Withdrawal Symptoms
Conditions
Keywords
Caffeine, Addiction, Withdrawal symptoms, Pediatric, Adolescent, Overweight
Brief summary
The purpose of this study to investigate the addictive properties of soda and other sugar sweetened beverages (SBBs) in teenagers aged 13-18 years. It is hypothesized that participants who were regularly consuming sweetened and caffeinated beverages will experience symptoms typical of caffeine withdrawal, such as headache and fatigue, during the SSB withdrawal period.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALSSB withdrawal
During days 1-5, participants will drink the beverages they normally consume (no intervention). On days 6-8, participants will be instructed to drink only water and unflavored milk during the withdrawal period (days 6-8).
Sponsors
University of California, San Francisco
University of California, Berkeley
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
13 Years to 18 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Drinks more than 36 ounces of sugar-sweetened beverages per day * Speaks fluent English * Parent speaks English or Spanish * Lives in San Francisco Bay Area
Exclusion criteria
* Pregnant or nursing * Taking medication to address mental health issues
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Symptoms of withdrawal | Days 1-3 and days 6-8 | Symptoms of withdrawal during the SSB withdrawal period (days 6-8) will be compared to symptoms of withdrawal during usual consumption period (days 1-3). Three measures are used to assess withdrawal symptoms: Griffiths' withdrawal scale, the relative reinforcing value of soda, and daily check in questions on well-being. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in preference for soda | Days 1-3, 6-8 | Preference for soda will be measured through the Labeled Affective Magnitude Scale (LAMS) and daily check-in questions |
| Change in diet | Days 1-2, 6-8 | Changes in diet will be assessed by 24-hour dietary recalls and beverage recalls |
| Change in impulsivity | Days 1 and 8 | Impulsivity will be assessed via the delayed discounting task |
| Change in stress | Days 1 and 8 | Stress will be assessed via salivary cortisol samples |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Compliance with intervention to only drink water and unflavored milk during the SSB withdrawal phase | Days 6-8 | Using measure of salivary caffeine, beverage recalls, and 24-hour dietary recalls, we will assess compliance. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed