Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, ALK-Positive, Ann Arbor Stage III Noncutaneous Childhood Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, Ann Arbor Stage II Noncutaneous Childhood Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, Ann Arbor Stage IV Noncutaneous Childhood Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Conditions
Brief summary
This partially randomized phase II trial studies how well brentuximab vedotin or crizotinib and combination chemotherapy works in treating patients with newly diagnosed stage II-IV anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Brentuximab vedotin is a monoclonal antibody, called brentuximab, linked to a toxic agent called vedotin. Brentuximab attaches to CD30 positive cancer cells in targeted way and delivers vedotin to kill them. Crizotinib and methotrexate may stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Drugs used in chemotherapy work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. It is not yet known whether brentuximab vedotin and combination chemotherapy is more effective than crizotinib and combination chemotherapy in treating anaplastic large cell lymphoma.
Detailed description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. To determine the tolerability of brentuximab vedotin given in combination with standard chemotherapy (anaplastic large cell lymphoma \[ALCL\]99) and to determine the tolerability of crizotinib given in combination with chemotherapy (ALCL99). II. To estimate the event free survival (EFS) of Arm brentuximab vedotin (BV) and Arm crizotinib (CZ) and contrast these to historical control data. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To determine the prognostic significance of minimal disseminated disease (MDD) at diagnosis and minimal residual disease (MRD) as measured by real-time (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in peripheral blood. OUTLINE: Patients with body surface area (BSA) \< 0.9 m\^2 were non-randomly assigned to Arm BV while it was open and were not eligible for the trial while Arm BV was closed. Patients with BSA \>= 0.9 m\^2 were randomly assigned 1:1 to Arm BV or Arm CZ while both were open and were non-randomly assigned to the open arm while only one of the two arms was open. ARM BV: COURSE A (CYCLES 1, 3, AND 5): Patients receive brentuximab vedotin (1.8 mg/dg/dose - Max dose 180 mg) intravenously (IV) over 30 minutes on day 1, dexamethasone orally (PO) twice daily (BID) or IV on days 1-5, ifosfamide IV over 60 minutes on days 1-5, methotrexate IV over 3 hours on day 1, cytarabine IV over 1-30 minutes every 12 hours for 4 doses on days 4 and 5, and etoposide IV over 2 hours on days 4 and 5. COURSE B (CYCLES 2, 4, AND 6): Patients receive brentuximab vedotin (1.8 mg/dg/dose - Max dose 180 mg), dexamethasone, and methotrexate as in Arm BV, Course A. Patients also receive cyclophosphamide IV over 15-30 minutes on days 1-5 and doxorubicin hydrochloride IV over 1-15 minutes on days 4 and 5. ARM CZ: COURSE A (CYCLES 1, 3, AND 5): Patients receive crizotinib (165 mg/m\^2) PO BID on days 1-21 and dexamethasone, ifosfamide, methotrexate, cytarabine, and etoposide as in Arm BV, Course A. COURSE B (CYCLES 2, 4, AND 6): Patients receive crizotinib (165 mg/m\^2) PO BID as in Arm CZ, Course A and dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and doxorubicin hydrochloride as in Arm BV, Course B. In all arms, treatment repeats every 21 days for 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months.
Interventions
DRUGBrentuximab Vedotin
Given IV
DRUGCrizotinib
Given PO
DRUGCyclophosphamide
Given IV
DRUGCytarabine
Given IT and IV
DRUGDexamethasone
Given PO or IV
DRUGDoxorubicin Hydrochloride
Given IV
DRUGEtoposide
Given IV
DRUGIfosfamide
Given IV
DRUGMethotrexate
Given IT and IV
Sponsors
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
No minimum to 21 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Newly diagnosed patients with histologically proven ALCL (International Classification of Diseases for Oncology \[ICD-0\] code: 9714/3) * Disease must be cluster of differentiation (CD)30 positive * Disease must be anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive (defined by local institutional standards) * Patients must have stage II, III, or IV disease * Patients must have a life expectancy of \>= 8 weeks * Adequate Liver Function Defined As: * Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age (within 7 days prior to enrollment) * Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase \[SGPT\]) \< 2.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age; for the purpose of this study, the ULN for ALT is 45 U/L (within 7 days prior to enrollment) * If the lab abnormality is thought to be due to the lymphoma the patient is eligible and dose adjustments should be made * Adequate Cardiac Function Defined As: * Shortening fraction of \>= 27% by echocardiogram, or * Ejection fraction of \>= 50% by radionuclide angiogram * Adequate Pulmonary Function Defined As: * Patients with a history of pulmonary dysfunction must have no evidence of dyspnea at rest, no exercise intolerance due to pulmonary insufficiency, and a pulse oximetry \> 92% while breathing room air unless current dysfunction is due to the lymphoma in which case the patient is eligible
Exclusion criteria
* Patients with central nervous system (CNS) disease are not eligible * Patients with disease limited to the skin are not eligible, regardless of how wide-spread * Patients with stage I disease are not eligible * Patients who have received any prior cytotoxic chemotherapy for the current diagnosis of ALCL or any cancer diagnosed previously are not eligible * Previous steroid treatment and/or radiation treatment is not allowed unless it is for the emergent management of a mediastinal mass; emergent steroid treatment and/or radiation treatment should stop once protocol therapy is initiated * Intrathecal chemotherapy prior to enrollment is allowed for the current diagnosis of ALCL as long as adequate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is obtained prior to administration of the intrathecal chemotherapy and subsequently demonstrated to be negative for ALCL * Female patients who are pregnant are not eligible; pregnancy tests must be obtained in girls who are post menarchal * Lactating females are not eligible unless they have agreed not to breastfeed their infants * Sexually active patients of reproductive potential are not eligible unless they agree to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of treatment and for 3 months after stopping treatment * Patients with Down syndrome are not eligible due to the amount of methotrexate and potential for side effects * Patients with an immunodeficiency that existed prior to diagnosis such as primary immunodeficiency syndromes or organ transplant recipients are not eligible * Cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 4 (CYP3A4) substrates with narrow therapeutic indices: Patients chronically receiving medications known to be metabolized by CYP3A4 and with narrow therapeutic indices including pimozide, aripiprazole, triazolam, ergotamine and halofantrine are not eligible; the topical use of these medications (if applicable) is allowed * CYP3A4 inhibitors: patients chronically receiving drugs that are known potent CYP3A4 inhibitors within 7 days prior to study enrollment, including but not limited to ketoconazole, itraconazole, clarithromycin, erythromycin, ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, saquinavir, delavirdine, nefazodone, diltiazem, verapamil, and grapefruit juice are not eligible; the topical use of these medications (if applicable), e.g. 2% ketoconazole cream, is allowed * CYP3A4 inducers: patients chronically receiving drugs that are known potent CYP3A4 inducers within 12 days prior to study enrollment, including but not limited to carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifabutin, rifampin, ritonavir, and St. John's wort are not eligible; the topical use of these medications (if applicable) is allowed * Patients that are known to be positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are not eligible; note: inclusion of HIV positive patients will be considered at a later date * Patients who weigh \< 10 kg are not eligible
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Occurrence of Grade 3+ Non-hematologic Adverse Events | Up to 60 months | Will be assessed using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. Toxicities will be summarized by individual toxicity counts separated by arm. |
| Event Free Survival (EFS) | Time from study entry until progressive disease, relapse, or death, assessed up to 2 years | The Kaplan-Meier method will be used to estimate the 2-year EFS for each of the treatment regimens. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Prognostic Significance of Minimal Residual Disease | Baseline up to progressive disease, relapse, or death, assessed up to 2 years | Analyzed by estimating the 2-year EFS of negative MRD and positive MRD by arm. Minimal disease was performed using serial assessments of the t(2;5)(p23;q35) NPM-ALK fusion transcript using quantitative RT-PCR. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed by extracting total RNA from peripheral blood specimens. Peripheral blood samples were obtained at baseline, on day 1 of cycle 1, and on day 1 of cycle 2. The normalized copy numbers (NCN) were expressed as copy numbers of NPM-ALK per 104 copies of ABL. Minimal disease (MDD) was defined as \>10 NCN at baseline. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Arm BV (Brentuximab Vedotin, Combination Chemotherapy) COURSE A (CYCLES 1, 3, AND 5): Patients receive brentuximab vedotin IV over 30 minutes on day 1, dexamethasone PO BID or IV on days 1-5, ifosfamide IV over 60 minutes on days 1-5, methotrexate IV over 3 hours on day 1, cytarabine IV over 1-30 minutes every 12 hours for 4 doses on days 4 and 5, and etoposide IV over 2 hours on days 4 and 5.
COURSE B (CYCLES 2, 4, AND 6): Patients receive brentuximab vedotin, dexamethasone, and methotrexate as in Arm BV, Course A. Patients also receive cyclophosphamide IV over 15-30 minutes on days 1-5 and doxorubicin hydrochloride IV over 1-15 minutes on days 4 and 5.
Brentuximab Vedotin: Given IV
Cyclophosphamide: Given IV
Cytarabine: Given IT and IV
Dexamethasone: Given PO or IV
Doxorubicin Hydrochloride: Given IV
Etoposide: Given IV
Ifosfamide: Given IV
Methotrexate: Given IT and IV | 68 |
| Arm CZ (Crizotinib, Combination Chemotherapy) COURSE A (CYCLES 1, 3, AND 5): Patients receive crizotinib PO BID on days 1-21 and dexamethasone, ifosfamide, methotrexate, cytarabine, and etoposide as in Arm BV, Course A.
COURSE B (CYCLES 2, 4, AND 6): Patients receive crizotinib as in Arm CZ, Course A and dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and doxorubicin hydrochloride as in Arm BV, Course B.
Crizotinib: Given PO
Cyclophosphamide: Given IV
Cytarabine: Given IT and IV
Dexamethasone: Given PO or IV
Doxorubicin Hydrochloride: Given IV
Etoposide: Given IV
Ifosfamide: Given IV
Methotrexate: Given IT and IV | 69 |
| Total | 137 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Did not start treatment | 0 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Physician Decision | 2 | 3 |
| Overall Study | Refusal | 0 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Relapse | 0 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Study terminated by Sponsor | 0 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 0 | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Arm BV (Brentuximab Vedotin, Combination Chemotherapy) | Arm CZ (Crizotinib, Combination Chemotherapy) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 64 Participants | 65 Participants | 129 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 4 Participants | 4 Participants | 8 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 10.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.9 | 13.6 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.3 | 12.2 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.4 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 5 Participants | 10 Participants | 15 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 60 Participants | 56 Participants | 116 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 3 Participants | 3 Participants | 6 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 5 Participants | 4 Participants | 9 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 8 Participants | 14 Participants | 22 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 5 Participants | 5 Participants | 10 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 48 Participants | 46 Participants | 94 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 68 participants | 69 participants | 137 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 25 Participants | 22 Participants | 47 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 43 Participants | 47 Participants | 90 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 3 / 68 | 3 / 68 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 57 / 68 | 55 / 68 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 24 / 68 | 41 / 68 |
Outcome results
Primary
Event Free Survival (EFS)
The Kaplan-Meier method will be used to estimate the 2-year EFS for each of the treatment regimens.
Time frame: Time from study entry until progressive disease, relapse, or death, assessed up to 2 years
Population: 1 Arm CZ patient who did not start treatment is excluded from analyses of EFS.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm BV (Brentuximab Vedotin, Combination Chemotherapy) | Event Free Survival (EFS) | 78.8 Percentage of patients |
| Arm CZ (Crizotinib, Combination Chemotherapy) | Event Free Survival (EFS) | 76.8 Percentage of patients |
Primary
Occurrence of Grade 3+ Non-hematologic Adverse Events
Will be assessed using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. Toxicities will be summarized by individual toxicity counts separated by arm.
Time frame: Up to 60 months
Population: 1 Arm BV patient who did not receive at least one dose of brentuximab vedotin and 3 Arm CZ patients who did not receive at least one dose of crizotinib are excluded from these analyses.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm BV (Brentuximab Vedotin, Combination Chemotherapy) | Occurrence of Grade 3+ Non-hematologic Adverse Events | 80.6 Percentage of patients |
| Arm CZ (Crizotinib, Combination Chemotherapy) | Occurrence of Grade 3+ Non-hematologic Adverse Events | 87.9 Percentage of patients |
Secondary
Prognostic Significance of Minimal Residual Disease
Analyzed by estimating the 2-year EFS of negative MRD and positive MRD by arm. Minimal disease was performed using serial assessments of the t(2;5)(p23;q35) NPM-ALK fusion transcript using quantitative RT-PCR. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed by extracting total RNA from peripheral blood specimens. Peripheral blood samples were obtained at baseline, on day 1 of cycle 1, and on day 1 of cycle 2. The normalized copy numbers (NCN) were expressed as copy numbers of NPM-ALK per 104 copies of ABL. Minimal disease (MDD) was defined as \>10 NCN at baseline.
Time frame: Baseline up to progressive disease, relapse, or death, assessed up to 2 years
Population: 11 Arm BV patients without adequate MDD baseline data, 1 Arm CZ patient who did not start treatment, and 11 Arm CZ patients without adequate MDD baseline data are excluded from these analyses.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm BV (Brentuximab Vedotin, Combination Chemotherapy) | Prognostic Significance of Minimal Residual Disease | 89 Percentage of patients |
| Arm CZ (Crizotinib, Combination Chemotherapy) | Prognostic Significance of Minimal Residual Disease | 52.6 Percentage of patients |
| MRD Negative Arm CZ (Crizotinib, Combination Chemotherapy) | Prognostic Significance of Minimal Residual Disease | 85.6 Percentage of patients |
| MRD Positive Arm CZ (Crizotinib, Combination Chemotherapy) | Prognostic Significance of Minimal Residual Disease | 58.1 Percentage of patients |