Renal Cell Carcinoma
Conditions
Keywords
Axitinib and MK-3475, patients with advanced Renal Cell Cancer.
Brief summary
Despite substantial improvements of patients outcome in advanced RCC, durable and complete response is uncommon. The majority of patients eventually develop resistance and exhibit disease progression. Combining a PD-1 inhibitor, which has shown single-agent efficacy with axitinib may provide additional clinical benefit compared to axitinib alone.
Interventions
DRUGAxitinib
Axitinib at starting dose of 5 mg and 3 mg BID.
DRUGMK-3475
MK-3475 with two dose levels: 2 mg/kg every three weeks to find the maximum tolerated dose and continue treatment in a dose expansion phase.
Sponsors
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
Pfizer
Study design
Allocation
NA
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Histologically or cytologically confirmed advanced RCC with predominantly clear-cell subtype with primary tumor resected * At least one measureable lesion as defined by Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1. * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 or 1 * Controlled hypertension
Exclusion criteria
* Prior treatment with systemic therapy for advanced RCC * Prior adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy if disease progression or relapse has occurred during or within 12 months after the last dose of treatment * Prior treatment with any agent specifically targeting T-cell co-stimulation or checkpoint pathways * Active seizure disorder or evidence of brain metastases, spinal cord compression, or carcinomatous meningitis * Diagnosis of any non-RCC malignancy occurring within 2 years prior to the date of randomization except for adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer, or carcinoma in situ of the breast or of the cervix or low grade prostate cancer with no plans for treatment intervention * In past 12 months: myocardial infarction, uncontrolled angina, coronary/peripheral artery bypass graft, symptomatic congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular accident, or transient ischemic attack * In past 6 months: deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With Dose-Limiting Toxicities (DLT): Dose Finding Phase | Cycle 1 Day 1 to Cycle 2 Day 21 (up to 42 days) | DLT was defined as any of the following adverse events (AEs) occurring in the first two cycles of treatment which were attributable to one or both the study drugs: 1) Grade 4 neutropenia, 2) Febrile neutropenia lasting greater than (\>) 1 hour, 3) Grade greater than or equal to (\>=) 3 neutropenia with infection, 4) Grade \>=3 thrombocytopenia with bleeding, 4) Grade 4 thrombocytopenia, 5) Any grade \>=3 non-hematologic: non-laboratory toxicities despite maximum supportive therapy or hypertension despite maximal medical therapy, 6) Grade \>=3 non-hematologic toxicities resulted in hospitalisation or medical intervention 7) Inability to complete at least 75 percent (%) of axitinib dosing or 2 infusions of pembrolizumab within the DLT observation period (up to 42 days) due to treatment related toxicity. Severity of AEs was graded according to NCI (National Cancer Institute) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.03. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With Treatment Related Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | Baseline up to 28 days after last dose of study drug (approximately up to 1552 days) | An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug. An SAE was an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant and jeopardized the participants or required treatment to prevent other AE outcomes for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. Treatment-emergent AEs are events which occurred between first dose of study drug and up to 28 days after last dose that were absent before treatment or that worsened relative to pre-treatment state. Relatedness to study drug was assessed by the investigator. |
| Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) According to Severity of Grade 3 or Higher Severity Based on NCI CTCAE Version 4.03 | Baseline up to 28 days after last dose of study drug (approximately up to 1552 days) | An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. An SAE was an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant and jeopardized the participants or required treatment to prevent other AE outcomes for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. AEs were graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE) version 4.03 and coded using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) as Grade 3: Severe, Grade 4: Life threatening, Grade 5: Death related to AE. Participants were counted once according to the maximum grade observed. |
| Number of Participants With Laboratory Test Abnormalities of Grade 3 or Higher Severity Based on NCI CTCAE Version 4.03: Biochemistry and Hematology | Baseline up to a maximum of 1083 days | Laboratory parameters included hematological and biochemistry parameters. Biochemistry parameters included alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin (total), creatinine, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia, hypernatremia, hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, hypophosphatemia. Hematology parameters included anemia, haemoglobin increased, lymphocyte count increased, lymphopenia, neutrophils (absolute), platelets and white blood cells. Test abnormalities were graded by NCI CTCAE version 4.03 as Grade 1= mild; Grade 2= moderate; Grade 3= severe and Grade 4= life-threatening or disabling. Only categories with at least 1 participant with abnormality are reported in this outcome measure. |
