Breast Neoplasms
Conditions
Keywords
MONARCH 2
Brief summary
The main purpose of this study is to compare progression-free survival for women with hormone receptor positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) negative advanced breast cancer receiving either abemaciclib + fulvestrant or fulvestrant alone. Participants will be randomized to abemaciclib or placebo in a 2:1 ratio. The study will last about 9 months for each participant. For the endocrine naïve cohort, all participants will received abemaciclib + fulvestrant.
Interventions
DRUGAbemaciclib
Administered Orally
DRUGFulvestrant
Administered IM
DRUGPlacebo
Administered Orally
Sponsors
Eli Lilly and Company
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Have a diagnosis of HR+, HER2- breast cancer * Have locally advanced disease not amenable to curative treatment by surgery or metastatic disease. In addition, participants must fulfill 1 of the following criteria: * relapsed with radiologic evidence of progression while receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant endocrine therapy, with no subsequent endocrine therapy received following progression * relapsed with radiologic evidence of progression within 1 year from completion of adjuvant endocrine therapy, with no subsequent endocrine therapy received following progression * relapsed with radiologic evidence of progression more than 1 year from completion of adjuvant endocrine therapy and then subsequently relapsed with radiologic evidence of progression after receiving treatment with either an antiestrogen or an aromatase inhibitor as first-line endocrine therapy for metastatic disease. Participants may not have received more than 1 line of endocrine therapy or any prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease * presented de novo with metastatic disease and then relapsed with radiologic evidence of progression after receiving treatment with either an antiestrogen or an aromatase inhibitor as first line endocrine therapy for metastatic disease. Participants may not have received more than 1 line of endocrine therapy or any prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease * for the endocrine naïve cohort: Must not have received prior endocrine therapy in current or prior disease setting * Have postmenopausal status due to either surgical/natural menopause or ovarian suppression (initiated at least 28 days prior to Day 1 of Cycle 1) with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist such as goserelin * Have a negative serum pregnancy test at baseline (within 14 days prior to randomization) and agree to use medically approved precautions to prevent pregnancy during the study and for 12 weeks following the last dose of abemaciclib if postmenopausal status is due to ovarian suppression with a GnRH agonist * Have either measurable disease or nonmeasurable bone only disease * Have a performance status ≤1 on the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scale * Have discontinued previous therapies for cancer (including specifically, aromatase inhibitors, anti-estrogens, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy) for at least 21 days for myelosuppressive agents or 14 days for nonmyelosuppressive agents prior to receiving study drug, and recovered from the acute effects of therapy (until the toxicity resolves to either baseline or at least Grade 1) except for residual alopecia or peripheral neuropathy
Exclusion criteria
* Are currently receiving an investigational drug in a clinical trial or participating in any other type of medical research judged not to be scientifically or medically compatible with this study * Have visceral crisis, lymphangitic spread, or leptomeningeal carcinomatosis visceral crisis is not the mere presence of visceral metastases but implies severe organ dysfunction as assessed by symptoms and signs, laboratory studies, and rapid progression of the disease * Have clinical evidence or history of central nervous system metastasis * Have received prior treatment with chemotherapy (except for neoadjuvant/ adjuvant chemotherapy), fulvestrant, everolimus, or any CDK4/6 inhibitor. For the endocrine naïve cohort: In addition, have received treatment with any prior endocrine therapy * Have received treatment with a drug that has not received regulatory approval for any indication within 14 or 21 days prior to randomization of study drug for a nonmyelosuppressive or myelosuppressive agent, respectively * Have received recent (within 28 days prior to randomization) yellow fever vaccination * Have had major surgery within 14 days prior to randomization of study drug to allow for post-operative healing of the surgical wound and site(s) * Have a personal history within the last 12 months of any of the following conditions: syncope of cardiovascular etiology, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or sudden cardiac arrest * Have inflammatory breast cancer or a history of any other cancer (except nonmelanoma skin cancer or carcinoma in-situ of the cervix), unless in complete remission with no therapy for a minimum of 3 years * Have received an autologous or allogeneic stem-cell transplant * Have active bacterial or fungal infection, or detectable viral infection * Have initiated bisphosphonates or approved Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) ligand targeted agents \<7 days prior to randomization
