Botswana Combination Prevention Project

Conditions

HIV

Brief summary

The BCPP study is designed to test the hypothesis that implementing an enhanced combination prevention package which includes provision of ART to all participants, regardless of CD4 count or HIV disease severity, will impact the HIV/AIDS epidemic by significantly reducing population-level, cumulative HIV incidence in a defined geographic area over a period of 3 years and will be cost-effective.

Kelepile M, Kebotsamang K, Mawi M, Molebatsi K, Molefe-Baikai OJ, Babayani N, Grady SC, Mogaetsho GE, Moshomo T, Kgotlaetsile K, Leeme T, Gaolathe T, Mosepele M.

2026-01-26

10.1186/s12889-026-26247-1

Comparison of central obesity prevalence among adults living with and without HIV in Botswana: a cross-sectional study

Thato Moshomo, Moagedi Mawi, Christopher G. Williams, Kesaobaka Molebatsi, Tiny Masupe et al. (12 authors)

BMJ Open2025-04-011 citations

10.1136/bmjopen-2024-096170

Predictors of HIV seroconversion in Botswana

Yifan Cui, Sikhulile Moyo, Molly Pretorius Holme, Kathleen E. Hurwitz, Wonderful T. Choga et al. (17 authors)

AIDS2024-11-042 citations

10.1097/qad.0000000000004055

Fostemsavir resistance-associated polymorphisms in HIV-1 subtype C in a large cohort of treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced individuals in Botswana

Boitumelo Zuze, Botshelo Radibe, Wonderful T. Choga, Ontlametse T. Bareng, Natasha O. Moraka et al. (19 authors)

Microbiology Spectrum2023-10-126 citations

10.1128/spectrum.01251-23

To achieve 95-95-95 targets we must reach men and youth: High level of knowledge of HIV status, ART coverage, and viral suppression in the Botswana Combination Prevention Project through universal test and treat approach

Refeletswe Lebelonyane, Pamela Bachanas, Lisa Block, Faith Ussery, Mary Grace Alwano et al. (19 authors)

PLoS ONE2021-08-1030 citations

10.1371/journal.pone.0255227

Finding, treating and retaining persons with HIV in a high HIV prevalence and high treatment coverage country: Results from the Botswana Combination Prevention Project

Pamela Bachanas, Mary Grace Alwano, Refeletswe Lebelonyane, Lisa Block, Stephanie Behel et al. (18 authors)

PLoS ONE2021-04-2111 citations

10.1371/journal.pone.0250211

Population uptake of HIV testing, treatment, viral suppression, and male circumcision following a community-based intervention in Botswana (Ya Tsie/BCPP): a cluster-randomised trial.

Wirth KE, Gaolathe T, Pretorius Holme M, Mmalane M, Kadima E, Chakalisa U, Manyake K, Matildah Mbikiwa A, Simon SV, Letlhogile R, Mukokomani K, van Widenfelt E, Moyo S, Bennett K, Leidner J, Powis KM, Lebelonyane R, Alwano MG, Jarvis J, Dryden-Peterson SL, Kgathi C, Moore J, Bachanas P, Raizes E, Abrams W, Block L, Sento B, Novitsky V, El-Halabi S, