Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer
Conditions
Keywords
Pancreatic cancer
Brief summary
This research study is for people who have pancreas cancer for which surgery is not recommended. Potential patients must have already received several months of chemotherapy before they are eligible for this study and there will not have been any detectable spread of their tumor on imaging studies following this chemotherapy course.
Detailed description
In this study the investigators want to find out more about the efficacy of giving higher doses of radiation with concurrent chemotherapy in controlling unresectable pancreas cancers than are used in either the pre-operative or post-operative setting. The investigators will assess acute and late side effects (problems and symptoms) of radiation therapy given at these higher doses of radiation (dose escalated) following full dose chemotherapy given before the radiation and with concurrent chemotherapy for pancreas cancer. Radiation therapy is given in higher doses that are limited by the proximity of normal organs to the radiation dose distribution to improve the likelihood of controlling the tumor in the pancreas while minimizing the risk of radiation injury to these organs. There are two chemotherapy drugs, Capecitabine is an oral drug taken twice per day on the same day that radiation therapy is given and Gemcitabine is an intravenous drug given once per week, during radiation therapy. Everyone in this study will have already received chemotherapy alone first. Everyone in this study will receive radiation therapy and concurrent chemotherapy.
Interventions
RADIATIONRadiation Therapy
Radiation therapy dose escalation to an MR-defined gross tumor volume (GTV) of up to 69.75 Gy at 2.25 Gy per fraction.
DRUGConcurrent chemotherapy (Gemcitabine, Capecitabine)
Gemcitabine 400mg/m\^2 IV weekly x 6 doses. Capecitabine 825 mg/m\^2 by mouth twice daily Monday-Friday on days of radiation use 500 mg tablets.
Sponsors
Medical College of Wisconsin
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Pathologically confirmed (histologic or cytologic), locally advanced, adenocarcinoma of the pancreas; patients must have unresectable disease based on institutional standardized criteria of unresectability or medical inoperability. * Participants with and without regional adenopathy are eligible. * No distant metastases, based upon the following minimum diagnostic workup: * History/physical examination, including collection of weight and vital signs, within 28 days prior to study entry; * Abdominal/pelvic CT scan with IV contrast within 21 days prior to study entry; * Chest CT scan, or X-ray within 21 days prior to study entry. * Abdominal/pelvic MR prior to radiation with perfusion and diffusion- weighted sequences and MR and CT sim for radiation planning Pet scan within 21 days prior to study entry, Functional renal study. * Zubrod performance status 0-1 within 1 week of study entry. * Age ≥ 18. * Hematology and cancer antigen (CA) 19-9 / carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) within 14 days prior to study entry, as follows. * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1,500 cells/mm\^3; * Platelets ≥ 100,000 cells/mm\^3; * Hemoglobin ≥ 8.0 g/dl (Note: The use of transfusion or other intervention to achieve Hgb ≥ 8.0 g/dl is acceptable.); * Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 mg/dl; * Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) \< 3 x upper limit of normal (ULN); * Total bilirubin \< 3.0 mg/dL; * Alkaline phosphatase \< 3 x ULN; * Fasting blood glucose \< 160 mg/dl. * Negative serum pregnancy test (if applicable) within 14 days prior to study entry. * Ability to swallow oral medications. * Participants must have had at least 4 months of prior systemic chemotherapy. * Participants must provide study specific informed consent prior to study entry. * Women of childbearing potential and male participants who are sexually active must practice adequate contraception.