| Number of Participants With Laboratory Test Abnormalities: Urinalysis | Baseline up to a maximum of 1083 days | Urinalysis parameter included urine protein, urine blood/hemoglobin and urine glucose. Test abnormalities was defined as deviation from normal range. Normal range of 24-hour urine protein test: less than 150 mg of protein per day, urine glucose: 0 to 0.8 mmol/L (millimoles per liter), urine protein: 0 to 20 mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter). Urine blood/hemoglobin abnormality was defined as presence and absence of blood/hemoglobin in urine of participants. |
| Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Change From Baseline in Vital Signs | Baseline up to a maximum of 1083 days | Vital signs included blood pressure, pulse rate and weight. Change from baseline values were considered to be clinically significant based on investigator's judgement. |
| Number of Participants With Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] Performance Status Score | Baseline up to Cycle 43 (up to 1083 days) | ECOG performance status was used to assess how disease affect the daily living abilities of a participant. It was measured on a scale ranging from 0 to 4, where 0=fully active (able to carry on all pre-disease activities without restriction); 1=restricted in physically strenuous activity but ambulatory (able to carry out light/sedentary work); 2=ambulatory and capable of all self-care but unable to carry out any work activities (for more than 50% of waking hours); 3=capable of limited self-care, confined to bed or chair (for \>50% of waking hours); 4=completely disabled, not capable of any self-care, totally confined to bed or chair. Higher scores signified =more functional impairment of a participant. |
| Objective Response Rate | Baseline until disease progression or death due to any cause, up to a maximum of 1083 days | Objective response rate was defined as percentage of participants with confirmed complete response (CR) or confirmed partial response (PR), as assessed by response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) version 1.1. Confirmed responses were those that persist on repeated imaging for at least 4 weeks after initial documentation of response. CR was defined as disappearance of all target lesions and the reduction in short axis of any pathological lymph nodes to \<10 mm. PR was defined as a 30% or more decrease in the sum of longest dimensions of the target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum of longest dimensions. |
| Duration of Response (DR) | Baseline until disease progression or death due to any cause, up to a maximum of 1083 days | DR:date of first documentation of objective tumour response(OR) confirmed to date of first documentation of PD/death due to any cause,whichever occurred first.PD per RECIST 1.1:\>=20%increase in sum of longest dimensions(LD) of target lesions,reference to smallest sum of LD recorded since treatment started/appearance of 1 or more new lesions/increase of at least 5mm addition to relative increase of 20%.DR calculated only for participants with confirmed OR.Participants lacking evaluation of tumour response after date of first study drug dose was censored on date of first dose unless death occurred prior to 18 weeks.If participants had at least 1 on-study assessment,PFS was censored on date of last evaluable tumour disease assessment documenting absence of PD for participants who were alive and progression free at time of analysis/had documentation of PD/death after\>=2 consecutive missed tumour assessments/given anti-tumour treatment other than study drug prior to documented PD/death. |
| Time to Response (TTR) | Baseline until disease progression or death due to any cause, up to a maximum of 1083 days | TTR was defined as the time from first dose of study treatment to the first documentation of objective tumor response (CR or PR) that was subsequently confirmed. |
| Progression-Free Survival (PFS) | Baseline until disease progression or death due to any cause, up to a maximum of 1083 days | PFS: time from date of first dose of study drug to the date of first documented PD or death on study due to any cause. PD as per RECIST v1.1 defined as at least a 20% increase in sum of longest dimensions of target lesions, reference to smallest sum of longest dimensions recorded since treatment started, or appearance of 1 or more new lesions or increase of at least 5 mm in addition to relative increase of 20%. Participants lacking an evaluation of tumor response after date of first study drug dose had event time censored on date of first dose unless death occurred prior to 18 weeks. If participants had at least 1 on-study assessment, PFS data was censored on date of last evaluable tumor disease assessment documenting absence of PD for participants who were alive and progression free at the time of analysis or had documentation of PD or had death after \>=2 consecutive missed tumor assessments or were given anti-tumor treatment other than study drug prior to documented PD or death. |
| Overall Survival (OS) | Baseline until disease progression or death due to any cause, up to a maximum of 1552 days | OS was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug to the date of death due to any cause. For participants still alive at the time of analysis, the OS time was censored on the last date the participants were known to be alive. |
| Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | Baseline up to 28 days after last dose of study drug (approximately up to 1552 days) | An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. An SAE was an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant and jeopardized the participants or required treatment to prevent other AE outcomes for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. Treatment-emergent AEs are events which occurred between first dose of study drug and up to 28 days after last dose that were absent before treatment or that worsened relative to pre-treatment state. |