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Progression-Free Survival (PFS) | From Date of Randomization until Disease Progression or Death Due to Any Cause (Up To 31 Months) | PFS defined as the time from the date of randomization to the first evidence of disease progression as defined by response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) v1.1 or death from any cause. Progressive Disease (PD) was at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, with reference being the smallest sum on study and an absolute increase of at least 5 mm, or unequivocal progression of non-target lesions, or 1 or more new lesions. If a participant does not have a complete baseline disease assessment, then the PFS time was censored at the date of randomization, regardless of whether or not objectively determined disease progression or death has been observed for the participant. If a participant was not known to have died or have objective progression as of the data inclusion cutoff date for the analysis, the PFS time was censored at the last adequate tumor assessment date. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of Participants Achieving Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) (Objective Response Rate [ORR]) | From Date of First Dose until Disease Progression or Death Due to Any Cause (Up To 31 Months) | ORR was the percentage of participants achieving a best overall response (BOR) of complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) as per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1. CR defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and no appearance of new lesions. PR defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameters (LD) of target lesions (taking as reference the baseline sum LD), no progression of non-target lesions, and no appearance of new lesions. PD was at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, with reference being the smallest sum on study and an absolute increase of at least 5 mm, or unequivocal progression of non-target lesions, or 1 or more new lesions. |
| Duration of Response (DOR) | From Date of CR, PR until Disease Progression or Death Due to Any Cause (Up To 31 Months) | DOR was the time from the date of first evidence of complete response or partial response to the date of objective progression or the date of death due to any cause, whichever is earlier. CR and PR were defined using the RECIST v1.1. CR defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and no appearance of new lesions. PR defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the LD of target lesions (taking as reference the baseline sum LD), no progression of non-target lesions, and no appearance of new lesions. If a responder was not known to have died or have objective progression as of the data inclusion cutoff date, duration of response was censored at the last adequate tumor assessment date. PD was at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, with reference being the smallest sum on study and an absolute increase of at least 5 mm, or unequivocal progression of non-target lesions, or 1 or more new lesions. |
| Change From Baseline in Pain and Symptom Burden Assessment Using the Modified Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (mBPI-sf) | Baseline, End of Study (Up To 31 Months) | A self-reported scale that measures the severity of pain based on the average pain experienced over the past 24 hours. The severity scores range from 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain as severe as you can imagine). The overall change is based on the estimated main treatment effect. Least square (LS) Mean value was controlled for Treatment, visit, Treatment\*Visit and baseline. |
| Percentage of Participants Achieving CR, PR or Stable Disease (SD) (Disease Control Rate [DCR]) | From Date of First Dose until Disease Progression or Death Due to Any Cause (Up To 31 Months) | Disease Control Rate (DCR) was the percentage of participants with a best overall response of CR, PR, or Stable Disease (SD) as per Response using RECIST v1.1 criteria. CR defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and no appearance of new lesions. PR defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the LD of target lesions (taking as reference the baseline sum LD), no progression of non-target lesions, and no appearance of new lesions. SD was neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD for target lesions, no progression of non-target lesions, and no appearance of new lesions. PD was at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, with reference being the smallest sum on study and an absolute increase of at least 5 mm, or unequivocal progression of non-target lesions, or 1 or more new lesions. |
| Overall Survival (OS) | From Date of Randomization until Death Due to Any Cause (Up To 72 Months) | OS defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of death due to any cause. For each participant who is not known to have died as of the data-inclusion cutoff date for overall survival analysis, OS time was censored on the last date the participant is known to be alive. The final analysis of the OS outcome was conducted after 440 OS events had been observed. |
| Pharmacokinetics (PK): Area Under the Concentration Curve (AUC) of Abemaciclib, Its Metabolites M2 and M20 | Cycle 1 Day 1 2-4 hours (h) post dose, Cycle 1 Day 15 4 and 7h post dose, Cycle 2 Day 1 pre dose and 3h post dose, Cycle 3 Day1 pre dose | Area Under the Plasma Concentration versus Time Curve from Time Zero to Infinity (AUC\[0-∞\]) was evaluated for Abemaciclib and Metabolites M2 and M20. |
| Change From Baseline in Health Status Using the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5 Level (EQ-5D 5L) | Baseline, End of Study (Up To 31 Months) | European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions-5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) is a standardized measure of health status of the participant. The EQ-5D-5L is assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) that ranged from 0 to 100mm, where 0 is the worst health you can imagine and 100 is the best health you can imagine. A higher score indicates better health state. LS Mean value was controlled for Treatment, visit, Treatment\*Visit and baseline. |
| Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Baseline, Short Term Follow Up (Up To 31 Months) | EORTC QLQ-C30 v3.0 was a self-administered questionnaire with multidimensional scales that measures 5 functional domains (physical, role, cognitive, emotional, and social), global health status, and symptom scales of fatigue, pain, nausea and vomiting, dyspnea, loss of appetite, insomnia, constipation and diarrhea, and financial difficulties. A linear transformation is applied to standardize the raw scores to range between 0 and 100 per developer guidelines. For functional domains and global health status, scores range from 0 to 110 with higher scores representing a better level of functioning. For symptoms scales, scores range from 0 to 100 with higher scores representing a greater degree of symptoms. LS Mean value of changing from baseline to short follow up was estimated from the mixed model that was controlled for Treatment, visit, Treatment\*Visit and baseline. |
| Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the EORTC QLQ-BR23 (Breast) Questionnaire | Baseline, Short Term Follow Up (Up To 31 Months) | EORTC-QLQ-BR23 measured multi-item functional scales for body image, sexual functioning and future perspective and measured single item symptoms scales which assessed systemic therapy side effects, breast symptoms and arm symptoms. For functional scales, scores ranged from 0 to 100 where higher scores represented a better level of functioning. For symptoms scales, scores ranged from 0 to 100 where higher scores represented a greater degree of symptoms. LS Mean value of changing from baseline to short follow up was estimated from the mixed model that was controlled for Treatment, visit, Treatment\*Visit and baseline. |
| Percentage of Participants With CR, PR or SD With a Duration of At Least 6 Months (Clinical Benefit Rate [CBR]) | From Date of First Dose until Disease Progression or Death Due to Any Cause (Up To 31 Months) | Clinical benefit rate defined as percentage of participants with best overall response of CR, PR, or SD with a duration of at least 6 months.CR defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and no appearance of new lesions.PR defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the LD of target lesions (taking as reference the baseline sum LD), no progression of non-target lesions, and no appearance of new lesions.SD was neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD for target lesions, no progression of non-target lesions, and no appearance of new lesions. Percentage of participants=(participants with CR+PR+SD with a duration of at least 6 months /number of participants enrolled) \*100.PD was at least a 20% increase in sum of the diameters of target lesions,with reference being the smallest sum on study and an absolute increase of at least 5 mm or unequivocal progression of non-target lesions,or 1 or more new lesions. |
Countries
Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Poland, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan, United States
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
With Overall Survival (OS) as a key outcome, participants who completed included those who died due to any cause and those who were off treatment, alive and in follow-up at the time of the final OS analysis.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant Abemaciclib 150 mg administered orally every 12 hours on Days 1 to 28 of a 28-day cycle in combination with fulvestrant 500mg administered intramuscularly (IM) on Days 1 and 15 of Cycle 1, then on Day 1 of Cycle 2 and beyond. Participants received treatment until discontinuation were met. | 446 |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant Placebo administered orally every 12 hours on Days 1 to 28 of a 28-day cycle in combination with fulvestrant 500mg administered IM on Days 1 and 15 of Cycle 1, then on Day 1 of Cycle 2 and beyond. Participants received treatment until discontinuation were met. | 223 |
| Total | 669 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 20 | 9 |
| Overall Study | On study treatment/follow up | 48 | 5 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 46 | 21 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Placebo + Fulvestrant | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 59.3 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.2 | 61.1 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.7 | 59.9 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.4 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 57 Participants | 25 Participants | 82 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 303 Participants | 162 Participants | 465 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 83 Participants | 36 Participants | 119 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 18 Participants | 8 Participants | 26 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 149 Participants | 65 Participants | 214 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 9 Participants | 5 Participants | 14 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 33 Participants | 9 Participants | 42 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 