High Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Conditions
Brief summary
This phase II trial studies how well guadecitabine works in treating patients with myelodysplastic syndromes that are at higher risk for becoming acute myeloid leukemia. Guadecitabine may stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth.
Detailed description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. To evaluate the complete response (CR) rate with SGI-110 (guadecitabine) in patients with higher risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. Overall response rate, survival, transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), transfusion independence. II. Safety and toxicity. OUTLINE: Patients receive guadecitabine subcutaneously (SC) on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 4-8 weeks for up to 24 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients with stable disease after 3 courses are taken off therapy after 6 courses. Patients may continue to receive treatment after 24 courses if the investigator determines it is in the patient's best interest. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 30 days, and then every 2 months.
Interventions
DRUGGuadecitabine
Given SC
Sponsors
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Patients with higher risk MDS (International Prognostic Scoring System \[IPSS\] int-2 or high; or \>= 10% blasts as defined by World Health Organization \[WHO\]) * No prior intensive chemotherapy or high-dose cytarabine (\>= 1 g/m\^2) * Prior biologic therapies (=\< 1 cycle of prior decitabine or azacitidine), targeted therapies, or single agent chemotherapy is allowed * Off chemotherapy for 2 weeks prior to entering this study with no toxic effects of that therapy, unless there is evidence of rapidly progressive disease * Hydroxyurea is permitted for control of counts prior to treatment * Hematopoietic growth factors are allowed * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status =\< 2 * Serum creatinine =\< 1.5 mg/dL * Serum bilirubin =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) * Aspartate transaminase (AST) or alanine transaminase (ALT) =\< 2.5 x ULN * Alkaline phosphatase =\< 2.5 x ULN * Provide signed written informed consent * Capable of understanding the investigational nature, potential risks and benefits of the study, and able to provide valid informed consent * Female patients of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test within 2 weeks prior to entering this study * Women who are able to become pregnant and men who can father a child must use birth control while on study and for at least 8 weeks after your last dose of study drug(s); acceptable birth control includes a condom or a diaphragm with spermicidal jelly; and birth control methods that are taken by mouth, injected, or implanted; if you are already using birth control, you must check with the study staff to make sure that it is considered one of the acceptable forms to use in this study
Exclusion criteria
* Current concomitant chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immunotherapy other than as specified in the protocol * Use of investigational agents within 30 days or any anticancer therapy within 2 weeks prior to entering this study with the exception of hydroxyurea; the patient must have recovered from all acute toxicities from any previous therapy * Have any other severe concurrent disease, or have a history of serious organ dysfunction or disease involving the heart, kidney, liver, or other organ system that may place the patient at undue risk to undergo treatment * Patients with a systemic fungal, bacterial, viral, or other infection not controlled (defined as exhibiting ongoing signs/symptoms related to the infection and without improvement, despite appropriate antibiotics or other treatment) * Pregnant or lactating patients * Any significant concurrent disease, illness, or psychiatric disorder that would compromise patient safety or compliance, interfere with consent, study participation, follow up, or interpretation of study results * Any concurrent malignancy * Exceptions * Patients with treated non-melanoma skin cancer, in situ carcinoma, or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, regardless of the disease-free duration, are eligible for this study if definitive treatment for the condition has been completed * Patients with organ-confined prostate cancer with no evidence of recurrent or progressive disease based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values are also eligible for this study if hormonal therapy has been initiated or a radical prostatectomy has been performed
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With a Complete Response (CR) | At cycle 3 and cycle 6, cycles are up every 4 to 8 weeks. Up to 9 years, 8 months and 15 days. | Complete Response is Normalization of the peripheral blood and bone marrow with \</= 5% bone marrow blasts, a peripheral blood granulocyte count \>/= 1.0 x 10\^9/L, and a platelet count \>/= 100 x 10\^9/L. Hemoglobin \>/= 11 g/dL at any point while on treatment after the first cycle of therapy. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Survival | Up to 9 years, 8 months and 15 days | Time from date of treatment start until date of death due to any cause or last Follow-up. |
| Time to Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Transformation | Up to 9 years, 8 months and 15 days | — |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Treatment (Guadecitabine) Patients receive guadecitabine SC on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 4-8 weeks for up to 24 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients with stable disease after 3 courses are taken off therapy after 6 courses. Patients may continue to receive treatment after 24 courses if the investigator determines it is in the patient's best interest.
Guadecitabine: Given SC | 100 |
| Total | 100 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Treatment (Guadecitabine) |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 66 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 34 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 69 years |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 10 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 87 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 100 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 38 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 62 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 14 / 100 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 93 / 100 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 76 / 100 |
Outcome results
Primary
Number of Participants With a Complete Response (CR)
Complete Response is Normalization of the peripheral blood and bone marrow with \</= 5% bone marrow blasts, a peripheral blood granulocyte count \>/= 1.0 x 10\^9/L, and a platelet count \>/= 100 x 10\^9/L. Hemoglobin \>/= 11 g/dL at any point while on treatment after the first cycle of therapy.
Time frame: At cycle 3 and cycle 6, cycles are up every 4 to 8 weeks. Up to 9 years, 8 months and 15 days.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment (Guadecitabine) | Number of Participants With a Complete Response (CR) | 25 Participants |
Secondary
Overall Survival
Time from date of treatment start until date of death due to any cause or last Follow-up.
Time frame: Up to 9 years, 8 months and 15 days
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment (Guadecitabine) | Overall Survival | 16.9 Months |
Secondary
Time to Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Transformation
Time frame: Up to 9 years, 8 months and 15 days
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment (Guadecitabine) | Time to Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Transformation | 27.3 Months |