Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness, Pain
Conditions
Keywords
DOMS
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to evaluate analgesic efficacy of Topical Voltaren Gel (diclofenac sodium gel) 1% applied QID compared to Placebo in Subjects Experiencing Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness.
Detailed description
The purpose of this randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, within-subject study is to evaluate the efficacy of topical diclofenac sodium gel (DSG) 1% in reducing pain associated with delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Following exercise, subjects reporting significant DOMS received topical DSG 1% applied to 1 leg and placebo applied to the other every 6 hours for 48 hours.
Interventions
DRUG1% diclofenac sodium gel
Diclofenac sodium 1% gel 4 grams applied topically Q6 hour for 48 hours
DRUGPlacebo
Placebo gel 4gm applied topically Q6 hour for 48 hours
Sponsors
Novartis Pharmaceuticals
Lotus Clinical Research, LLC
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Patients who provide written informed consent prior to enrollment * Male or female and 18 to 35 years of age. * Patients who are not engaged in regular lower extremity fitness activities for more than 2 times per week for ≥2 consecutive weeks in the past 6 months prior to screening. * Female patients are eligible only if all of the following apply: * Not pregnant (subjects of child bearing potential must have a negative beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) pregnancy test at screening); * Not lactating; * Not planning to become pregnant within the duration of the study; * Patients who are willing and capable of understanding and cooperating with the requirements of the study. * Patients able to understand and communicate in English. Randomization Inclusion Criteria: * Patients who report a DOMS score ≥4 at rest (numerical rating scale of 0 to 10, where 0 is no pain and 10 is worst pain imaginable) secondary to delayed muscle soreness on both right and left legs. The DOMS scores at rest reported for each leg must be within 3 points of each other. * Patients must report a categorical pain rating of moderate to severe for each leg on a scale of none, mild, moderate, or severe prior to randomization.
Exclusion criteria
* Have a body mass index of \>32 kg/m2 * History of active or suspected esophageal, gastric, pyloric channel, or duodenal ulceration or bleeding within 30 days preceding screening. * Psychiatric disease including major depression, bipolar disorder, or anxiety, or other medical condition that, in the opinion of the Investigator, would interfere with the evaluation of study drug efficacy or safety * History of clinically significant cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, metabolic, pulmonary, neurological, hematological, autoimmune, psychiatric or endocrine disorders, including individuals with Type I or Type II diabetes, or other clinically significant medical condition that, in the opinion of the Investigator, may preclude safe study participation. * Have had surgery or scheduled to undergo surgery of the hips or knees within 6 months prior to screening and/or during the study participation. * Have significant biomechanical abnormality in the lower extremity that would preclude study evaluations, such as: peripheral or central neurological disease, significant back pain; symptomatic osteoarthritis of the hips, knew, or feet, or other painful conditions of the lower extremities. * Have any type of orthopedic and/or prosthetic device or any skin abnormalities on the legs that may interfere with local tolerability. * Currently taking corticosteroids or topical analgesic or anti inflammatory treatment whose the duration of action may affect study evaluations. * Malignancy in the last 5 years, with the exception of nonmetastatic basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin that has been surgically cured, or any Stage 1 cancer or carcinoma in situ cured by resection or localized radiation at least 5 years prior to screening with no evidence of recurrence. * History of allergy (cutaneous or systemic), hypersensitivity, or asthma to any of the following: diclofenac, paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic acid, other NSAID or cyclooxygenase 2-specific inhibitor (COXIB) or known intolerance (cutaneous or systemic) to any of the ingredients in the gel, such as isopropyl alcohol or propylene glycol. * History of known narcotic, analgesic, or alcohol abuse. * Any cognitive impairment that would, in the opinion of the Investigator, preclude study participation or compliance with study procedures (e.g., Alzheimer's dementia). * Previously received an investigational product within 30 days before the scheduled dose of study medication.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Mean Reduction in SPID Scores of DOMS on Walking Over 24 Hours | 7 days | The primary outcome is the analgesic efficacy of Topical Voltaren® gel compared to placebo in the reduction of the pain associated with DOMS. The statistical comparison of interest will be the mean reduction in DOMS scores upon walking in the leg receiving Topical Voltaren® gel vs the leg receiving placebo over the first 24 hours post treatment. Pain intensity was assessed at predefined time points (Predose, 3, 9, 15, 21, and 24 hours after first drug administration) using an 11-point Numeric Rating Scale (NPRS) where a score of zero indicates no pain and 10 indicates pain as bad as you can imagine. Pain Intensity Differences at each predefined time point (calculated as post-baseline NPRS values - baseline NPRS values) were analyzed. The theoretical maximum range of Sum of pain intensity differences (SPID24) is from -50 (indicative of an increase in pain) to 50 (indicative of a decrease in pain). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Mean Reduction in SPID Scores of DOMS at Rest Over 24 Hours | 7 days | The secondary outcome is the mean reduction in DOMS scores at rest in the leg receiving Topical Voltaren® gel versus the leg receiving placebo over the first 24 hours post treatment initiation. Pain intensity was assessed at predefined time points (at Predose, 3, 9, 15, 21, and 24 hours after first drug administration) using an 11-point Numeric Rating Scale (NPRS) where a score of zero indicates no pain and a score of 10 indicates pain as bad as you can imagine. Pain Intensity Differences at each predefined time point (calculated as post-baseline NPRS values - baseline NPRS values) were analyzed. The theoretical maximum range of Sum of pain intensity differences (SPID24) is from -50 (indicative of an increase in pain) to 50 (indicative of a decrease in pain). |
| Mean Reduction in SPID Scores of DOMS While Standing Over 24 Hours | 7 days | The secondary outcome is the mean reduction in DOMS scores while standing in the leg receiving Topical Voltaren® gel versus the leg receiving placebo over the first 24 hours post treatment initiation. Pain intensity was assessed at predefined time points (at Predose, 3, 9, 15, 21, and 24 hours after first drug administration) using an 11-point Numeric Rating Scale (NPRS) where a score of zero indicates no pain and a score of ten indicates pain as bad as you can imagine. Pain Intensity Differences at each predefined time point (calculated as post-baseline NPRS values - baseline NPRS values) were analyzed. The theoretical maximum range of Sum of pain intensity differences (SPID24) is from -50 (indicative of an increase in pain) to 50 (indicative of a decrease in pain). |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Dates of recruitment period: First subject was enrolled in March 2014 and the last subject was enrolled in April 2014. Types of location: Investigative site was located at one research center.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| 1% Diclofenac Sodium Gel Diclofenac sodium 1% gel 4 grams applied topically Q6 hours for 48 hours to one leg, and placebo to the other leg. | 24 |
| Total | 24 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | 1% Diclofenac Sodium Gel |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 28.0 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.58 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 7 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 17 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 9 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 13 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 9 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 15 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 24 | 0 / 24 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 24 | 0 / 24 |
Outcome results
Primary
Mean Reduction in SPID Scores of DOMS on Walking Over 24 Hours
The primary outcome is the analgesic efficacy of Topical Voltaren® gel compared to placebo in the reduction of the pain associated with DOMS. The statistical comparison of interest will be the mean reduction in DOMS scores upon walking in the leg receiving Topical Voltaren® gel vs the leg receiving placebo over the first 24 hours post treatment. Pain intensity was assessed at predefined time points (Predose, 3, 9, 15, 21, and 24 hours after first drug administration) using an 11-point Numeric Rating Scale (NPRS) where a score of zero indicates no pain and 10 indicates pain as bad as you can imagine. Pain Intensity Differences at each predefined time point (calculated as post-baseline NPRS values - baseline NPRS values) were analyzed. The theoretical maximum range of Sum of pain intensity differences (SPID24) is from -50 (indicative of an increase in pain) to 50 (indicative of a decrease in pain).
Time frame: 7 days
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1% Diclofenac Sodium Gel | Mean Reduction in SPID Scores of DOMS on Walking Over 24 Hours | 34.87 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 22.86 |
| Placebo | Mean Reduction in SPID Scores of DOMS on Walking Over 24 Hours | 23.62 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 19.38 |
p-value: 0.0324t-test, 2 sided
Secondary
Mean Reduction in SPID Scores of DOMS at Rest Over 24 Hours
The secondary outcome is the mean reduction in DOMS scores at rest in the leg receiving Topical Voltaren® gel versus the leg receiving placebo over the first 24 hours post treatment initiation. Pain intensity was assessed at predefined time points (at Predose, 3, 9, 15, 21, and 24 hours after first drug administration) using an 11-point Numeric Rating Scale (NPRS) where a score of zero indicates no pain and a score of 10 indicates pain as bad as you can imagine. Pain Intensity Differences at each predefined time point (calculated as post-baseline NPRS values - baseline NPRS values) were analyzed. The theoretical maximum range of Sum of pain intensity differences (SPID24) is from -50 (indicative of an increase in pain) to 50 (indicative of a decrease in pain).
Time frame: 7 days
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1% Diclofenac Sodium Gel | Mean Reduction in SPID Scores of DOMS at Rest Over 24 Hours | 28.06 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 23.84 |
| Placebo | Mean Reduction in SPID Scores of DOMS at Rest Over 24 Hours | 24.81 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 20.9 |
p-value: 0.3688t-test, 2 sided
Secondary
Mean Reduction in SPID Scores of DOMS While Standing Over 24 Hours
The secondary outcome is the mean reduction in DOMS scores while standing in the leg receiving Topical Voltaren® gel versus the leg receiving placebo over the first 24 hours post treatment initiation. Pain intensity was assessed at predefined time points (at Predose, 3, 9, 15, 21, and 24 hours after first drug administration) using an 11-point Numeric Rating Scale (NPRS) where a score of zero indicates no pain and a score of ten indicates pain as bad as you can imagine. Pain Intensity Differences at each predefined time point (calculated as post-baseline NPRS values - baseline NPRS values) were analyzed. The theoretical maximum range of Sum of pain intensity differences (SPID24) is from -50 (indicative of an increase in pain) to 50 (indicative of a decrease in pain).
Time frame: 7 days
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1% Diclofenac Sodium Gel | Mean Reduction in SPID Scores of DOMS While Standing Over 24 Hours | 33.9 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 23.29 |
| Placebo | Mean Reduction in SPID Scores of DOMS While Standing Over 24 Hours | 21.62 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 18.8 |
p-value: 0.0275t-test, 2 sided