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Antiemetic Therapy With or Without Olanzapine in Preventing Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Patients With Cancer Receiving Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy

Olanzapine for the Prevention of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) in Patients Receiving Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy (HEC): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Status
Completed
Phases
Phase 3
Study type
Interventional
Source
ClinicalTrials.gov
Registry ID
NCT02116530
Enrollment
401
Registered
2014-04-17
Start date
2014-08-20
Completion date
2017-06-15
Last updated
2025-01-28

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Hematopoietic/Lymphoid Cancer, Nausea and Vomiting, Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific

Brief summary

This randomized phase III trial studies antiemetic therapy with olanzapine to see how well they work compared to antiemetic therapy alone in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients with cancer receiving highly emetogenic (causes vomiting) chemotherapy. Antiemetic drugs, such as palonosetron hydrochloride, ondansetron, and granisetron hydrochloride, may help lessen or prevent nausea and vomiting in patients treated with chemotherapy. Olanzapine may help prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting by blocking brain receptors that appear to be involved in nausea and vomiting.

Detailed description

Patients with cancer may receive chemotherapy that may cause nausea and vomiting. The purpose of this study is to determine if the use of olanzapine in combination with antiemetic therapy can significantly reduce nausea and vomiting in a large number of patients receiving chemotherapy. Patients are randomized to one of two treatment arms. Please see the Arms and Intervention sections for more detailed information. The primary objective is to compare the number of patients with no nausea for the acute (0-24 hours post-chemotherapy), delayed (24-120 hours post-chemotherapy) and overall periods (0-120 hours post-chemotherapy) for patients receiving HEC. The secondary objectives are: 1. To compare the complete response (CR) (no emetic episodes and no use of rescue medication) in the acute, delayed and overall periods 2. To compare the incidences of potential toxicities ascribed to olanzapine Protocol treatment is to begin ≤ 14 days of registration. Patients will receive treatment on Days 1-4. Patients will be permitted to take rescue therapy of the treating investigator's choice for nausea and/or emesis/retching, based on clinical circumstances. After completing treatment, patients will be monitored for side effects.

Interventions

DRUGOlanzapine

oral

DRUGChemotherapy (cisplatin or cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin)

oral or IV

DRUGAntiemetic treatment (ondansetron or granisetron or palonosetron; plus dexamethasone; plus fosaprepitant or aprepitant)

oral or IV

OTHERPlacebo

oral

Sponsors

National Cancer Institute (NCI)
CollaboratorNIH
Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology
Lead SponsorOTHER

Study design

Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)

Eligibility

Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

* Diagnosis of malignant disease * No prior chemotherapy and scheduled to receive HEC (either cisplatin-containing regimen or anthracycline + cyclophosphamide \[AC\]) * Cisplatin at a dose of ≥70mg/m\^2, with or without other chemotherapy agent(s) OR * Anthracycline (60 mg/m\^2) plus cyclophosphamide(600 mg/m\^2) * Age ≥18 years * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status 0, 1 or 2 * Required Initial Laboratory Values ≤ 120 days prior to registration * Serum Creatinine ≤2.0 mg/dL * Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) or Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGPT) ≤3 x Upper Limit of Normal (ULN) * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1500/mm\^3 * No nausea or vomiting ≤ 24 hours prior to registration * Negative pregnancy test (serum or urine) done ≤7 days prior to registration, for women of childbearing potential only (per clinician discretion) * No severe cognitive compromise * No known history of CNS disease (e.g. brain metastases, seizure disorder) * No treatment with another antipsychotic agent such as risperidone, quetiapine, clozapine, phenothiazine or butyrophenone ≤30 days prior to registration or planned during protocol therapy * No chronic phenothiazine administration as an antipsychotic agent (patients may receive prochlorperazine and other phenothiazines as rescue anti-emetic therapy) * No concurrent use of amifostine * No concurrent abdominal radiotherapy * No concurrent use of quinolone antibiotic therapy * No chronic alcoholism (as determined by the investigator) * No known hypersensitivity to olanzapine * No known cardiac arrhythmia, uncontrolled congestive heart failure or acute myocardial infarction within the previous six months. * No history of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (e.g. on insulin or an oral hypoglycemic agent)

Design outcomes

Primary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Proportion of Patients With no Nausea0 to 120 hours after chemotherapyNo nausea was defined as a response of 0 in the nausea item of Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire in the acute (0-24 hours), delayed (25-120 hours) and overall (0-120 hours) periods after chemotherapy.

