Adiposity, Blood Pressure, Dietary Habits
Conditions
Brief summary
This project examines behavioral and household characteristics associated with food purchasing patterns.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
University of Minnesota
University of Illinois at Chicago
Rush University Medical Center
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1. Adult individual who reports making at least 75% of household food purchases 2. Resides in City of Chicago, Illinois or surrounding suburbs
Exclusion criteria
1. Inability to provide informed consent in English 2. Living in transitional housing or on a college campus 3. Lack of a cellular or land line phone 4. Gang presence or illegal activity in the immediate vicinity of the home, or other factors jeopardizing researcher safety during home visits (e.g., extreme unsanitary conditions) 5. Having a household member, including the primary shopper, with a medical condition or food allergy that substantially influences household food choices (e.g., phenylketonuria, celiac disease)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Diet Quality of Household Food Purchases | 2 weeks | Diet quality was quantified by applying the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) scoring criteria (https://epi.grants.cancer.gov/hei/) to the nutrient and food group data of purchased foods and beverages. The HEI-2015 scores adherence to the Department of Health and Human Services' 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Adherence to recommended intakes for 13 key dietary components is scored on continuous scale for each component, and the 13 component scores are then summed to obtain a total score ranging from 0-100. Higher scores reflect closer adherence to the dietary guidelines. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Diet Quality of Dietary Intake | 2 weeks | Diet quality was quantified by applying the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) scoring criteria (https://epi.grants.cancer.gov/hei/) to the nutrient and food group data derived from three 24-hour diet recalls. The HEI-2015 scores adherence to the Department of Health and Human Services' 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Adherence to recommended intakes for 13 key dietary components is scored on continuous scale for each component, and the 13 component scores are then summed to obtain a total score ranging from 0-100. Higher scores reflect closer adherence to the dietary guidelines. |
| Home Food Environment | 2 weeks | Availability of obesity promoting foods in the home, assessed with an audit-based inventory. The audit captures the presence of 71 obesity promoting foods. The sum of these items ranges from 0-71, with higher scores reflecting greater availability in the home. |
| Percentage of Total Energy Purchased From Non-store Sources (e.g., Fast Food and Take-out/Delivery, Restaurants) | 2 weeks | Percentage of total energy (kcal) purchased from all sources other than food stores/supermarkets, including fast food and take-out/delivery, full-service restaurants, vending machines, bars/taverns, and cafeterias. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure at 12 Months | 12 months | Change in systolic blood pressure |
| Change From Baseline in Body Mass Index at 12 Months | 12 months | Change in body mass index over 12 months of follow up |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Main Cohort This is a cohort study. | 204 |
| Total | 204 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 24 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Main Cohort |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 44.11 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.21 |
| Body mass index | 31.15 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.08 |
| Delay discounting | 32.77 (Value of $100) * (days until receipt) STANDARD_DEVIATION 28.54 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 8 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 93 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 27 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 73 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 204 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 169 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 35 Participants |
| Systolic blood pressure | 120.19 mmHg, systolic STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.29 |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 0 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 0 |
Outcome results
Primary
Diet Quality of Household Food Purchases
Diet quality was quantified by applying the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) scoring criteria (https://epi.grants.cancer.gov/hei/) to the nutrient and food group data of purchased foods and beverages. The HEI-2015 scores adherence to the Department of Health and Human Services' 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Adherence to recommended intakes for 13 key dietary components is scored on continuous scale for each component, and the 13 component scores are then summed to obtain a total score ranging from 0-100. Higher scores reflect closer adherence to the dietary guidelines.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Population: N=202 participants had food purchase data available for analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Main Cohort | Diet Quality of Household Food Purchases | 57.88 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 15.22 |
Secondary
Diet Quality of Dietary Intake
Diet quality was quantified by applying the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) scoring criteria (https://epi.grants.cancer.gov/hei/) to the nutrient and food group data derived from three 24-hour diet recalls. The HEI-2015 scores adherence to the Department of Health and Human Services' 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Adherence to recommended intakes for 13 key dietary components is scored on continuous scale for each component, and the 13 component scores are then summed to obtain a total score ranging from 0-100. Higher scores reflect closer adherence to the dietary guidelines.
Time frame: 2 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Main Cohort | Diet Quality of Dietary Intake | 59.49 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 14.38 |
Secondary
Home Food Environment
Availability of obesity promoting foods in the home, assessed with an audit-based inventory. The audit captures the presence of 71 obesity promoting foods. The sum of these items ranges from 0-71, with higher scores reflecting greater availability in the home.
Time frame: 2 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Main Cohort | Home Food Environment | 20.19 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.76 |
Secondary
Percentage of Total Energy Purchased From Non-store Sources (e.g., Fast Food and Take-out/Delivery, Restaurants)
Percentage of total energy (kcal) purchased from all sources other than food stores/supermarkets, including fast food and take-out/delivery, full-service restaurants, vending machines, bars/taverns, and cafeterias.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Population: N=202 subjects had food purchase data available for analysis
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Main Cohort | Percentage of Total Energy Purchased From Non-store Sources (e.g., Fast Food and Take-out/Delivery, Restaurants) | 10.65 Percentage of total energy purchased |
Other Pre-specified
Change From Baseline in Body Mass Index at 12 Months
Change in body mass index over 12 months of follow up
Time frame: 12 months
Population: N=180 participants completed the 12-month follow up assessment
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Main Cohort | Change From Baseline in Body Mass Index at 12 Months | 0.23 difference in kg/m^2 | Standard Deviation 1.69 |
Other Pre-specified
Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure at 12 Months
Change in systolic blood pressure
Time frame: 12 months
Population: N=179 participants had blood pressure readings at both baseline and the 12-month follow up.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Main Cohort | Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure at 12 Months | 1.00 change in mmHg, systolic | Standard Deviation 14.02 |