Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML), Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)
Conditions
Keywords
5'-Azacitidine, Stem cell transplant, 13-192
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to learn if 5'-Azacitidine will help to lower the risk of the disease coming back after a stem cell transplant in patients with MDS and AML. This study will also be looking at the side effects of this medicine. 5'-Azacitidine is an FDA approved drug for treatment of MDS and AML, as well as patients whose disease came back after transplant, where it helped going into remission. It is unclear if 5'-Azacitidine can prevent the disease from coming back after transplant. This study will help show if getting 5'-Azacitidine soon after transplant can lower the risk of your disease coming back.
Interventions
DRUGlow dose 5'-azacitidine
5'-azacitadine will be given at a low dose of 32mg/m2 S.C for 5 days every 28 days (a cycle). Dose de-escalation will be permitted for hematologic and non- hematologic toxicities. Patients will start taking the study drug between days 60-120 post TCD allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant and up to a year post-transplant or until there is a toxicity that requires cessation of therapy. Therefore patients will get between 8-10 cycles. Patients who come off-study for reasons unrelated to toxicities before completing 4 cycles will be replaced Since most cases of relapse occur early post transplant, in the first year, this is the most appropriate time to intervene. Treatment will start as soon as possible.
Sponsors
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
1 Years to 75 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
Patients who have undergone T cell depleted allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at MSKCC for: * De novo myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS): IPSS-1 with poor risk cytogenetics or higher IPSS. * Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in first remission that required more than 1 cycle of treatment to achieve remission or with the following cytogenetic abnormalities: FLT3 mutation, deletion/monosomy of chromosome 5 or 7, MLL gene rearrangement, or more than or equal to 3 cytogenetics abnormalities. Also patients in second or greater remission. * Patients with Secondary MDS/AML. * Patients will be considered eligible for the study if after transplant they achieved hematologic (\<5% blasts) and cytogenetic remission. * Patients will be eligible to enter the study between 60-120 days post transplant. * Age: pediatrics and adults patients - 1 year old-75 years old. * Karnofsky performance status \>=60% for patients \>16yo and Lansky performance status \>=60% for patients ≤16yo * Stable blood counts (ANC\>1000/uL, Hb\>8gr/dL, Plt\>50,000/ uL) not supported by transfusions. * Renal: Serum creatinine \<1.5 ULN * Hepatic: \<3xULN ALT and \<1.5 total serum bilirubin, unless there is congenital benign hyperbilirubinemia. * Cardiac: Adequate cardiac function measured by LVEF\>50%. If asymptomatic, pretransplant echocardiogram is adequate. If symptomatic, echocardiogram needs to be repeated. * Each patient must be willing to participate as a research subject and must sign an informed consent form.
Exclusion criteria
Patients will be excluded from the trial if at time of enrollment: * Active uncontrolled bacterial, fungal or viral infection. * Evidence of uncontrolled graft-versus-host disease. * Pulmonary: new onset hypoxia * Known or suspected hypersensitivity to 5'-azacitadine or mannitol. * Evidence of residual disease either by increased blasts count (\>5%) or persistence of previous known cytogenetics abnormalities. * Peripheral blood neutrophil chimerism: less than 95% donor.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Relapse Rate | 2 years | Relapse of MDS or AML will be analyzed as to type and genetic origin of the leukemic cells. These will be defined by morphologic and/or cytogenetic criteria: an increasing number of blasts in the marrow over 5%, by presence of circulating blasts, or by presence of blasts in any extramedullary site as well as presence of previous cytogenetic abnormalities. Other studies assessing for MRD, FACS and FISH assays will be evaluated but would not be considered disease relapse if positive since they are experimental. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Survival | 2 years | Kaplan-Meier methodology will be used to compare overall survival. |
| Number of Participants Evaluated for Treatment Safety | 2 years | The safety will be described by tabulating the number of transfusions, frequencies of bleeding and serious infections, and the use of G-CSF support. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Low Dose 5'-Azacitidine This is a single arm phase II trial to assess the efficacy and confirm the safety of maintenance therapy with 5'-azacitadine compared to historical control after TCD allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant for patients with MDS and AML who are at high risk of relapse. | 32 |
| Total | 32 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Low Dose 5'-Azacitidine |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 60 years |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 2 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 30 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 30 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 32 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 15 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 17 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 12 / 32 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 29 / 32 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 10 / 32 |
Outcome results
Primary
Relapse Rate
Relapse of MDS or AML will be analyzed as to type and genetic origin of the leukemic cells. These will be defined by morphologic and/or cytogenetic criteria: an increasing number of blasts in the marrow over 5%, by presence of circulating blasts, or by presence of blasts in any extramedullary site as well as presence of previous cytogenetic abnormalities. Other studies assessing for MRD, FACS and FISH assays will be evaluated but would not be considered disease relapse if positive since they are experimental.
Time frame: 2 years
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low Dose 5'-Azacitidine | Relapse Rate | Progression Free | 20 Participants |
| Low Dose 5'-Azacitidine | Relapse Rate | Complete Response | 2 Participants |
| Low Dose 5'-Azacitidine | Relapse Rate | Not Entered | 10 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants Evaluated for Treatment Safety
The safety will be described by tabulating the number of transfusions, frequencies of bleeding and serious infections, and the use of G-CSF support.
Time frame: 2 years
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Low Dose 5'-Azacitidine | Number of Participants Evaluated for Treatment Safety | 32 Participants |
Secondary
Overall Survival
Kaplan-Meier methodology will be used to compare overall survival.
Time frame: 2 years
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low Dose 5'-Azacitidine | Overall Survival | Alive | 20 Participants |
| Low Dose 5'-Azacitidine | Overall Survival | Dead | 12 Participants |