| Time to Reach Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Axitinib | Dose Finding Phase:Pre-dose, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hrs post-dose on Day 7 of Lead-in (7 days prior Cycle 1 Day 1), Cycle 7 Day 1; Dose Expansion Phase:Pre-dose, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hrs post-dose on Day 7 of Lead-in (7 days prior Cycle 1 Day 1), Cycle 7 Day 1 | — |
| Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to Last Quantifiable Concentration (AUC 0-12) of Axitinib | Dose Finding Phase:Pre-dose, 1, 2, 3, 4,6,8, 12 hrs post-dose on Day 7 of Lead-in (7 days prior Cycle 1 Day 1), Cycle 7 Day 1; Dose Expansion Phase:Pre-dose, 1,2,3,4,6,8,12 hrs post-dose on Day 7 of Lead-in (7 days prior Cycle 1 Day 1), Cycle 7 Day 1 | — |
| Apparent Oral Clearance (CL/F) of Axitinib | Dose Finding Phase:Pre-dose, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hrs post-dose on Day 7 of Lead-in (7 days prior Cycle 1 Day 1), Cycle 7 Day 1; Dose Expansion Phase:Pre-dose, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hrs post-dose on Day 7 of Lead-in (7 days prior Cycle 1 Day 1), Cycle 7 Day 1 | Drug clearance is a quantitative measure of the rate at which a drug substance is removed from the blood (rate at which a drug is metabolized or eliminated by normal biological processes). |
| Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vz/F) of Axitinib | Dose Finding Phase:Pre-dose, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hrs post-dose on Day 7 of Lead-in (7 days prior Cycle 1 Day 1), Cycle 7 Day 1; Dose Expansion Phase:Pre-dose, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hrs post-dose on Day 7 of Lead-in (7 days prior Cycle 1 Day 1), Cycle 7 Day 1 | Volume of distribution is defined as the theoretical volume in which the total amount of drug would need to be uniformly distributed to produce the desired plasma concentration of a drug. Apparent volume of distribution after oral dose (Vz/F) is influenced by the fraction absorbed. |
| Number of Participants With Positive Anti-Drug Antibodies (ADA) of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) | Day 1 of Cycle 1 up to Day 21 of Cycle 56 (up to 1176 days) | — |
| Number of Participants With Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Tumor Proportion Score | Baseline up to Cycle 43 (up to 1083 days) | PD-L1- tumor proportion score was defined as the percentage of viable tumor cells showing partial or complete membrane staining at any intensity. Participants with positive or negative scores were reported. PD-L1 negative: if tumor proportion score was less than 1%; PD-L1 positive: if the tumor proportion score greater than or equal to 1%. |
| Number of Participants With Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) Tumor Proportion Score | Baseline up to Cycle 64 (up to 1344 days) | Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) promotes cancer progression by inducing angiogenesis via VEGF receptors, signals directly through receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. Change in biomarkers related to VEGFR signal transduction pathways after axitinib treatment was assessed. Plasma VEGF concentration evaluations were performed using samples from peripheral blood plasma, bone marrow aspirate, bone marrow (Core) biopsy and bone marrow clot. The VEGFR, axitinib and mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus are used individually in subsequent lines of therapy for advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). |
| Concentration of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) in Serum | Baseline, Day 1 of Cycle 2 Pre-dose, Post end of treatment or Withdrawal whichever came first (maximum of 1344 days) | Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes cancer progression by inducing angiogenesis via VEGF receptors, signals directly through receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. Change in biomarkers related to VEGFR signal transduction pathways after axitinib treatment was assessed. Mononuclear (MNC) cell VEGF receptor expression and phosphorylation was assessed by in situ western blot analysis. VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 evaluations were performed using samples from peripheral blood plasma, bone marrow aspirate, bone marrow (Core) biopsy and bone marrow clot. The VEGFR, axitinib and mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus are used individually in subsequent lines of therapy for advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). |
| Concentration of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in Serum | Baseline, Day 1 of Cycle 2 Pre-dose, Post end of treatment or Withdrawal whichever came first (maximum of 1344 days) | Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes cancer progression by inducing angiogenesis via VEGF receptors, signals directly through receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. Change in biomarkers related to VEGFR signal transduction pathways after axitinib treatment was assessed. Mononuclear (MNC) cell VEGF receptor expression and phosphorylation was assessed by in situ western blot analysis. VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 evaluations were performed using samples from peripheral blood plasma, bone marrow aspirate, bone marrow (Core) biopsy and bone marrow clot. The VEGFR, axitinib and mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus are used individually in subsequent lines of therapy for advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). |
| Concentration of Interleukin 8 (IL-8) in Serum | Baseline, Day 1 of Cycle 2 Pre-dose, Post end of treatment or Withdrawal whichever came first (maximum of 1344 days) | — |
| Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Axitinib | Dose Finding Phase:Pre-dose,1,2,3,4,6,8 hours (hrs) post-dose on Day 7 of Lead-in (7 days prior Cycle 1 Day 1), Cycle 7 Day 1;Dose Expansion Phase:Pre dose,1,2,3,4,6,8 hrs post dose on Day 7 of Lead-in (7 days prior Cycle 1 Day 1), Cycle 7 Day 1 | — |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