237 Participants | 136 Participants | 373 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment Europe | 179 Participants | 100 Participants | 279 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment Japan | 64 Participants | 31 Participants | 95 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment North America | 120 Participants | 58 Participants | 178 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment South Korea | 58 Participants | 20 Participants | 78 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment Taiwan | 25 Participants | 14 Participants | 39 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 446 Participants | 223 Participants | 669 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 283 / 446 | 157 / 223 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 432 / 441 | 194 / 223 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 129 / 441 | 33 / 223 |
Outcome results
Primary
Progression-Free Survival (PFS)
PFS defined as the time from the date of randomization to the first evidence of disease progression as defined by response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) v1.1 or death from any cause. Progressive Disease (PD) was at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, with reference being the smallest sum on study and an absolute increase of at least 5 mm, or unequivocal progression of non-target lesions, or 1 or more new lesions. If a participant does not have a complete baseline disease assessment, then the PFS time was censored at the date of randomization, regardless of whether or not objectively determined disease progression or death has been observed for the participant. If a participant was not known to have died or have objective progression as of the data inclusion cutoff date for the analysis, the PFS time was censored at the last adequate tumor assessment date.
Time frame: From Date of Randomization until Disease Progression or Death Due to Any Cause (Up To 31 Months)
Population: All randomized participants. Censored participants: Abemaciclib=224.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Progression-Free Survival (PFS) | 16.4 Months |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Progression-Free Survival (PFS) | 9.3 Months |
Comparison: The final analysis was planned at 378 PFS events, which would provide approximately 90% power assuming a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.703 at a one-sided α of 0.025.p-value: <1e-795% CI: [0.449, 0.681]Log Rank
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Health Status Using the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5 Level (EQ-5D 5L)
European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions-5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) is a standardized measure of health status of the participant. The EQ-5D-5L is assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) that ranged from 0 to 100mm, where 0 is the worst health you can imagine and 100 is the best health you can imagine. A higher score indicates better health state. LS Mean value was controlled for Treatment, visit, Treatment\*Visit and baseline.
Time frame: Baseline, End of Study (Up To 31 Months)
Population: All randomized participants who received at least one dose of study drug with baseline and post-baseline EQ-5D 5L data.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline in Health Status Using the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5 Level (EQ-5D 5L) | 0.12 mm | Standard Error 0.65 |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline in Health Status Using the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5 Level (EQ-5D 5L) | 1.16 mm | Standard Error 0.92 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Pain and Symptom Burden Assessment Using the Modified Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (mBPI-sf)
A self-reported scale that measures the severity of pain based on the average pain experienced over the past 24 hours. The severity scores range from 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain as severe as you can imagine). The overall change is based on the estimated main treatment effect. Least square (LS) Mean value was controlled for Treatment, visit, Treatment\*Visit and baseline.
Time frame: Baseline, End of Study (Up To 31 Months)
Population: All randomized participants who received at least one dose of study drug with a baseline and at least 1 post-baseline result.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline in Pain and Symptom Burden Assessment Using the Modified Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (mBPI-sf) | -0.06 score on a scale | Standard Error 0.07 |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline in Pain and Symptom Burden Assessment Using the Modified Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (mBPI-sf) | 0.00 score on a scale | Standard Error 0.1 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the EORTC QLQ-BR23 (Breast) Questionnaire
EORTC-QLQ-BR23 measured multi-item functional scales for body image, sexual functioning and future perspective and measured single item symptoms scales which assessed systemic therapy side effects, breast symptoms and arm symptoms. For functional scales, scores ranged from 0 to 100 where higher scores represented a better level of functioning. For symptoms scales, scores ranged from 0 to 100 where higher scores represented a greater degree of symptoms. LS Mean value of changing from baseline to short follow up was estimated from the mixed model that was controlled for Treatment, visit, Treatment\*Visit and baseline.
Time frame: Baseline, Short Term Follow Up (Up To 31 Months)
Population: All randomized participants who received at least one dose of study drug with baseline and post-baseline EORTC QLQ-BR23 data at short term follow up for each BR23 items.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the EORTC QLQ-BR23 (Breast) Questionnaire | Functional scale: Body image | -2.20 Units on a scale | Standard Error 1.46 |
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the EORTC QLQ-BR23 (Breast) Questionnaire | Functional scale:Sexual functioning | 0.41 Units on a scale | Standard Error 1 |
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the EORTC QLQ-BR23 (Breast) Questionnaire | Functional scale: Future perspective | 6.06 Units on a scale | Standard Error 2.06 |
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the EORTC QLQ-BR23 (Breast) Questionnaire | Symptom scale: Systemic therapy side effects | 7.23 Units on a scale | Standard Error 1 |
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the EORTC QLQ-BR23 (Breast) Questionnaire | Symptom scale: Breast symptoms | -2.10 Units on a scale | Standard Error 0.89 |
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the EORTC QLQ-BR23 (Breast) Questionnaire | Symptom scale: Arm symptoms | -0.45 Units on a scale | Standard Error 1.29 |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the EORTC QLQ-BR23 (Breast) Questionnaire | Functional scale: Future perspective | 10.05 Units on a scale | Standard Error 2.51 |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the EORTC QLQ-BR23 (Breast) Questionnaire | Functional scale:Sexual functioning | -1.60 Units on a scale | Standard Error 1.25 |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the EORTC QLQ-BR23 (Breast) Questionnaire | Symptom scale: Arm symptoms | 0.10 Units on a scale | Standard Error 1.59 |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the EORTC QLQ-BR23 (Breast) Questionnaire | Functional scale: Body image | -3.27 Units on a scale | Standard Error 1.83 |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the EORTC QLQ-BR23 (Breast) Questionnaire | Symptom scale: Breast symptoms | -0.96 Units on a scale | Standard Error 1.09 |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the EORTC QLQ-BR23 (Breast) Questionnaire | Symptom scale: Systemic therapy side effects | 6.98 Units on a scale | Standard Error 1.22 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30)
EORTC QLQ-C30 v3.0 was a self-administered questionnaire with multidimensional scales that measures 5 functional domains (physical, role, cognitive, emotional, and social), global health status, and symptom scales of fatigue, pain, nausea and vomiting, dyspnea, loss of appetite, insomnia, constipation and diarrhea, and financial difficulties. A linear transformation is applied to standardize the raw scores to range between 0 and 100 per developer guidelines. For functional domains and global health status, scores range from 0 to 110 with higher scores representing a better level of functioning. For symptoms scales, scores range from 0 to 100 with higher scores representing a greater degree of symptoms. LS Mean value of changing from baseline to short follow up was estimated from the mixed model that was controlled for Treatment, visit, Treatment\*Visit and baseline.
