Major Depression, Anxiety Disorder
Conditions
Keywords
Rumination, Working memory, Depression, Anxiety, Working memory training, Overgeneral memories
Brief summary
Dysfunctioning executive functioning, including working memory (WM), is related to rumination. Findings show that working memory capacity (WMC) can be increased by training. The current study explored by means of a double-blind randomized controlled trial whether an adaptive WM training could reduce rumination, anxiety and depression in a sample of 98 depressed and anxious individuals.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALWorking memory training
BEHAVIORALPlacebo training
Sponsors
Erasmus Medical Center
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 67 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Major depression diagnosis * Anxiety diagnosis
Exclusion criteria
* Current psychosis * Substance abuse
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) score from pre to post training and after two months (follow up 2) | Pre training (baseline), post training (4 weeks after baseline, training starts 1 day after baseline) and follow-up (2 months after post-test) | Dutch version; Raes, Hermans, & Eelen, 2003) measures the frequency of self-reported rumination behavior, with answer options ranging from 1 (never) to 4 (always). The total score of the 22 items was used in the analyses. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition (BDI-II) score from pre to post training and after two months (follow up 2) | Pre training (baseline), post training (4 weeks after baseline, training starts 1 day after baseline) and follow-up (2 months after post-test) | The Beck Depression Inventory - II (BDI-II; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996; Dutch version: Van der Does, 2002) measures the severity of depression symptoms of the last two weeks. |
| Change in State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) score from pre to post training and after two months (follow up 2) | Pre training (baseline), post training (4 weeks after baseline, training starts 1 day after baseline) and follow-up (2 months after post-test) | The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, 1983, Dutch version; Van der Ploeg, Defares, & Spielberger, 1979) measures self-reported anxiety, divided in state anxiety and trait anxiety. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The change in Internal Shift Task (IST) score from pre to post training and to follow up (two months after post) | Pre training (baseline), post training (4 weeks after baseline, training starts 1 day after baseline) and follow-up (2 months after post-test) | The Internal Shift Task (IST; De Lissnyder et al., 2012) measures the ability to shift attention between items stored in WM. |
| The change in Digit Span score from pre to post training and to follow up (two months after post) | Pre training (baseline), post training (4 weeks after baseline, training starts 1 day after baseline) and follow-up (2 months after post-test) | The Digit Span (Lumley & Calhoun, 1934), which consist of two parts: the forward and backward span, with 14 trials each. The forward Digit Span is a frequently used measure for short term memory, an important subcomponent of the memory system (Shipstead et al., 2012) and the backward version measures WM. |
| The change in Reading Span partial-credit unit score from pre to post training and to follow up (two months after post) | Pre training (baseline), post training (4 weeks after baseline, training starts 1 day after baseline) and follow-up (2 months after post-test) | The Reading Span (Daneman & Carpenter, 1980), the third WMC assessment, measures the processing and storage functions of the WM (Shipstead et al., 2012). |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed