Head and Neck Cancer, HPV Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Conditions
Keywords
HPV, oropharynx, squamous cell carcinoma, head and neck cancer, transoral robotic surgery
Brief summary
Some cancers may be related to an infection with a virus, such as the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). HPV related Oropharyngeal cancer (HPVOPC) accounts for 80% of oropharynx cancer cases in the United States. HPVOPC has better prognosis than patients with HPV negative oropharynx cancer. In many hospitals, the standard of care treatment for oropharyngeal cancer is surgery and/or radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. While chances of survival for most patients with HPVOPC is very good, current treatments are associated with short- and long-term side effects which can be severe. In pre-clinical research using animal models of cancer, vaccination targeting the HPV virus has been found to cause tumor regression. Thus, approaches which target the unique characteristics of HPV-infected cancer cells, such as therapeutic vaccination, are attractive strategies for potentially reducing radiotherapy and chemo radiotherapy regimens (and thus decreasing toxicity) and enhancing long-term disease control. The purpose of this study is to see if an experimental vaccine, ADXS11-001, is effective in stimulating the body's defense system against HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma before transoral (through the mouth) surgery. The experimental product ADXS11-001 uses a live strain of the Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) bacteria that has been genetically modified such that the risk of getting an infection is significantly reduced. Several research studies have already been conducted with ADXS11-001 in men and women with cancer. So far, approximately 722 doses of ADXS11-001 have been given to 290 patients with HPV associated cancers.
Detailed description
This is an investigator-initiated prospective clinical study of patients with stage I-IV squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (OPSCC) who are to undergo ablative transoral robotic surgery (TORS). There is a vaccination group and a control group in this study. Subjects in the control group will not receive the vaccination and will only be followed after TORS surgery for additional research blood tests to measure how their immune system is working. Subjects in the vaccination group will receive two vaccinations prior to surgery. The first dose will be about 33 days before surgery, and the second will be about 14 days before surgery. Participation in this study will also include allowing the research team to take several blood samples from the subject at various times before, during, and after treatment for his/her cancer. Vaccination subjects will be monitored closely after treatment and includes 6 months of oral antibiotics.
Interventions
BIOLOGICALADXS11-001 (ADXS-HPV)
ADXS11-001 (ADXS-HPV) is a live attenuated Listeria monocytogenes (Lm)-LLO immunotherapy developed for the treatment of HPV-associated dysplasia and malignancy.
Sponsors
Advaxis, Inc.
Andrew Sikora
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* The patient has newly-diagnosed, biopsy proven squamous cell carcinoma of Stage I-IV (T1-3, N0-2b) of the oropharynx. * The patient's tumor is HPV positive by PCR or ISH assay of tumor biopsy. * The patient is able/eligible to undergo treatment with transoral robotic surgery (TORS) with or without neck dissection and with or without adjuvant radiation therapy or chemoradiation. * The patient is able to understand and give informed consent. * The patient is at least 18 years old. * The patient's ECOG performance status is \</= 2.
Exclusion criteria
* The patient has had prior head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), with the exception of superficial cutaneous basal cell or squamous cell carcinomas. * The patient has active cancer in another part of the body, with the exception of superficial cutaneous basal cell or squamous cell carcinomas * If a cancer survivor, the disease free interval is less than 3 years, with the exception of superficial cutaneous basal cell or squamous cell carcinomas. * If a cancer survivor the patient received prior systemic chemotherapy or radiotherapy * If prior standard-of-care pre-treatment biopsy is inadequate for analysis by immunohistochemistry, and the patient is unwilling to undergo an additional biopsy procedure. * The patient is a prisoner. * The patient has a psychiatric illness or developmental delay which would interfere with understanding of the study and provision of informed consent. * The patient has previously received definitive surgical, radiation, or chemoradiation treatment for HNSCC. * The patient has a history of HIV or other known cause of immunosuppression, or is actively taking immunosuppressive medications due to organ transplantation, rheumatoid disease, or other medical conditions. * Patient is allergic to naproxen or Ibuprofen. * The patient has a history of liver disease. * The patient has a contraindication (e.g. sensitivity/allergy) to both trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin. * The patient has implanted medical device(s) that pose a high risk for colonization and/or cannot be easily removed (e.g., prosthetic joints, artificial heart valves, pacemakers, orthopedic screw(s), metal plate(s), bone graft(s), or other exogenous implant(s)). NOTE: More common devices and prosthetics which include arterial and venous stents, dental and breast implants and venous access devices (e.g. Port-a-Cath or Mediport) are permitted. * Patients who are receiving or may receive future treatment with PI3K or TNFα inhibitors. * Patients who have undergone a major surgery, including surgery for a new artificial implant and/or device, within 6 weeks prior to the initiation of ADXS11-001 treatment. Sponsor must be consulted prior to enrolling subjects on the study who recently had a major surgery or have new artificial implant, and/or devices. * Patients who have a history of listeriosis or prior ADXS11-001 therapy. * Patients with a known allergy to any component of the study treatment formulations. * Pregnancy. The effects of this vaccine on the developing human fetus are unknown. For this reason women of child-bearing potential and men must use two forms of contraception (i.e., barrier contraception and one other method of contraception) at least 4 weeks prior to study entry, for the duration of study participation, Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With Any Grade 3 or 4 Toxicity | Assessed up to 30 Days after surgery | Degree of toxicity assessed according to NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) 4.0 criteria. |
| HPV-Specific T Cell Response Rate | At time of surgery | Response rate defined as proportion of participants with a \>2-fold increase in HPV-specific T cell response from baseline to time of surgery. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| HPV-Specific T Cell Response Rate | Assessed up to 3 months after surgery | Response rate defined as proportion of participants with a \>2-fold increase in HPV-specific T cell response from baseline to 3 months after surgery. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Treatment-Vaccine Group Two vaccinations with ADXS11-001 (ADXS-HPV) will be given at a dose of 1x10\^9 cfu intravenously. The drug will be given as a 500ml infusion over 60 minutes.
ADXS11-001 (ADXS-HPV): ADXS11-001 (ADXS-HPV) is a live attenuated Listeria monocytogenes (Lm)-LLO immunotherapy developed for the treatment of HPV-associated dysplasia and malignancy. | 9 |
| Control Group Observational control group treated with standard of care therapy only | 6 |
| Total | 15 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Death | 1 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Health Reasons | 1 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Withdraw from study | 3 | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Control Group | Total | Treatment-Vaccine Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 53 years | 62 years | 72 years |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 6 Participants | 13 Participants | 7 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 2 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 2 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 5 Participants | 11 Participants | 6 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 1 Participants | 3 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 5 Participants | 12 Participants | 7 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 1 / 9 | 0 / 6 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 9 / 9 | 6 / 6 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 5 / 9 | 1 / 6 |
Outcome results
Primary
HPV-Specific T Cell Response Rate
Response rate defined as proportion of participants with a \>2-fold increase in HPV-specific T cell response from baseline to time of surgery.
Time frame: At time of surgery
Population: The analysis included participants who had HPV-specific T cell response measurement at time of surgery. T cell response data were not collected at time of surgery for the control group, which was an optional observational group.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment-Vaccine Group | HPV-Specific T Cell Response Rate | 0.333 proportion of participants |
Primary
Number of Participants With Any Grade 3 or 4 Toxicity
Degree of toxicity assessed according to NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) 4.0 criteria.
Time frame: Assessed up to 30 Days after surgery
Population: All participants were included in the analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment-Vaccine Group | Number of Participants With Any Grade 3 or 4 Toxicity | 5 Participants |
| Control Group | Number of Participants With Any Grade 3 or 4 Toxicity | 1 Participants |
Secondary
HPV-Specific T Cell Response Rate
Response rate defined as proportion of participants with a \>2-fold increase in HPV-specific T cell response from baseline to 3 months after surgery.
Time frame: Assessed up to 3 months after surgery
Population: The analysis included participants who had at least one HPV-specific T cell response measurement post surgery.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment-Vaccine Group | HPV-Specific T Cell Response Rate | 0.625 proportion of participants |
| Control Group | HPV-Specific T Cell Response Rate | 0.75 proportion of participants |