Secondary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Median Nausea ScoresBaseline and Day 2 to Day 6 after chemotherapyNausea scores was measured using a visual-analogue scale ranging from 0 (none) to 10 (as bad as it can be).
Proportion of Patients With Complete Response0 to 120 hours after chemotherapyComplete response was defined as no emetic episodes and no use of rescue medication during the acute (0-24 hours), delayed (25-120 hours) and overall (0-120 hours) periods as measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire.
Mean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/QuestionnaireBaseline and day 2 to 6 days after chemotherapyPatients were asked to record daily levels of undesired sedation and appetite increase using a visual-analogue scale ranging from 0 (none) to 10 (as bad as it can be).
Frequency of Rescue MedicationDay 2 to Day 6 after chemotherapyPatients were asked to record daily number of extra nausea/vomiting pills taken because they developed nausea/vomiting in the following categories: None, One, Two, More than two in Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary Questionnaire.

Countries

United States

Participant flow

Recruitment details

Four-hundred and one (401) participants were enrolled from 46 academic or community practice institutions in the United States between August 2014 and March 2015.

Pre-assignment details

There were eighteen participants withdrew consent (8 Olanzapine; 10 Placebo); and three participants had major violations (2 Olanzapine; 1 Placebo). All of these 21 participants were excluded from all analyses.

Participants by arm

ArmCount
Olanzapine
Patients receive the chemotherapy drugs cisplatin or cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin as well as the following anti-nausea/vomiting drugs: * Ondansetron (8 mg orally or intravenously) or granisetron (1 mg intravenously or 2 mg orally) or palonosetron (0.25 mg intravenously) on the day of chemotherapy, plus * Dexamethasone (12 mg orally on the day of chemotherapy and 8 mg orally days 2, 3, 4 post chemotherapy), plus * Fosaprepitant (150 mg intravenously on the day of chemotherapy) or aprepitant (125 mg orally on the day of chemotherapy and 80 mg orally on days 2 and 3 post chemotherapy), plus * olanzapine (10 mg orally on the day of chemotherapy and 10 mg orally on days 2, 3, 4 post chemotherapy)
192
Placebo
Patients receive the chemotherapy drugs cisplatin or cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin as well as usual anti-nausea/vomiting drugs: * Ondansetron (8 mg orally or intravenously) or granisetron (1 mg intravenously or 2 mg orally) or palonosetron (0.25 mg intravenously) on the day of chemotherapy, plus * Dexamethasone (12 mg orally on the day of chemotherapy and 8 mg orally days 2, 3, 4 post chemotherapy), plus * Fosaprepitant (150 mg intravenously on the day of chemotherapy) or aprepitant (125 mg orally on the day of chemotherapy and 80 mg orally on days 2 and 3 post chemotherapy), plus * placebo
188
Total380

Withdrawals & dropouts

PeriodReasonFG000FG001
Overall StudyAdverse Event40
Overall StudyLost to Follow-up10
Overall StudyOther Medical Problems22
Overall StudyPhysician Decision10
Overall StudyWithdrawal by Subject12

Baseline characteristics

CharacteristicTotalOlanzapinePlacebo
5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist
Granisetron
2 Participants1 Participants1 Participants
5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist
Ondansetron
90 Participants46 Participants44 Participants
5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist
Palonosetron
288 Participants145 Participants143 Participants
Age, Continuous57 years58 years56 years
Chemotherapy regimen
Anthracyline and cyclophosphamide
244 Participants121 Participants123 Participants
Chemotherapy regimen
Cisplatin-containing regimen
136 Participants71 Participants65 Participants
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status
0=Asymptomatic and fully active
293 Participants149 Participants144 Participants
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status
1=Symptomatic and fully ambulatory
81 Participants40 Participants41 Participants
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status
2=Symptomatic, <50% in bed during the day
5 Participants2 Participants3 Participants
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status
Not assessed
1 Participants1 Participants0 Participants
Primary site of disease
Breast
242 Participants120 Participants122 Participants
Primary site of disease
Lung
49 Participants27 Participants22 Participants
Primary site of disease
Other
89 Participants45 Participants44 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
4 Participants3 Participants1 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
9 Participants5 Participants4 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
18 Participants9 Participants9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
6 Participants3 Participants3 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
343 Participants172 Participants171 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
380 participants192 participants188 participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
275 Participants139 Participants136 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
105 Participants53 Participants52 Participants

Adverse events

Event typeEG000
affected / at risk
EG001
affected / at risk
deaths
Total, all-cause mortality
— / —— / —
other
Total, other adverse events
44 / 18836 / 185
serious
Total, serious adverse events
3 / 1880 / 185

Outcome results

Primary

Proportion of Patients With no Nausea

No nausea was defined as a response of 0 in the nausea item of Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire in the acute (0-24 hours), delayed (25-120 hours) and overall (0-120 hours) periods after chemotherapy.

