during sleep arising from heartburn or acid reflux. Sleep disorders during each of the 7-day periods immediately before visiting the hospital were assessed. Evaluation of sleep disorders arising from heartburn or acid reflux included recording if sleep-inducing drugs were being taken before enrollment; their type, method of use, and dosage. It was requested that no changes in sleep-inducing drug be made after enrollment. Sleep disorders were rated from 0-day (no) to 7-day (always). The incidence of sleep disorder was tabulated by an analysis classifying the stages into two groups: No (0 days with sleep disorder) and Yes (1 or more days with sleep disorder). Heartburn was evaluated prior to 7 days of each visit. |
| Frequency of Sleep Disorders During the Maintenance Therapy Period | From Week 4 up to Week 52 | Sleep disorders were defined as the condition of lack of dead sleep and arousal during sleep arising from heartburn or acid reflux. Evaluation of sleep disorders arising from heartburn or acid reflux included recording if sleep-inducing drugs were being taken before enrollment; their type, method of use, and dosage. It was requested that no changes in sleep-inducing drug be made after enrollment. Sleep disorders were rated from 0-day (no) to 7-day (always). Heartburn was evaluated prior to 7 days of each visit. |
| Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | From date of first dose up to 30 days after the last dose of study drug, up to approximately 1 year 3 months (Treatment Period; 8 weeks, Maintenance Therapy Period; 52 weeks, and Follow-up Period; 30 days) | Safety was assessed by monitoring and recording all adverse events (AEs) and SAEs, regular monitoring of hematology, clinical chemistry, urine values, and regular measurement of vital signs. All AEs were graded on a 3-point scale; 1) mild was defined as discomfort that did not interfere with normal daily activities, 2) moderate was defined as discomfort that interfered with normal activities, and 3) severe was defined as discomfort that interfered with the ability to work or normal daily activities were impossible. SAEs were medical events that led to death, were life-threatening, required hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization, caused persistent disability, or resulted in a congenital abnormality. TEAEs were AEs with an onset date on or after the first dose of study drug and up to 30 days after receiving the last dose of study drug. Treatment-related AEs were medical events that were considered by the investigator to be possibly or probably related to rabeprazole. |
| Severity of Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period | From Week 4 up to Week 52 | A comparison of the rabeprazole (10 mg once daily group) and the rabeprazole (10 mg twice daily group) was performed for participants who did not exhibit daytime or nighttime heartburn at Week 0 of the Maintenance Therapy Period. The presence or absence of heartburn was assessed by the investigators during medical interviews. The heartburn incidence during each of the 7-day periods immediately before visiting the hospital was assessed on a scale of five stages based on the number of days with symptoms: 0 (no symptoms), 1 to 2 (occasional symptoms), 3 to 4 (sometimes had symptoms), 5 to 6 (often had symptoms), and 7 (always had symptoms). The incidence was tabulated by an analysis classifying the states into two groups: no symptom group (0 days with symptoms) and with symptoms group (1 day or more with symptoms). The severity of heartburn was as below: Mild (feel heartburn but tolerable), Moderate (feel heartburn and hard), and Severe (feel heartburn and terrible). |
Countries
Japan
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Rabeprazole: 10 mg Twice Daily Rabeprazole 10 mg was administered orally twice daily during the treatment period for 8 weeks (unblinded). | 437 |
| Rabeprazole: 20 mg Twice Daily Rabeprazole 20 mg was administered orally twice daily during the treatment period for 8 weeks (unblinded). | 80 |
| Total | 517 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 | FG002 | FG003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maintenance Therapy Period | Adverse Event | 0 | 0 | 3 | 7 |
| Maintenance Therapy Period | Other | 0 | 0 | 7 | 8 |
| Maintenance Therapy Period | Pregnancy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Maintenance Therapy Period | Withdrawal by Subject | 0 | 0 | 5 | 4 |
| Treatment Period | Adverse Event | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Treatment Period | Other | 115 | 24 | 0 | 0 |
| Treatment Period | Pregnancy | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Treatment Period | Withdrawal by Subject | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Rabeprazole: 10 mg Twice Daily | Rabeprazole: 20 mg Twice Daily | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 64.0 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.1 | 70.2 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.7 | 64.6 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.6 |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Female | 155 Participants | 49 Participants | 204 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Male | 282 Participants | 31 Participants | 313 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 437 | 0 / 80 | 1 / 178 | 0 / 181 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 63 / 437 | 12 / 80 | 75 / 178 | 87 / 181 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 6 / 437 | 4 / 80 | 11 / 178 | 17 / 181 |
Outcome results
Primary
Rate of Non-recurrence at Week 52
The non-recurrence rate (at 52 weeks) was determined by the endoscopy central review panel who were blinded to the investigator's assessment, based on the modified Los Angeles Classification using endoscopy photos were submitted by each of the institutions. Participants showing Grade A or above based on the modified Los Angeles Classification were included as a recurrence.
Time frame: Week 52
Population: Central assessment Full Analysis Set (FAS) was defined as all randomized participants who received at least one dose of the study drug, and from whom the results of at least one endoscopic assessment was available. Data analysis excluded participants with missing data.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Rate of Non-recurrence at Week 52 | Non-recurrence | 44.8 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Rate of Non-recurrence at Week 52 | Recurrence | 55.2 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Rate of Non-recurrence at Week 52 | Non-recurrence | 73.9 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Rate of Non-recurrence at Week 52 | Recurrence | 26.1 Percentage of participants |
p-value: <0.001Chi-squared
Secondary
Cumulative Non-recurrence Rate at Week 52
Non-recurrence rate at Week 52 was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.
Time frame: Week 52
Population: Central assessment FAS
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Cumulative Non-recurrence Rate at Week 52 | 41.5 Percentage of non-recurrence |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Cumulative Non-recurrence Rate at Week 52 | 71.4 Percentage of non-recurrence |
p-value: <0.00195% CI: [0.23, 0.49]Log Rank
Secondary
Frequency of Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period
A comparison of rabeprazole 10 mg once daily group and the rabeprazole 10 mg twice daily group shall be performed for participants who did not exhibit daytime or nighttime heartburn at 0 weeks of the maintenance therapy period. Daytime and nighttime heartburn, and nighttime sleep disorders shall likewise be compared. For the participants who had recurrence, values at the final evaluation were imputed using a last observation carried forward (LOCF) method.
Time frame: From Week 4 up to Week 52
Population: Central assessment FAS
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Frequency of Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period | 0 Days (no symptoms) | 85.2 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Frequency of Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period | 5 to 6 Days (often had symptoms) | 0.0 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Frequency of Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period | 3 to 4 Days (sometimes had symptoms) | 1.9 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Frequency of Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period | 7 Days (always had symptoms) | 0.6 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Frequency of Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period | 1 to 2 Days (occasional symptoms) | 12.3 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Frequency of Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period | 7 Days (always had symptoms) | 1.2 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Frequency of Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period | 0 Days (no symptoms) | 85.1 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Frequency of Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period | 1 to 2 Days (occasional symptoms) | 11.2 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Frequency of Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period | 3 to 4 Days (sometimes had symptoms) | 0.6 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Frequency of Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period | 5 to 6 Days (often had symptoms) | 1.9 Percentage of participants |
Secondary
Frequency of Sleep Disorders During the Maintenance Therapy Period
Sleep disorders were defined as the condition of lack of dead sleep and arousal during sleep arising from heartburn or acid reflux. Evaluation of sleep disorders arising from heartburn or acid reflux included recording if sleep-inducing drugs were being taken before enrollment; their type, method of use, and dosage. It was requested that no changes in sleep-inducing drug be made after enrollment. Sleep disorders were rated from 0-day (no) to 7-day (always). Heartburn was evaluated prior to 7 days of each visit.
Time frame: From Week 4 up to Week 52
Population: Central assessment FAS
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Frequency of Sleep Disorders During the Maintenance Therapy Period | 0 Day (none) | 96.9 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Frequency of Sleep Disorders During the Maintenance Therapy Period | 5 to 6 Days (often had symptoms) | 0.0 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Frequency of Sleep Disorders During the Maintenance Therapy Period | 1 to 2 Days (occasional symptoms) | 2.5 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Frequency of Sleep Disorders During the Maintenance Therapy Period | 7 Days (always had symptoms) | 0.0 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Frequency of Sleep Disorders During the Maintenance Therapy Period | 3 to 4 Days (sometimes had symptoms) | 0.6 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Frequency of Sleep Disorders During the Maintenance Therapy Period | 7 Days (always had symptoms) | 0.6 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Frequency of Sleep Disorders During the Maintenance Therapy Period | 0 Day (none) | 98.1 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Frequency of Sleep Disorders During the Maintenance Therapy Period | 3 to 4 Days (sometimes had symptoms) | 0.0 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Frequency of Sleep Disorders During the Maintenance Therapy Period | 5 to 6 Days (often had symptoms) | 0.6 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Frequency of Sleep Disorders During the Maintenance Therapy Period | 1 to 2 Days (occasional symptoms) | 0.6 Percentage of participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
Safety was assessed by monitoring and recording all adverse events (AEs) and SAEs, regular monitoring of hematology, clinical chemistry, urine values, and regular measurement of vital signs. All AEs were graded on a 3-point scale; 1) mild was defined as discomfort that did not interfere with normal daily activities, 2) moderate was defined as discomfort that interfered with normal activities, and 3) severe was defined as discomfort that interfered with the ability to work or normal daily activities were impossible. SAEs were medical events that led to death, were life-threatening, required hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization, caused persistent disability, or resulted in a congenital abnormality. TEAEs were AEs with an onset date on or after the first dose of study drug and up to 30 days after receiving the last dose of study drug. Treatment-related AEs were medical events that were considered by the investigator to be possibly or probably related to rabeprazole.
Time frame: From date of first dose up to 30 days after the last dose of study drug, up to approximately 1 year 3 months (Treatment Period; 8 weeks, Maintenance Therapy Period; 52 weeks, and Follow-up Period; 30 days)
Population: Safety analysis set was the group of participants who received at least one dose of study drug (rabeprazole) in the Treatment Period or Maintenance Period and had at least one post-dose safety assessment.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | TEAEs | 111 Participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | Treatment-related TEAEs | 20 Participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | Severe TEAEs | 2 Participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | Serious TEAEs | 6 Participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | Treatment-related TEAEs | 1 Participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | Severe TEAEs | 1 Participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | Serious TEAEs | 4 Participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | TEAEs | 21 Participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once daiArm C | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | Severe TEAEs | 4 Participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once daiArm C | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | Treatment-related TEAEs | 7 Participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once daiArm C | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | Serious TEAEs | 11 Participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once daiArm C | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | TEAEs | 111 Participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | Serious TEAEs | 17 Participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | Treatment-related TEAEs | 11 Participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | TEAEs | 125 Participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | Severe TEAEs | 3 Participants |
Secondary
Percentage of Participants With Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period
A comparison of the rabeprazole 10 mg once daily group and the rabeprazole 10 mg twice daily group was performed for participants who did not exhibit daytime or nighttime heartburn at Week 0 of the Maintenance Therapy Period. Heartburn is a burning sensation in the stomach or lower chest; it is worsened by bending or pressure on the abdomen. Heartburn frequency was rated from 0-day (no) to 7-day (always) and severity was graded on a 3-point scale (mild, moderate, severe). Heartburn was evaluated in the daytime (from wake-up time to time for bed) and nighttime (from time for bed to wake-up time).
Time frame: From Week 4 up to Week 52
Population: Central assessment FAS - LOCF. Analysis was carried out on participants who were determined to be free of symptoms at maintenance therapy entry.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Percentage of Participants With Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period | Heartburn (yes) | 23.2 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Percentage of Participants With Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period | Heartburn (no) | 76.8 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Percentage of Participants With Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period | Heartburn (yes) | 8.0 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Percentage of Participants With Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period | Heartburn (no) | 92.0 Percentage of participants |
p-value: <0.00195% CI: [-23.5, -6.8]Chi-squared
Secondary
Percentage of Participants With Sleep Disorders During the Maintenance Therapy Period
Sleep disorders were defined as the condition of lack of dead sleep and arousal during sleep arising from heartburn or acid reflux. Sleep disorders during each of the 7-day periods immediately before visiting the hospital were assessed. Evaluation of sleep disorders arising from heartburn or acid reflux included recording if sleep-inducing drugs were being taken before enrollment; their type, method of use, and dosage. It was requested that no changes in sleep-inducing drug be made after enrollment. Sleep disorders were rated from 0-day (no) to 7-day (always). The incidence of sleep disorder was tabulated by an analysis classifying the stages into two groups: No (0 days with sleep disorder) and Yes (1 or more days with sleep disorder). Heartburn was evaluated prior to 7 days of each visit.
