Obesity, Abdominal
Conditions
Keywords
Abdominal fat, Metabolic syndrome, Microcurrent, Aerobic exercise, Lipolysis
Brief summary
The purpose of this study was to analyze microcurrent short term effects used with aerobic exercise on abdominal fat.
Detailed description
Nutritional patterns have been changed during twenty-first century with sugar and fat's high proportions that allied to sedentary lifestyle increased body fat. There is already a well establish relationship between total body fat excess, cardiometabolic diseases and increased mortality, knowing that abdominal fat (android pattern), different from body index, presents an additional influence to health risks. Women with their abdominal adipocytes (visceral fat) show an increased lipolytic activity that releases free fat acids to the systemic and portal circulation leading to a metabolic syndrome, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Aerobic exercise is a way to decrease fat as it stimulates lipolysis through an increase in catecholamine's level resulting from a sympathetic system nervous activity raise. The most used exercise for lipid elimination is the prolonged aerobic moderate exercise with a minimum of 30 minutes. Nevertheless aerobic exercise practice reduce globally lipidic sources and not locally . Electrolipolysis using microcurrent has been used in clinical practice as a technique to reduce abdominal fat. This technique can be applied transcutaneously or percutaneously seeming that the former is not so effective as skin can be an obstacle to the current effect on visceral and subcutaneous fat . Abdominal fat excess is associated with cardiometabolic diseases and can be prevented using microcurrent and aerobic exercise to stimulate lipolysis.
Interventions
DEVICETranscutaneous microcurrent
Microcurrent in the abdominal region with four transcutaneous electrodes in a parallel position, intensity below the sensitivity threshold and a maximum of 1 mA. Every 15 minutes changed from 25 Hz to 10 Hz.
DEVICEAerobic exercise
50 minutes of aerobic moderate-intensity exercise (45-55% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max)) using Karvonen´s formula, performed on a cycloergometer. Were used Borg scale (12-13), Polar® heart monitors to control heart rate and K4b2 to analyze the quantity of oxygen (O2) consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) produced during exercise.
Sponsors
Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 30 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* age between 18 and 30 years.
Exclusion criteria
* submitted to other fat reduce procedure, to show cardiovascular risk factors or diseases and/or any physical condition limiting aerobic exercise. To present any contraindications to microcurrent and/or aerobic exercise, to take medication that influence lipid metabolism, and to be pregnant.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in proportion of energy source | Immediately before (for 3 minutes) and during exercise (duration of exercise - 50 minutes) | K4b2 (COSMED ®) was used for analysis of cardiopulmonary gas exchange in real time. |
| Change in catecholamines and glycerol concentrations | 10 minutes before the interventions, after interventions (duration of interventions - 90 minutes) and after 24 hours | Blood analysis collection was carried out with help from an clinical analysis technician. The volunteers were not fasting. |
| Change in electromyographic activity | 5 minutes before and after microcurrent | Recording the surface electrical activity produced by rectus abdominis and external oblique in front bridge and side bridge exercise, respectively. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose concentrations | 10 minutes before the interventions, after interventions (duration of interventions - 90 minutes) | Blood analysis collection was carried out with help from an clinical analysis technician. The volunteers were not fasting. |
| Perimeters measurements | 20 minutes before the interventions | The perimeters measurements were done, at the end of expiration, at waist level (below last rib), at navel level, at the point immediately above the iliac crests and at trochanters level. The waist-hip ratio was calculated using the waist level perimeter. divided by trochanters level perimeter. |
| Subcutaneous abdominal fat and visceral abdominal fat | 20 minutes before the interventions | Ultrasound was performed at the end of expiration to measure subcutaneous abdominal fat between xiphoid apophysis and navel, below navel, and above left and right anterior superior iliac spine. Between xiphoid apophysis and navel was also measured visceral abdominal fat. Abdominal fat analyzed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). |
| Suprailiac, vertical and horizontal abdominal skinfolds | 20 minutes before the interventions | Suprailiac, vertical and horizontal abdominal skinfolds were performed two times in right hemi body, by caliper. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| International Physical Activity Questionnaire | 30 minutes before the interventions | Used to evaluate the level of physical activity of the volunteers |
| Bioimpedance values | 30 minutes before the interventions | The height was measured with the volunteers on respiratory apnea. To minimize the influence of electrolyte balance changes in bioimpedance assessment, was given some rules to volunteers. It was calculated BMI using the body weight divided by height squared |
| Food Frequency Questionnaire | 30 minutes before the interventions | Used to evaluate the lifestyle of the volunteers |
Countries
Portugal
Outcome results
None listed