This study was planned to be conducted in two potential doses in the dose finding phase, Axitinib 3 mg + Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) 2 mg and Axitinib 5 mg + MK 3475 2 mg. However, no participant was enrolled in the Axitinib 3 mg + MK-3475 2 mg reporting group and all participants were enrolled in ''Axitinib 5 mg + MK-3475 2 mg'' reporting group only.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) 2 mg Participants with no prior systemic treatment for advance cancer, received axitinib 5 mg twice daily orally in combination with pembrolizumab (MK-3475) 2 mg/kg of body weight intravenous infusion every 3 weeks up to a maximum of 6 months in dose finding phase (each cycle of 21 days). Participants received axitinib up to a maximum of 64 cycles and pembrolizumab up to 56 cycles in dose expansion phase (each cycle of 21 days) until documented disease progression or unacceptable toxicity or study discontinuation criteria were met. | 52 |
| Total | 52 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Period 2:Dose Expansion Phase (1344days) | Adverse Event | 1 |
| Period 2:Dose Expansion Phase (1344days) | Death | 13 |
| Period 2:Dose Expansion Phase (1344days) | End of survival follow-up/treatment | 31 |
| Period 2:Dose Expansion Phase (1344days) | Lost to Follow-up | 2 |
| Period 2:Dose Expansion Phase (1344days) | Participant refused further follow-up | 5 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) 2 mg |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 61.2 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.2 |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Asian | 4 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Black | 1 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Other | 2 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized White | 45 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 11 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 41 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 14 / 52 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 52 / 52 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 29 / 52 |
Outcome results
Primary
Number of Participants With Dose-Limiting Toxicities (DLT): Dose Finding Phase
DLT was defined as any of the following adverse events (AEs) occurring in the first two cycles of treatment which were attributable to one or both the study drugs: 1) Grade 4 neutropenia, 2) Febrile neutropenia lasting greater than (\>) 1 hour, 3) Grade greater than or equal to (\>=) 3 neutropenia with infection, 4) Grade \>=3 thrombocytopenia with bleeding, 4) Grade 4 thrombocytopenia, 5) Any grade \>=3 non-hematologic: non-laboratory toxicities despite maximum supportive therapy or hypertension despite maximal medical therapy, 6) Grade \>=3 non-hematologic toxicities resulted in hospitalisation or medical intervention 7) Inability to complete at least 75 percent (%) of axitinib dosing or 2 infusions of pembrolizumab within the DLT observation period (up to 42 days) due to treatment related toxicity. Severity of AEs was graded according to NCI (National Cancer Institute) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.03.
Time frame: Cycle 1 Day 1 to Cycle 2 Day 21 (up to 42 days)
Population: Per protocol analysis set included all enrolled eligible participants who received at least 1 dose of axitinib or pembrolizumab and experienced DLT during first 2 cycles, or complete the observation period for first 2 cycles of treatment. Here, number of participant analyzed (N) = number of participants who were evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Dose-Limiting Toxicities (DLT): Dose Finding Phase | 3 Participants |
Secondary
Apparent Oral Clearance (CL/F) of Axitinib
Drug clearance is a quantitative measure of the rate at which a drug substance is removed from the blood (rate at which a drug is metabolized or eliminated by normal biological processes).
Time frame: Dose Finding Phase:Pre-dose, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hrs post-dose on Day 7 of Lead-in (7 days prior Cycle 1 Day 1), Cycle 7 Day 1; Dose Expansion Phase:Pre-dose, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hrs post-dose on Day 7 of Lead-in (7 days prior Cycle 1 Day 1), Cycle 7 Day 1
Population: PK parameter analysis population included all treated participants who had at least 1 of the PK parameters of interest of any of the study drugs. Here Overall Number of Participants Analyzed= participants evaluable for this outcome measure and Number Analyzed = participants evaluable for specific rows.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Apparent Oral Clearance (CL/F) of Axitinib | Dose Expansion Phase: Day 7 of Lead-in | 53.77 liter per hour (L/hr) | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 142 |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Apparent Oral Clearance (CL/F) of Axitinib | Dose expansion phase: Day 1 of cycle 7 | 42.79 liter per hour (L/hr) | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 50 |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Apparent Oral Clearance (CL/F) of Axitinib | Dose finding phase: Day 7 of Lead-in | 25.11 liter per hour (L/hr) | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 46 |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Apparent Oral Clearance (CL/F) of Axitinib | Dose finding phase: Day 1 of cycle 7 | 22.79 liter per hour (L/hr) | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 12 |
Secondary
Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vz/F) of Axitinib
Volume of distribution is defined as the theoretical volume in which the total amount of drug would need to be uniformly distributed to produce the desired plasma concentration of a drug. Apparent volume of distribution after oral dose (Vz/F) is influenced by the fraction absorbed.
Time frame: Dose Finding Phase:Pre-dose, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hrs post-dose on Day 7 of Lead-in (7 days prior Cycle 1 Day 1), Cycle 7 Day 1; Dose Expansion Phase:Pre-dose, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hrs post-dose on Day 7 of Lead-in (7 days prior Cycle 1 Day 1), Cycle 7 Day 1
Population: PK parameter analysis population included all treated participants who had at least 1 of the PK parameters of interest of any of the study drugs. Here Overall Number of Participants Analyzed= participants evaluable for this outcome measure and Number Analyzed = participants evaluable for specific rows.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vz/F) of Axitinib | Dose finding phase: Day 7 of Lead-in | 85.12 liter | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 36 |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vz/F) of Axitinib | Dose finding phase: Day 1 of cycle 7 | 50.91 liter | — |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vz/F) of Axitinib | Dose Expansion Phase: Day 7 of Lead-in | 245.8 liter | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 50 |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vz/F) of Axitinib | Dose expansion phase: Day 1 of cycle 7 | 225.5 liter | — |
Secondary
Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to Last Quantifiable Concentration (AUC 0-12) of Axitinib
Time frame: Dose Finding Phase:Pre-dose, 1, 2, 3, 4,6,8, 12 hrs post-dose on Day 7 of Lead-in (7 days prior Cycle 1 Day 1), Cycle 7 Day 1; Dose Expansion Phase:Pre-dose, 1,2,3,4,6,8,12 hrs post-dose on Day 7 of Lead-in (7 days prior Cycle 1 Day 1), Cycle 7 Day 1
Population: PK parameter analysis population included all treated participants who had at least 1 of the PK parameters of interest of any of the study drugs. Here Overall Number of Participants Analyzed= participants evaluable for this outcome measure and Number Analyzed = participants evaluable for specific rows.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to Last Quantifiable Concentration (AUC 0-12) of Axitinib | Dose finding phase: Day 7 of Lead-in | 199.1 nanogram*hour per milliliter (ng*hr/mL) | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 46 |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to Last Quantifiable Concentration (AUC 0-12) of Axitinib | Dose finding phase: Day 1 of cycle 7 | 219.4 nanogram*hour per milliliter (ng*hr/mL) | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 12 |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to Last Quantifiable Concentration (AUC 0-12) of Axitinib | Dose expansion phase: Day 7 of Lead-in | 92.99 nanogram*hour per milliliter (ng*hr/mL) | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 142 |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to Last Quantifiable Concentration (AUC 0-12) of Axitinib | Dose expansion phase: Day 1 of cycle 7 | 116.9 nanogram*hour per milliliter (ng*hr/mL) | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 50 |
Secondary
Concentration of Interleukin 8 (IL-8) in Serum
Time frame: Baseline, Day 1 of Cycle 2 Pre-dose, Post end of treatment or Withdrawal whichever came first (maximum of 1344 days)
Population: Tumor biomarker analysis set included all treated participants who had at least one screening biomarker assessment, and had received at least one dose of any study drug. Here Number Analyzed signifies number of participants evaluable for specified rows.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Concentration of Interleukin 8 (IL-8) in Serum | Baseline | NA mmol/L |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Concentration of Interleukin 8 (IL-8) in Serum | Cycle 2 Day 1 | NA mmol/L |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Concentration of Interleukin 8 (IL-8) in Serum | End of treatment | NA mmol/L |
Secondary
Concentration of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) in Serum
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes cancer progression by inducing angiogenesis via VEGF receptors, signals directly through receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. Change in biomarkers related to VEGFR signal transduction pathways after axitinib treatment was assessed. Mononuclear (MNC) cell VEGF receptor expression and phosphorylation was assessed by in situ western blot analysis. VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 evaluations were performed using samples from peripheral blood plasma, bone marrow aspirate, bone marrow (Core) biopsy and bone marrow clot. The VEGFR, axitinib and mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus are used individually in subsequent lines of therapy for advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).
Time frame: Baseline, Day 1 of Cycle 2 Pre-dose, Post end of treatment or Withdrawal whichever came first (maximum of 1344 days)
Population: Tumor biomarker analysis set included all treated participants who had at least one screening biomarker assessment, and had received at least one dose of any study drug. Here Number Analyzed signifies number of participants evaluable for specified rows.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Concentration of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) in Serum | Baseline | 315.2 picogram per millilitre (pg/mL) | Standard Deviation 286.6 |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Concentration of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) in Serum | Cycle 2 Day 1 | 432.1 picogram per millilitre (pg/mL) | Standard Deviation 315 |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Concentration of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) in Serum | End of treatment | 383.6 picogram per millilitre (pg/mL) | Standard Deviation 360.4 |
Secondary
Concentration of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in Serum
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes cancer progression by inducing angiogenesis via VEGF receptors, signals directly through receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. Change in biomarkers related to VEGFR signal transduction pathways after axitinib treatment was assessed. Mononuclear (MNC) cell VEGF receptor expression and phosphorylation was assessed by in situ western blot analysis. VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 evaluations were performed using samples from peripheral blood plasma, bone marrow aspirate, bone marrow (Core) biopsy and bone marrow clot. The VEGFR, axitinib and mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus are used individually in subsequent lines of therapy for advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).
Time frame: Baseline, Day 1 of Cycle 2 Pre-dose, Post end of treatment or Withdrawal whichever came first (maximum of 1344 days)
Population: Tumor biomarker analysis set included all treated participants who had at least one screening biomarker assessment, and had received at least one dose of any study drug. Here Number Analyzed signifies number of participants evaluable for specified rows.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Concentration of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in Serum | End of treatment | 3.69 nanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) | Standard Deviation 1.41 |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Concentration of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in Serum | Baseline | 4.11 nanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) | Standard Deviation 1.27 |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Concentration of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in Serum | Cycle 2 Day 1 | 3.07 nanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) | Standard Deviation 0.93 |
Secondary
Duration of Response (DR)
DR:date of first documentation of objective tumour response(OR) confirmed to date of first documentation of PD/death due to any cause,whichever occurred first.PD per RECIST 1.1:\>=20%increase in sum of longest dimensions(LD) of target lesions,reference to smallest sum of LD recorded since treatment started/appearance of 1 or more new lesions/increase of at least 5mm addition to relative increase of 20%.DR calculated only for participants with confirmed OR.Participants lacking evaluation of tumour response after date of first study drug dose was censored on date of first dose unless death occurred prior to 18 weeks.If participants had at least 1 on-study assessment,PFS was censored on date of last evaluable tumour disease assessment documenting absence of PD for participants who were alive and progression free at time of analysis/had documentation of PD/death after\>=2 consecutive missed tumour assessments/given anti-tumour treatment other than study drug prior to documented PD/death.
Time frame: Baseline until disease progression or death due to any cause, up to a maximum of 1083 days
Population: Response evaluable analysis set included all participants who received study treatment with an adequate baseline tumor assessment (using standard RECIST version 1.1 criteria). Here, N signifies number of participants who were evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Duration of Response (DR) | 18.6 months |
Secondary
Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Axitinib
Time frame: Dose Finding Phase:Pre-dose,1,2,3,4,6,8 hours (hrs) post-dose on Day 7 of Lead-in (7 days prior Cycle 1 Day 1), Cycle 7 Day 1;Dose Expansion Phase:Pre dose,1,2,3,4,6,8 hrs post dose on Day 7 of Lead-in (7 days prior Cycle 1 Day 1), Cycle 7 Day 1
Population: Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameter analysis population included all treated participants who had at least 1 of the PK parameters of interest of any of the study drugs. Here Overall Number of Participants Analyzed= participants evaluable for this outcome measure and Number Analyzed = participants evaluable for specific rows.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Axitinib | Dose finding phase: Day 7 of Lead-in | 46.58 nanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 58 |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Axitinib | Dose finding phase: Day 1 of cycle 7 | 36.57 nanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 31 |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Axitinib | Dose expansion phase: Day 7 of Lead-in | 24.83 nanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 85 |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Axitinib | Dose expansion phase: Day 1 of cycle 7 | 22.65 nanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 51 |
Secondary
Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) According to Severity of Grade 3 or Higher Severity Based on NCI CTCAE Version 4.03
An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. An SAE was an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant and jeopardized the participants or required treatment to prevent other AE outcomes for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. AEs were graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE) version 4.03 and coded using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) as Grade 3: Severe, Grade 4: Life threatening, Grade 5: Death related to AE. Participants were counted once according to the maximum grade observed.
Time frame: Baseline up to 28 days after last dose of study drug (approximately up to 1552 days)
Population: Safety analysis set included all enrolled participants who received at least one dose of axitinib or pembrolizumab.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) According to Severity of Grade 3 or Higher Severity Based on NCI CTCAE Version 4.03 | Grade 3 or 4 | 38 Participants |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) According to Severity of Grade 3 or Higher Severity Based on NCI CTCAE Version 4.03 | Grade 5 | 1 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Change From Baseline in Vital Signs
Vital signs included blood pressure, pulse rate and weight. Change from baseline values were considered to be clinically significant based on investigator's judgement.
Time frame: Baseline up to a maximum of 1083 days
Population: Safety analysis set included all enrolled participants who received at least 1 dose of axitinib or pembrolizumab.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Change From Baseline in Vital Signs | 0 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants With Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] Performance Status Score
ECOG performance status was used to assess how disease affect the daily living abilities of a participant. It was measured on a scale ranging from 0 to 4, where 0=fully active (able to carry on all pre-disease activities without restriction); 1=restricted in physically strenuous activity but ambulatory (able to carry out light/sedentary work); 2=ambulatory and capable of all self-care but unable to carry out any work activities (for more than 50% of waking hours); 3=capable of limited self-care, confined to bed or chair (for \>50% of waking hours); 4=completely disabled, not capable of any self-care, totally confined to bed or chair. Higher scores signified =more functional impairment of a participant.
Time frame: Baseline up to Cycle 43 (up to 1083 days)
Population: Safety analysis set included all enrolled participants who received at least 1 dose of axitinib or pembrolizumab.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] Performance Status Score | 4 | 0 Participants |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] Performance Status Score | Missing | 3 Participants |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] Performance Status Score | 0 | 39 Participants |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] Performance Status Score | 1 | 10 Participants |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] Performance Status Score | 2 | 0 Participants |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] Performance Status Score | 3 | 0 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants With Laboratory Test Abnormalities of Grade 3 or Higher Severity Based on NCI CTCAE Version 4.03: Biochemistry and Hematology
Laboratory parameters included hematological and biochemistry parameters. Biochemistry parameters included alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin (total), creatinine, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia, hypernatremia, hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, hypophosphatemia. Hematology parameters included anemia, haemoglobin increased, lymphocyte count increased, lymphopenia, neutrophils (absolute), platelets and white blood cells. Test abnormalities were graded by NCI CTCAE version 4.03 as Grade 1= mild; Grade 2= moderate; Grade 3= severe and Grade 4= life-threatening or disabling. Only categories with at least 1 participant with abnormality are reported in this outcome measure.
Time frame: Baseline up to a maximum of 1083 days
Population: Safety analysis set included all enrolled participants who received at least 1 dose of axitinib or pembrolizumab.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Laboratory Test Abnormalities of Grade 3 or Higher Severity Based on NCI CTCAE Version 4.03: Biochemistry and Hematology | Hypercalcemia: Grade 3 | 1 Participants |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Laboratory Test Abnormalities of Grade 3 or Higher Severity Based on NCI CTCAE Version 4.03: Biochemistry and Hematology | Hyperkalemia: Grade 3 | 1 Participants |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Laboratory Test Abnormalities of Grade 3 or Higher Severity Based on NCI CTCAE Version 4.03: Biochemistry and Hematology | Hypermagnesemia; Grade 3 | 1 Participants |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Laboratory Test Abnormalities of Grade 3 or Higher Severity Based on NCI CTCAE Version 4.03: Biochemistry and Hematology | Hyponatremia: Grade 3 | 4 Participants |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Laboratory Test Abnormalities of Grade 3 or Higher Severity Based on NCI CTCAE Version 4.03: Biochemistry and Hematology | Hypophosphatemia: Grade 3 | 7 Participants |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Laboratory Test Abnormalities of Grade 3 or Higher Severity Based on NCI CTCAE Version 4.03: Biochemistry and Hematology | Alanine aminotransferase: Grade 3 | 2 Participants |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Laboratory Test Abnormalities of Grade 3 or Higher Severity Based on NCI CTCAE Version 4.03: Biochemistry and Hematology | Hyperglycemia: Grade 3 | 5 Participants |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Laboratory Test Abnormalities of Grade 3 or Higher Severity Based on NCI CTCAE Version 4.03: Biochemistry and Hematology | Hypokalemia: Grade 3 | 3 Participants |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Laboratory Test Abnormalities of Grade 3 or Higher Severity Based on NCI CTCAE Version 4.03: Biochemistry and Hematology | Lymphopenia: Grade 3 | 4 Participants |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Laboratory Test Abnormalities of Grade 3 or Higher Severity Based on NCI CTCAE Version 4.03: Biochemistry and Hematology | Neutrophils (absolute): Grade 3 | 2 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants With Laboratory Test Abnormalities: Urinalysis
Urinalysis parameter included urine protein, urine blood/hemoglobin and urine glucose. Test abnormalities was defined as deviation from normal range. Normal range of 24-hour urine protein test: less than 150 mg of protein per day, urine glucose: 0 to 0.8 mmol/L (millimoles per liter), urine protein: 0 to 20 mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter). Urine blood/hemoglobin abnormality was defined as presence and absence of blood/hemoglobin in urine of participants.
Time frame: Baseline up to a maximum of 1083 days
Population: Safety analysis set included all enrolled participants who received at least 1 dose of axitinib or pembrolizumab.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Laboratory Test Abnormalities: Urinalysis | Urine protein (24 hrs) | 0 Participants |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Laboratory Test Abnormalities: Urinalysis | Urine blood/hemoglobin | 11 Participants |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Laboratory Test Abnormalities: Urinalysis | Urine glucose | 9 Participants |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Laboratory Test Abnormalities: Urinalysis | Urine protein | 25 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants With Positive Anti-Drug Antibodies (ADA) of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475)
Time frame: Day 1 of Cycle 1 up to Day 21 of Cycle 56 (up to 1176 days)
Population: PK parameter analysis population included all treated participants who had at least 1 of the PK parameters of interest of any of the study drugs.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Positive Anti-Drug Antibodies (ADA) of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) | 3 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants With Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Tumor Proportion Score
PD-L1- tumor proportion score was defined as the percentage of viable tumor cells showing partial or complete membrane staining at any intensity. Participants with positive or negative scores were reported. PD-L1 negative: if tumor proportion score was less than 1%; PD-L1 positive: if the tumor proportion score greater than or equal to 1%.
Time frame: Baseline up to Cycle 43 (up to 1083 days)
Population: Tumor biomarker analysis set included all treated participants who had at least one screening biomarker assessment, and had received at least one dose of any study drug. Here, N signifies number of participants who were evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Tumor Proportion Score | Negative Score | 34 Participants |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Tumor Proportion Score | Missing | 1 Participants |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Tumor Proportion Score | Positive Score | 9 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. An SAE was an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant and jeopardized the participants or required treatment to prevent other AE outcomes for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. Treatment-emergent AEs are events which occurred between first dose of study drug and up to 28 days after last dose that were absent before treatment or that worsened relative to pre-treatment state.
Time frame: Baseline up to 28 days after last dose of study drug (approximately up to 1552 days)
Population: Safety analysis set included all enrolled participants who received at least one dose of axitinib or pembrolizumab.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | SAEs | 29 Participants |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | AEs | 52 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants With Treatment Related Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug. An SAE was an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant and jeopardized the participants or required treatment to prevent other AE outcomes for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. Treatment-emergent AEs are events which occurred between first dose of study drug and up to 28 days after last dose that were absent before treatment or that worsened relative to pre-treatment state. Relatedness to study drug was assessed by the investigator.
