Language Developmental Disorders
Conditions
Keywords
language impairment, language disorder, language delay, late talkers, late talking
Brief summary
The goal of the study is to examine the effects of teaching parents to use language support strategies on language skills in toddlers with language delays. We hypothesize that children whose parents who learn to use language support strategies at home will have greater language skills than those children whose parents do not learn the strategies.
Detailed description
The goal of the proposed project is to conduct an efficacy trial to determine whether Enhanced Milieu Teaching (EMT) significantly improves language deficits in young children at high risk for persistent language delays. The target population is children ages 24 -36 months who exhibit significant co-occurring delays in productive and receptive language skills, who have cognitive skills within the range of normal development, and who do not have other identified disabilities. An empirically based and manualized language intervention, Enhanced Milieu Teaching (EMT), implemented by therapists and parents will be compared to community based business as usual services in a randomized experiment enrolling 120 children and their parents. Children assigned to the EMT group will receive 24, 1-hour sessions of direct intervention at home that will include teaching their parents to implement EMT procedures across activities. Children will be assessed at 4 time points (before and after intervention, at 6 months and 12 months post-intervention) allowing the description and comparison of individual language growth trajectories over a period of 18 months. In addition, we will examine the relation between language growth and emergent problems in behavior and social skill development to determine whether early language intervention can prevent these difficulties frequently associated with early language delays. Results from this study will determine the efficacy of parent-plus-therapist implemented EMT with a new population of children, provide evidence about the potential for preventing persistent language delays and secondary social effects of early language delays, and expand developmental theory linking persistent language delays to specific risk factors and behavioral outcomes. The results of this study will have specific policy implications related to early identification and the inclusion of young children with language delays as a target population for early intervention.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALEnhanced Milieu Teaching
Enhanced Milieu Teaching (EMT) is a conversation-based model of early language intervention that uses child interest and initiations as opportunities to model and prompt language use in everyday contexts.
Sponsors
Vanderbilt University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
24 Months to 42 Months
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Language delay
Exclusion criteria
* Hearing loss * Language other than English as the home language * Additional disabilities (e.g., autism, Down syndrome)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Language Skills at 4 Months After Baseline as Measured by the Pre-school Language Scale - 4th Edition | 4 months | Pre-school Language Scale - 4th Edition (a norm-referenced measure of receptive and expressive language) This scale measures the child's expressive and receptive language by going through a standard protocol of items, beginning based on the child's age, requiring a Basal of 3 consecutive correct responses and a Ceiling of 6 consecutive incorrect responses. A higher score is considered better. A standard score of 100 is considered average for the child's age with scores ranging from 50-150. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Expressive Vocabulary at 4 Months After Baseline | 4 months | Number of different words the child says during a 20-minute language sample. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Enhanced Milieu Teaching Parents receive 28 intervention sessions in which they learn to use language support strategies with their children.
Children are assessed at baseline, 4 months after baseline, 10 months after baseline, and 16 months after baseline.
Enhanced Milieu Teaching: Enhanced Milieu Teaching (EMT) is a conversation-based model of early language intervention that uses child interest and initiations as opportunities to model and prompt language use in everyday contexts. | 45 |
| Community Services Children receive speech-language services in the community. Children are assessed at baseline, 4 months after baseline, 10 months after baseline, and 16 months after baseline. | 52 |
| Total | 97 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Community Services | Enhanced Milieu Teaching | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 52 Participants | 45 Participants | 97 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 30.6 months STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.1 | 30.3 months STANDARD_DEVIATION 5 | 30.4 months STANDARD_DEVIATION 5 |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 52 participants | 45 participants | 97 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 10 Participants | 8 Participants | 18 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 42 Participants | 37 Participants | 79 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 45 | 0 / 43 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 45 | 0 / 43 |
Outcome results
Primary
Language Skills at 4 Months After Baseline as Measured by the Pre-school Language Scale - 4th Edition
Pre-school Language Scale - 4th Edition (a norm-referenced measure of receptive and expressive language) This scale measures the child's expressive and receptive language by going through a standard protocol of items, beginning based on the child's age, requiring a Basal of 3 consecutive correct responses and a Ceiling of 6 consecutive incorrect responses. A higher score is considered better. A standard score of 100 is considered average for the child's age with scores ranging from 50-150.
Time frame: 4 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Enhanced Milieu Teaching | Language Skills at 4 Months After Baseline as Measured by the Pre-school Language Scale - 4th Edition | 84 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 13.9 |
| Community Services | Language Skills at 4 Months After Baseline as Measured by the Pre-school Language Scale - 4th Edition | 80.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 12 |
Secondary
Expressive Vocabulary at 4 Months After Baseline
Number of different words the child says during a 20-minute language sample.
Time frame: 4 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Enhanced Milieu Teaching | Expressive Vocabulary at 4 Months After Baseline | 54.87 Number of Different words | Standard Deviation 29.87 |
| Community Services | Expressive Vocabulary at 4 Months After Baseline | 37.98 Number of Different words | Standard Deviation 29.97 |