Time frame: 0 to 120 hours after chemotherapy

Population: All participants who met eligibility criteria, did not cancel prior to receiving treatment, had no major violations and had Nausea data.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (NUMBER)
OlanzapineProportion of Patients With no Nausea0-24 hours after chemotherapy73.8 percentage of participants
OlanzapineProportion of Patients With no Nausea25-120 hours after chemotherapy42.4 percentage of participants
OlanzapineProportion of Patients With no Nausea0-120 hours after chemotherapy37.3 percentage of participants
PlaceboProportion of Patients With no Nausea0-24 hours after chemotherapy45.3 percentage of participants
PlaceboProportion of Patients With no Nausea25-120 hours after chemotherapy25.4 percentage of participants
PlaceboProportion of Patients With no Nausea0-120 hours after chemotherapy21.9 percentage of participants
Secondary

Frequency of Rescue Medication

Patients were asked to record daily number of extra nausea/vomiting pills taken because they developed nausea/vomiting in the following categories: None, One, Two, More than two in Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary Questionnaire.

Time frame: Day 2 to Day 6 after chemotherapy

Population: All participants who met eligibility criteria, did not cancel prior to receiving treatment, had no major violations and had rescue medication data at each time point.

ArmMeasureGroupCategoryValue (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS)
OlanzapineFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 2Twice3 Participants
OlanzapineFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 4Twice10 Participants
OlanzapineFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 3Once11 Participants
OlanzapineFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 4More than twice3 Participants
OlanzapineFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 2Once21 Participants
OlanzapineFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 5None145 Participants
OlanzapineFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 3Twice7 Participants
OlanzapineFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 5Once19 Participants
OlanzapineFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 2More than twice2 Participants
OlanzapineFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 5Twice5 Participants
OlanzapineFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 3More than twice4 Participants
OlanzapineFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 5More than twice4 Participants
OlanzapineFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 2None156 Participants
OlanzapineFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 6None143 Participants
OlanzapineFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 4None141 Participants
OlanzapineFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 6Once12 Participants
OlanzapineFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 3None158 Participants
OlanzapineFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 4Once16 Participants
OlanzapineFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 6More than twice4 Participants
OlanzapineFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 6Twice12 Participants
PlaceboFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 6More than twice14 Participants
PlaceboFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 2None117 Participants
PlaceboFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 2Once35 Participants
PlaceboFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 2Twice19 Participants
PlaceboFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 2More than twice10 Participants
PlaceboFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 3None124 Participants
PlaceboFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 3Once24 Participants
PlaceboFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 3Twice20 Participants
PlaceboFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 3More than twice10 Participants
PlaceboFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 4None124 Participants
PlaceboFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 4Once24 Participants
PlaceboFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 4Twice17 Participants
PlaceboFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 4More than twice11 Participants
PlaceboFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 5None131 Participants
PlaceboFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 5Once23 Participants
PlaceboFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 5Twice7 Participants
PlaceboFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 5More than twice10 Participants
PlaceboFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 6None130 Participants
PlaceboFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 6Once16 Participants
PlaceboFrequency of Rescue MedicationDay 6Twice11 Participants
Secondary

Mean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire

Patients were asked to record daily levels of undesired sedation and appetite increase using a visual-analogue scale ranging from 0 (none) to 10 (as bad as it can be).

