An Open-Label, Randomized, Phase 3 Trial of Nivolumab Versus Investigator's Choice Chemotherapy as First-Line Therapy for Stage IV or Recurrent PD-L1+ Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (CheckMate 026)

Progression-Free Survival (PFS) was defined as the time between the date of randomization and the first date of documented tumor progression, as determined by the Independent Radiology Review Committee (IRRC) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1, or death due to any cause, whichever occurs first. Participants who die without a reported progression were considered to have progressed on the date of their death. Participants who did not progress or die were censored on the date of their last evaluable tumor assessment. Participants who did not have any on-study tumor assessments and did not die were censored on the day they were randomized. Participants who received subsequent anti-cancer therapy prior to documented progression were censored at the last evaluable tumor assessment prior to the initiation of new therapy.

Time frame: From date of randomization until date of documented tumor progression (assessed up to August 2016, approximately 28 months)

Population: All randomized participants with PD-L1 expression levels \>= 5%

The Lung Cancer Symptom Score (LCSS) is a validated instrument designed to assess the impact of treatment on disease-related symptoms. It consists of 6 symptom-specific questions related to dyspnea, cough, fatigue, pain, hemoptysis and anorexia plus 3 summary items: symptom distress, interference with activity, and global HRQoL. The degree of impairment was recorded on a 100 mm visual analogue scale with scores from 0 to 100 with zero representing the best score. Disease-related symptom improvement rate by Week 12 is defined as the proportion of all randomized (all PD-L1+) participants who had 10 points or more decrease from baseline in average symptom burden index score at any time between randomization and Week 12.

Time frame: From date of randomization to week 12

Population: All randomized participants

ORR was defined as the proportion of randomized participants who achieved a Best Overall Response (BOR) of CR or PR using the RECIST v1.1 criteria per Independent Radiology Review Committee (IRRC) assessment. BOR was defined as the best response designation recorded between the date of randomization and the date of objectively documented progression or start of subsequent anti-cancer therapy, whichever occurred first. For participants without documented progression or subsequent therapy, all available response designations contributed to the BOR assessment. For participants who continued treatment beyond progression, BOR was determined from response designations recorded up to the time of initial progression. CR= Disappearance of all evidence of disease, confirmed by PET scan; PR= Regression of measureable disease and no new sites; Stable Disease (SD)= Failure to attain CR/PR or PD; Progressive Disease (PD)= Any new lesion or increase by \>=50% of previously involved sites from nadir.

Time frame: From date of randomization until date of documented tumor progression or subsequent anti-cancer therapy, whichever occurs first (assessed up to August 2016, approximately 28 months)

Population: All randomized participants with PD-L1 expression \>= 5%

Overall Survival (OS) was defined as the time from randomization to the date of death. A participant who had not died was censored at the last known alive date. OS was censored at the date of randomization for participants who were randomized but had no follow-up.

Time frame: From date of randomization to date of death (up to approximately 89 months)

Population: All randomized participants

Overall Survival (OS) was defined as the time from randomization to the date of death. A participant who had not died was censored at the last known alive date. OS was censored at the date of randomization for participants who were randomized but had no follow-up.

Time frame: From date of randomization to date of death (up to approximately 89 months)

Population: All randomized participants with PD-L1 expression \>= 5%

Progression-Free Survival (PFS) was defined as the time between the date of randomization and the first date of documented tumor progression, as determined by the Independent Radiology Review Committee (IRRC) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1, or death due to any cause, whichever occurs first. Participants who die without a reported progression were considered to have progressed on the date of their death. Participants who did not progress or die were censored on the date of their last evaluable tumor assessment. Participants who did not have any on-study tumor assessments and did not die were censored on the day they were randomized. Participants who received subsequent anti-cancer therapy prior to documented progression were censored at the last evaluable tumor assessment prior to the initiation of new therapy.

Time frame: From date of randomization until date of documented tumor progression (assessed up to August 2016, approximately 28 months)

Population: All randomized participants