Time frame: Baseline, Short Term Follow Up (Up To 31 Months)
Population: All randomized participants who received at least one dose of study drug with baseline and post-baseline EORTC QLQ-C30 data at short term follow up for each EORTC QLQ-C30 items.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Functional scale: Emotional functioning | 2.38 units on a scale | Standard Error 1.38 |
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Global health status | -4.57 units on a scale | Standard Error 1.55 |
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Functional scale: Cognitive functioning | -3.16 units on a scale | Standard Error 1.29 |
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Functional scale: Social functioning | -4.62 units on a scale | Standard Error 1.61 |
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Symptom scale: Diarrhoea | 4.14 units on a scale | Standard Error 1.66 |
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Symptom scale: Fatigue | 5.01 units on a scale | Standard Error 1.45 |
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Functional scale: Physical functioning | -3.76 units on a scale | Standard Error 1.29 |
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Symptom scale: Nausea and vomiting | 2.81 units on a scale | Standard Error 1.35 |
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Functional scale: Role functioning | -4.87 units on a scale | Standard Error 1.73 |
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Symptom scale: Pain | -0.47 units on a scale | Standard Error 1.82 |
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Symptom scale: Insomnia | -0.04 units on a scale | Standard Error 1.86 |
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Symptom scale: Appetite loss | 2.06 units on a scale | Standard Error 1.85 |
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Symptom scale: Constipation | -0.15 units on a scale | Standard Error 1.59 |
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Symptom scale: Financial difficulties | 0.34 units on a scale | Standard Error 1.6 |
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Symptom scale: Dyspnoea | 5.21 units on a scale | Standard Error 1.7 |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Symptom scale: Financial difficulties | 2.85 units on a scale | Standard Error 1.96 |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Functional scale: Cognitive functioning | -2.96 units on a scale | Standard Error 1.58 |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Symptom scale: Pain | 4.38 units on a scale | Standard Error 2.21 |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Symptom scale: Dyspnoea | 5.39 units on a scale | Standard Error 2.1 |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Symptom scale: Insomnia | 3.76 units on a scale | Standard Error 2.27 |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Symptom scale: Appetite loss | 6.40 units on a scale | Standard Error 2.23 |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Symptom scale: Constipation | 3.79 units on a scale | Standard Error 1.92 |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Symptom scale: Diarrhoea | 2.67 units on a scale | Standard Error 1.99 |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Global health status | -8.15 units on a scale | Standard Error 1.87 |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Functional scale: Role functioning | -9.58 units on a scale | Standard Error 2.12 |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Functional scale: Emotional functioning | -2.44 units on a scale | Standard Error 1.7 |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Functional scale: Social functioning | -4.78 units on a scale | Standard Error 1.97 |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Symptom scale: Fatigue | 7.83 units on a scale | Standard Error 1.78 |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Symptom scale: Nausea and vomiting | 6.49 units on a scale | Standard Error 1.64 |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Change From Baseline to Short Term Follow up in Quality of Life Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Functional scale: Physical functioning | -7.59 units on a scale | Standard Error 1.59 |
Secondary
Duration of Response (DOR)
DOR was the time from the date of first evidence of complete response or partial response to the date of objective progression or the date of death due to any cause, whichever is earlier. CR and PR were defined using the RECIST v1.1. CR defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and no appearance of new lesions. PR defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the LD of target lesions (taking as reference the baseline sum LD), no progression of non-target lesions, and no appearance of new lesions. If a responder was not known to have died or have objective progression as of the data inclusion cutoff date, duration of response was censored at the last adequate tumor assessment date. PD was at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, with reference being the smallest sum on study and an absolute increase of at least 5 mm, or unequivocal progression of non-target lesions, or 1 or more new lesions.
Time frame: From Date of CR, PR until Disease Progression or Death Due to Any Cause (Up To 31 Months)
Population: All randomized participants with response.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Duration of Response (DOR) | NA Months |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Duration of Response (DOR) | 25.6 Months |
Secondary
Overall Survival (OS)
OS defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of death due to any cause. For each participant who is not known to have died as of the data-inclusion cutoff date for overall survival analysis, OS time was censored on the last date the participant is known to be alive. The final analysis of the OS outcome was conducted after 440 OS events had been observed.
Time frame: From Date of Randomization until Death Due to Any Cause (Up To 72 Months)
Population: All randomized participants. Censored participants: Abemaciclib=163 (36.5%), Placebo = 66 (29.6).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Overall Survival (OS) | 45.80 Months |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Overall Survival (OS) | 37.25 Months |
Secondary
Percentage of Participants Achieving Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) (Objective Response Rate [ORR])
ORR was the percentage of participants achieving a best overall response (BOR) of complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) as per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1. CR defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and no appearance of new lesions. PR defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameters (LD) of target lesions (taking as reference the baseline sum LD), no progression of non-target lesions, and no appearance of new lesions. PD was at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, with reference being the smallest sum on study and an absolute increase of at least 5 mm, or unequivocal progression of non-target lesions, or 1 or more new lesions.
Time frame: From Date of First Dose until Disease Progression or Death Due to Any Cause (Up To 31 Months)
Population: All randomized participants.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Percentage of Participants Achieving Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) (Objective Response Rate [ORR]) | 35.2 Percentage of participants |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Percentage of Participants Achieving Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) (Objective Response Rate [ORR]) | 16.1 Percentage of participants |
Secondary
Percentage of Participants Achieving CR, PR or Stable Disease (SD) (Disease Control Rate [DCR])
Disease Control Rate (DCR) was the percentage of participants with a best overall response of CR, PR, or Stable Disease (SD) as per Response using RECIST v1.1 criteria. CR defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and no appearance of new lesions. PR defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the LD of target lesions (taking as reference the baseline sum LD), no progression of non-target lesions, and no appearance of new lesions. SD was neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD for target lesions, no progression of non-target lesions, and no appearance of new lesions. PD was at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, with reference being the smallest sum on study and an absolute increase of at least 5 mm, or unequivocal progression of non-target lesions, or 1 or more new lesions.
Time frame: From Date of First Dose until Disease Progression or Death Due to Any Cause (Up To 31 Months)
Population: All randomized participants.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Percentage of Participants Achieving CR, PR or Stable Disease (SD) (Disease Control Rate [DCR]) | 83.0 Percentage of participants |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Percentage of Participants Achieving CR, PR or Stable Disease (SD) (Disease Control Rate [DCR]) | 75.8 Percentage of participants |
Secondary
Percentage of Participants With CR, PR or SD With a Duration of At Least 6 Months (Clinical Benefit Rate [CBR])
Clinical benefit rate defined as percentage of participants with best overall response of CR, PR, or SD with a duration of at least 6 months.CR defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and no appearance of new lesions.PR defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the LD of target lesions (taking as reference the baseline sum LD), no progression of non-target lesions, and no appearance of new lesions.SD was neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD for target lesions, no progression of non-target lesions, and no appearance of new lesions. Percentage of participants=(participants with CR+PR+SD with a duration of at least 6 months /number of participants enrolled) \*100.PD was at least a 20% increase in sum of the diameters of target lesions,with reference being the smallest sum on study and an absolute increase of at least 5 mm or unequivocal progression of non-target lesions,or 1 or more new lesions.
Time frame: From Date of First Dose until Disease Progression or Death Due to Any Cause (Up To 31 Months)
Population: All randomized participants.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Percentage of Participants With CR, PR or SD With a Duration of At Least 6 Months (Clinical Benefit Rate [CBR]) | 72.2 Percentage of participants |
| Placebo + Fulvestrant | Percentage of Participants With CR, PR or SD With a Duration of At Least 6 Months (Clinical Benefit Rate [CBR]) | 56.1 Percentage of participants |
Secondary
Pharmacokinetics (PK): Area Under the Concentration Curve (AUC) of Abemaciclib, Its Metabolites M2 and M20
Area Under the Plasma Concentration versus Time Curve from Time Zero to Infinity (AUC\[0-∞\]) was evaluated for Abemaciclib and Metabolites M2 and M20.
Time frame: Cycle 1 Day 1 2-4 hours (h) post dose, Cycle 1 Day 15 4 and 7h post dose, Cycle 2 Day 1 pre dose and 3h post dose, Cycle 3 Day1 pre dose
Population: All randomized participants who received at least one dose of 150 mg study drug (Abemaciclib) with evaluable Abemaciclib, M2 and M20 PK data.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Pharmacokinetics (PK): Area Under the Concentration Curve (AUC) of Abemaciclib, Its Metabolites M2 and M20 | M2 | 1640 Nanograms*hour/milliliters (ng*h/mL) | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 70.2 |
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Pharmacokinetics (PK): Area Under the Concentration Curve (AUC) of Abemaciclib, Its Metabolites M2 and M20 | M20 | 2870 Nanograms*hour/milliliters (ng*h/mL) | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 69.6 |
| Abemaciclib + Fulvestrant | Pharmacokinetics (PK): Area Under the Concentration Curve (AUC) of Abemaciclib, Its Metabolites M2 and M20 | Abemaciclib | 2960 Nanograms*hour/milliliters (ng*h/mL) | Geometric Coefficient of Variation 32.2 |