Time frame: Baseline and day 2 to 6 days after chemotherapy

Population: All participants who met eligibility criteria, did not cancel prior to receiving treatment, had no major violations and had toxicities data at each time point.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (MEAN)Dispersion
OlanzapineMean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/QuestionnaireBaseline Undesired Sedation0.4 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 1.2
OlanzapineMean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/QuestionnaireDay 2 Undesired Sedation2.3 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 3.2
OlanzapineMean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/QuestionnaireDay 3 Undesired Sedation1.6 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 2.5
OlanzapineMean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/QuestionnaireDay 4 Undesired Sedation1.5 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 2.3
OlanzapineMean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/QuestionnaireDay 5 Undesired Sedation1.2 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 2.1
OlanzapineMean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/QuestionnaireDay 6 Undesired Sedation0.9 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 1.8
OlanzapineMean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/QuestionnaireBaseline Appetite Increase0.6 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 1.7
OlanzapineMean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/QuestionnaireDay 2 Appetite Increase0.7 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 1.6
OlanzapineMean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/QuestionnaireDay 3 Appetite Increase0.7 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 1.5
OlanzapineMean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/QuestionnaireDay 4 Appetite Increase1.0 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 1.8
OlanzapineMean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/QuestionnaireDay 5 Appetite Increase1.0 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 1.8
OlanzapineMean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/QuestionnaireDay 6 Appetite Increase1.1 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 2
PlaceboMean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/QuestionnaireDay 5 Appetite Increase0.7 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 1.7
PlaceboMean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/QuestionnaireBaseline Undesired Sedation0.5 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 1.5
PlaceboMean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/QuestionnaireBaseline Appetite Increase0.3 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 0.9
PlaceboMean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/QuestionnaireDay 2 Undesired Sedation1.2 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 2.2
PlaceboMean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/QuestionnaireDay 4 Appetite Increase0.7 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 1.7
PlaceboMean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/QuestionnaireDay 3 Undesired Sedation1.4 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 2.3
PlaceboMean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/QuestionnaireDay 2 Appetite Increase0.5 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 1.5
PlaceboMean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/QuestionnaireDay 4 Undesired Sedation1.4 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 2.3
PlaceboMean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/QuestionnaireDay 6 Appetite Increase0.7 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 1.7
PlaceboMean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/QuestionnaireDay 5 Undesired Sedation1.2 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 2.1
PlaceboMean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/QuestionnaireDay 3 Appetite Increase0.6 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 1.7
PlaceboMean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/QuestionnaireDay 6 Undesired Sedation1.3 units on a scaleStandard Deviation 2.2
Secondary

Median Nausea Scores

Nausea scores was measured using a visual-analogue scale ranging from 0 (none) to 10 (as bad as it can be).

Time frame: Baseline and Day 2 to Day 6 after chemotherapy

Population: All participants who met eligibility criteria, did not cancel prior to receiving treatment, had no major violations and had Nausea data at each time point.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (MEDIAN)
OlanzapineMedian Nausea ScoresBaseline0 units on a scale
OlanzapineMedian Nausea ScoresDay 20 units on a scale
OlanzapineMedian Nausea ScoresDay 30 units on a scale
OlanzapineMedian Nausea ScoresDay 40 units on a scale
OlanzapineMedian Nausea ScoresDay 50 units on a scale
OlanzapineMedian Nausea ScoresDay 60 units on a scale
PlaceboMedian Nausea ScoresDay 51 units on a scale
PlaceboMedian Nausea ScoresBaseline0 units on a scale
PlaceboMedian Nausea ScoresDay 41 units on a scale
PlaceboMedian Nausea ScoresDay 21 units on a scale
PlaceboMedian Nausea ScoresDay 61 units on a scale
PlaceboMedian Nausea ScoresDay 31 units on a scale
Secondary

Proportion of Patients With Complete Response

Complete response was defined as no emetic episodes and no use of rescue medication during the acute (0-24 hours), delayed (25-120 hours) and overall (0-120 hours) periods as measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire.

Time frame: 0 to 120 hours after chemotherapy

Population: All participants who met eligibility criteria, did not cancel prior to receiving treatment, had no major violations and had data on emetic and use of rescue medication questions.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (NUMBER)
OlanzapineProportion of Patients With Complete Response0-24 hours after chemotherapy85.7 percentage of participants
OlanzapineProportion of Patients With Complete Response25-120 hours after chemotherapy66.9 percentage of participants
OlanzapineProportion of Patients With Complete Response0-120 hours after chemotherapy63.6 percentage of participants
PlaceboProportion of Patients With Complete Response0-24 hours after chemotherapy64.6 percentage of participants
PlaceboProportion of Patients With Complete Response25-120 hours after chemotherapy52.4 percentage of participants
PlaceboProportion of Patients With Complete Response0-120 hours after chemotherapy40.6 percentage of participants

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Mar 4, 2026