Metabolic Syndrome
Conditions
Keywords
low-fat milk, metabolic syndrome, lipid profile, inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial function
Brief summary
This study aimed to investigate the effects of low-fat milk consumption on metabolic parameters and biomarkers related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial function in Korean adults with metabolic syndrome.
Detailed description
A randomized, controlled, parallel, dietary intervention study was designed. Subjects with metabolic syndrome and body mass index ≥23 kg/m2 were randomized to the low-fat milk group, which were instructed to consume 2 packs of low-fat milk per day (200 mL twice daily) for 6 weeks, and the control group was instructed to maintain their habitual diet. Metabolic markers were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the study.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTLow-fat milk group
Sponsors
Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Korea
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
35 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Subjects were enrolled if their body mass index (BMI) was ≥23 kg/m2 and they met the criteria for metabolic syndrome.
Exclusion criteria
* Those who were allergic to milk; those who had a history of digestive disorder; those with a medical history of cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery diseases, valvular heart diseases, heart failure, or stroke; those who had cancer in the past 5 years; those who were taking hypoglycemic agents for diabetes mellitus; those who had chronic disease such as renal failure or liver cirrhosis; and those with a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level ≥ 7% were excluded from the research. People who had a weight change \> 5% of the total weight within the past 3 months, those who had started taking or had changed their dose of anti-hypertensive agents or medications for dyslipidemia within the previous 1 month, those who had a newly diagnosed dyslipidemia requiring drug treatment, those who had taken steroids either orally or by injection within the previous 3 months, those who were pregnant or were expecting to become pregnant; and those who regularly consumed milk in quantities ≥ 200 mL per day at least 3 times a week on average were also excluded.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| metabolic parameters | 6 weeks | lipid profiles, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance |
| inflammation markers | 6 weeks | white blood cell count, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6, adiponectin, serum and urine malondialdehyde, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) |
| Endo-peripheral artery tonometry (EndoPAT) index | 6 weeks | EndoPAT index was assessed to evaluate endothelial function by using a finger plethysmograph based on non-invasive peripheral artery tonometry. |
Countries
South Korea
Outcome results
None listed