Time frame: From Week 4 up to Week 52
Population: Central assessment FAS. Participants who did not have sleep disorder due to nighttime heartburn or swallowing at the time of maintenance of the Maintenance Therapy Period, participants whose visit data was not missing.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Percentage of Participants With Sleep Disorders During the Maintenance Therapy Period | Sleep disorders from heartburn/acid reflux (yes) | 2.5 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Percentage of Participants With Sleep Disorders During the Maintenance Therapy Period | Sleep disorders from heartburn/acid reflux (no) | 97.5 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Percentage of Participants With Sleep Disorders During the Maintenance Therapy Period | Sleep disorders from heartburn/acid reflux (yes) | 2.5 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Percentage of Participants With Sleep Disorders During the Maintenance Therapy Period | Sleep disorders from heartburn/acid reflux (no) | 97.5 Percentage of participants |
p-value: =0.99295% CI: [-3.5, 3.5]Chi-squared
Secondary
Rate of Non-recurrence at Weeks 12 and 24
The non-recurrence rate (up to 52 weeks) was determined by the endoscopy central review panel who were blinded to the investigator's assessment, based on the modified Los Angeles Classification using endoscopy photos were submitted by each of the institutions. Participants showing Grade A or above based on the modified Los Angeles Classification were included as a recurrence. The 95% CI was calculated by normal approximation.
Time frame: Weeks 12 and 24
Population: Central assessment FAS. Data analysis excluded participants with missing data.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Rate of Non-recurrence at Weeks 12 and 24 | Week 12, Non-recurrence | 62.5 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Rate of Non-recurrence at Weeks 12 and 24 | Week 12, Recurrence | 37.5 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Rate of Non-recurrence at Weeks 12 and 24 | Week 24, Non-recurrence | 55.8 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Rate of Non-recurrence at Weeks 12 and 24 | Week 24, Recurrence | 44.2 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Rate of Non-recurrence at Weeks 12 and 24 | Week 24, Recurrence | 14.9 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Rate of Non-recurrence at Weeks 12 and 24 | Week 12, Non-recurrence | 92.4 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Rate of Non-recurrence at Weeks 12 and 24 | Week 24, Non-recurrence | 85.1 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Rate of Non-recurrence at Weeks 12 and 24 | Week 12, Recurrence | 7.6 Percentage of participants |
Comparison: Comparison at Week 12p-value: <0.001Chi-squared
Comparison: Comparison at Week 24p-value: <0.001Chi-squared
Secondary
Severity of Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period
A comparison of the rabeprazole (10 mg once daily group) and the rabeprazole (10 mg twice daily group) was performed for participants who did not exhibit daytime or nighttime heartburn at Week 0 of the Maintenance Therapy Period. The presence or absence of heartburn was assessed by the investigators during medical interviews. The heartburn incidence during each of the 7-day periods immediately before visiting the hospital was assessed on a scale of five stages based on the number of days with symptoms: 0 (no symptoms), 1 to 2 (occasional symptoms), 3 to 4 (sometimes had symptoms), 5 to 6 (often had symptoms), and 7 (always had symptoms). The incidence was tabulated by an analysis classifying the states into two groups: no symptom group (0 days with symptoms) and with symptoms group (1 day or more with symptoms). The severity of heartburn was as below: Mild (feel heartburn but tolerable), Moderate (feel heartburn and hard), and Severe (feel heartburn and terrible).
Time frame: From Week 4 up to Week 52
Population: Central assessment FAS - LOCF
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Severity of Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period | None | 85.2 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Severity of Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period | Mild | 14.8 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Severity of Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period | Moderate | 0.0 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Once Daily | Severity of Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period | Severe | 0.0 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Severity of Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period | Severe | 0.0 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Severity of Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period | None | 85.1 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Severity of Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period | Moderate | 0.6 Percentage of participants |
| Rabeprazole: 10 or 20 mg Twice Daily, Then 10 mg Twice Daily | Severity of Heartburn (Daytime / Nighttime) During the Maintenance Therapy Period | Mild | 14.3 Percentage of participants |