Exclusion criteria
* Distant metastatic disease, second malignancy or peritoneal seeding; * Prior invasive malignancy (except non-melanomatous skin cancer) unless disease free for a minimum of 3 years (For example, carcinoma in situ of the breast, oral cavity, or cervix are all permissible). * Prior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fields. * Any major surgery within 28 days prior to study entry * Severe, active co-morbidity, defined as follows: * Unstable angina and/or congestive heart failure requiring hospitalization within the last 6 months; * Transmural myocardial infarction within 3 months prior to study entry; * Acute bacterial or fungal infection requiring intravenous antibiotics at the time of registration; * Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation or other respiratory illness requiring hospitalization or precluding study therapy within 30 days before registration; * Uncontrolled malabsorption syndrome significantly affecting gastrointestinal function; * Any unresolved bowel or bile duct obstruction; * Major resection of the stomach or small bowel that could affect the absorption of capecitabine * Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) based upon current Center for Disease Control (CDC) definition; * Pregnancy or women of childbearing potential and men who are sexually active and not willing/able to use medically acceptable forms of contraception during the course of the study and for women, for 3 months after the last study drug administration. * Women who are lactating at the time of registration and who plan to be lactating through 3 months after the last study drug administration. * Prior allergic reaction to capecitabine or gemcitabine * Inability to undergo an MR of the abdomen/pelvis * Participation in another clinical treatment trial while on study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Survival | 1 and 2 years following up to 7 weeks of radiation treatment | This measure will be the number of subjects alive at one and two years following the end of radiation treatment, up to two years and seven weeks. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Radiographic Response | Baseline and 1 year | Number of participants treated with the proposed dose escalation achieving CR, PR, or SD measured by RECIST 1.1 criteria from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) or computed tomography (SC) scans. |
| Serum Cancer Antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) | Baseline and 1 year | This measure will be the mean serum activity of CA19-9 in units/mL. |
| Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) | Baseline and 1 year | This measure will be the mean serum concentration of CEA in ng/mL. |
| Radiation Induced Toxicity | 3 months post treatment | This measure will be the number of subjects experiencing a serious adverse event or grade three or higher non-serious adverse event by CTCAE v4.03 criteria that is definitely, likely, or possibly attributable to the radiation therapy. |
| SMAD 4 Expression | Baseline | This measure will be the number of participants whose tumor biopsy is positive for the presence of SMAD 4 protein. |
| Progression Free Survival | 1 and 2 years | This measure will be the number of subjects achieving a CR or PR or maintaining SD by RECIST 1.1 criteria one and two years following the end of radiation treatment. |
| Efficacy of Dose Escalation | Baseline and 1 year | This measure is the change from baseline of gross tumor volume for participants achieving a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) or maintaining stable disease (SD) by RECIST 1.1 criteria. |
Countries
United States
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORBeth Erickson, MD
Froedtert & The Medical College of Wisconsin
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Radiation Therapy Plus Chemotherapy MR guided dose escalated radiation therapy plus concurrent chemotherapy in unresectable non-metastatic pancreas cancer. Radiation therapy dose escalation to an MR-defined GTV of up to 69.75 Gy at 2.25 Gy per fraction and concurrent Gemcitabine or Capecitabine.
Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy dose escalation to an MR-defined gross tumor volume (GTV) of up to 69.75 Gy at 2.25 Gy per fraction.
Concurrent chemotherapy (Gemcitabine, Capecitabine): Gemcitabine 400mg/m\^2 IV weekly x 6 doses.
Capecitabine 825 mg/m\^2 by mouth twice daily Monday-Friday on days of radiation use 500 mg tablets. | 23 |
| Total | 23 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Radiation Therapy Plus Chemotherapy |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 12 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 11 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 20 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 23 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 11 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 12 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 16 / 23 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 10 / 23 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 4 / 23 |
Outcome results
Primary
Overall Survival
This measure will be the number of subjects alive at one and two years following the end of radiation treatment, up to two years and seven weeks.
Time frame: 1 and 2 years following up to 7 weeks of radiation treatment
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Radiation Therapy Plus Chemotherapy | Overall Survival | One Year | 13 Participants |
| Radiation Therapy Plus Chemotherapy | Overall Survival | Two Years | 7 Participants |
Secondary
Efficacy of Dose Escalation
This measure is the change from baseline of gross tumor volume for participants achieving a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) or maintaining stable disease (SD) by RECIST 1.1 criteria.
Time frame: Baseline and 1 year
Secondary
Progression Free Survival
This measure will be the number of subjects achieving a CR or PR or maintaining SD by RECIST 1.1 criteria one and two years following the end of radiation treatment.
Time frame: 1 and 2 years
Secondary
Radiation Induced Toxicity
This measure will be the number of subjects experiencing a serious adverse event or grade three or higher non-serious adverse event by CTCAE v4.03 criteria that is definitely, likely, or possibly attributable to the radiation therapy.
Time frame: 3 months post treatment
Secondary
Radiographic Response
Number of participants treated with the proposed dose escalation achieving CR, PR, or SD measured by RECIST 1.1 criteria from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) or computed tomography (SC) scans.
Time frame: Baseline and 1 year
Secondary
Serum Cancer Antigen 19-9 (CA19-9)
This measure will be the mean serum activity of CA19-9 in units/mL.
Time frame: Baseline and 1 year
Secondary
Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)
This measure will be the mean serum concentration of CEA in ng/mL.
Time frame: Baseline and 1 year
Secondary
SMAD 4 Expression
This measure will be the number of participants whose tumor biopsy is positive for the presence of SMAD 4 protein.
Time frame: Baseline