Time frame: Baseline up to 28 days after last dose of study drug (approximately up to 1552 days)
Population: Safety analysis set included all enrolled participants who received at least one dose of axitinib or pembrolizumab.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Treatment Related Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | AEs | 52 Participants |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Number of Participants With Treatment Related Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | SAEs | 23 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants With Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) Tumor Proportion Score
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) promotes cancer progression by inducing angiogenesis via VEGF receptors, signals directly through receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. Change in biomarkers related to VEGFR signal transduction pathways after axitinib treatment was assessed. Plasma VEGF concentration evaluations were performed using samples from peripheral blood plasma, bone marrow aspirate, bone marrow (Core) biopsy and bone marrow clot. The VEGFR, axitinib and mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus are used individually in subsequent lines of therapy for advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).
Time frame: Baseline up to Cycle 64 (up to 1344 days)
Population: PDL1 analyses didn't find any statistically significant associations between PDL1 status and response, hence data for this outcome measure (a sub-analyses on PDL1 positive participants) was not further collected and analyzed.
Secondary
Objective Response Rate
Objective response rate was defined as percentage of participants with confirmed complete response (CR) or confirmed partial response (PR), as assessed by response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) version 1.1. Confirmed responses were those that persist on repeated imaging for at least 4 weeks after initial documentation of response. CR was defined as disappearance of all target lesions and the reduction in short axis of any pathological lymph nodes to \<10 mm. PR was defined as a 30% or more decrease in the sum of longest dimensions of the target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum of longest dimensions.
Time frame: Baseline until disease progression or death due to any cause, up to a maximum of 1083 days
Population: Response evaluable analysis set included all participants who received study treatment with an adequate baseline tumor assessment (using standard RECIST version 1.1 criteria).
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Objective Response Rate | 73.1 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Overall Survival (OS)
OS was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug to the date of death due to any cause. For participants still alive at the time of analysis, the OS time was censored on the last date the participants were known to be alive.
Time frame: Baseline until disease progression or death due to any cause, up to a maximum of 1552 days
Population: Response evaluable analysis set included all participants who received study treatment with an adequate baseline tumor assessment (using standard RECIST version 1.1 criteria).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Overall Survival (OS) | NA months |
Secondary
Progression-Free Survival (PFS)
PFS: time from date of first dose of study drug to the date of first documented PD or death on study due to any cause. PD as per RECIST v1.1 defined as at least a 20% increase in sum of longest dimensions of target lesions, reference to smallest sum of longest dimensions recorded since treatment started, or appearance of 1 or more new lesions or increase of at least 5 mm in addition to relative increase of 20%. Participants lacking an evaluation of tumor response after date of first study drug dose had event time censored on date of first dose unless death occurred prior to 18 weeks. If participants had at least 1 on-study assessment, PFS data was censored on date of last evaluable tumor disease assessment documenting absence of PD for participants who were alive and progression free at the time of analysis or had documentation of PD or had death after \>=2 consecutive missed tumor assessments or were given anti-tumor treatment other than study drug prior to documented PD or death.
Time frame: Baseline until disease progression or death due to any cause, up to a maximum of 1083 days
Population: Response evaluable analysis set included all participants who received study treatment with an adequate baseline tumor assessment (using standard RECIST version 1.1 criteria).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Progression-Free Survival (PFS) | 20.9 months |
Secondary
Time to Reach Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Axitinib
Time frame: Dose Finding Phase:Pre-dose, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hrs post-dose on Day 7 of Lead-in (7 days prior Cycle 1 Day 1), Cycle 7 Day 1; Dose Expansion Phase:Pre-dose, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hrs post-dose on Day 7 of Lead-in (7 days prior Cycle 1 Day 1), Cycle 7 Day 1
Population: PK parameter analysis population included all treated participants who had at least 1 of the PK parameters of interest of any of the study drugs. Here Overall Number of Participants Analyzed= participants evaluable for this outcome measure and Number Analyzed = participants evaluable for specific rows.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Time to Reach Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Axitinib | Dose finding phase: Day 7 of Lead-in | 2.00 hour |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Time to Reach Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Axitinib | Dose finding phase: Day 1 of cycle 7 | 3.00 hour |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Time to Reach Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Axitinib | Dose expansion phase: Day 7 of Lead-in | 2.00 hour |
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Time to Reach Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Axitinib | Dose expansion phase: Day 1 of cycle 7 | 2.00 hour |
Secondary
Time to Response (TTR)
TTR was defined as the time from first dose of study treatment to the first documentation of objective tumor response (CR or PR) that was subsequently confirmed.
Time frame: Baseline until disease progression or death due to any cause, up to a maximum of 1083 days
Population: Response evaluable analysis set included all participants who received study treatment with an adequate baseline tumor assessment (using standard RECIST version 1.1 criteria). Here, N signifies number of participants who were evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Axitinib 5 mg + Pembrolizumab 2 mg: Dose Finding Phase | Time to Response (TTR) | 2.8 months |