Insulin Resistance, Satiety
Conditions
Keywords
Glucagon-like peptide-1, Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Peptide, Peptide YY, Glucagon, Satiety, Meal, palaeolithic
Brief summary
The effects of two palaeolithic-type meals will be assessed with respect to a panel of gut hormones, satiety, blood glucose and insulin levels as compared to a meal constructed along the lines of the world Health Organisation dietary recommendations
Detailed description
In the current study the effects of two palaeolithic-type meals will be assessed with respect to a panel of gut hormones (including incretins), satiety, blood glucose and insulin levels.
Interventions
OTHERPAL-2
meal
OTHERTFH-1
Meal
OTHERReference
Meal
Sponsors
Leatherhead Food Research
Unilever R&D
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
DOUBLE (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to 60 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Body Mass Index (BMI) 18-27 inclusive * Apparently healthy: no medical conditions which might affect study measurements as judged by Leatherhead physician based on a health questionnaire) * Having general practitioner * Reported dietary habits: no medically prescribed diet, no slimming diet, used to eat 3 meals a day, no vegetarian * Reported intense sporting activities less than 10h/w * Reported alcohol consumption less than 21units/w * non-smoking * A fasting capillary blood glucose value within the local normal reference value: 4-6.5 mmol/L measured by finger prick
Exclusion criteria
* Use of medication which interferes with the study measurements (as judged by the study physician) * Being an employee of Unilever or Leatherhead Food Research * Scoff questionaire score ≥ 2 * Eating habit questionnaire ≥ 14 * Smoking * Dislike, allergy or intolerance t the test meals or the ad libitum meal * Reported participation in another nutritional or biomedical trial 3 months before pre-study examination or during the study * Reported participation in night shift work two weeks prior to the pre-study investigation during the study. Night work is defined as working between midnight and 06.00 AM
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Glucagon-like peptide-1 | 0-3 hours | Area under the Concentration versus time curve for Glucagon-like peptide-1 in blood plasma |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Glucose | 0-3 hours | Area under the Concentration versus time curve of Glucose in blood |
| Glucagon | 0-3 hours | Area under the Concentration versus time curve of Glucagon in blood plasma |
| Peptide YY | 0-3 hours | Area under the Concentration versus time curve of Peptide YY in blood plasma |
| Hunger | 0-4 hours | Area under the curve for hunger scores (as rated by the subjects on a Visual Analog Scale) versus time |
| Desire to eat | 0-4 hours | Area under the curve for desire to eat scores (as rated by the subjects on a Visual Analog Scale) versus time |
| Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Peptide | 0-3 hours | Area under the Concentration versus time curve of Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Peptide in blood plasma |
| Fullness | 0-4 hours | Area under the curve for fullness scores (as rated by the subjects on a Visual Analog Scale) versus time |
| Insulin | 0-3 hours | Area under the Concentration versus time curve of insulin in blood plasma |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Time to return to baseline of satiety score for fullness, hunger and desire to eat | up to 4 hours | Time to return to baseline for the scores on a Visual Analogue Scales for fullness, hunger and desire to eat |
| Peptide hormones | 0-3 hours | Area under the Concentration versus time curve for total amylin, ghrelin, pancreatic polypeptide, C-peptide, leptin, interleukin-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha in blood plasma |
| Insulin/glucose ratio | 30 minutes | Ratio between insulin and glucose in blood as measured at 30 minutes after start of test product intake |
| Ad libitum meal | 4 hours | Weight of an ad libitum pasta with tomato sauce meal consumed at 4 hours after test product intake |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed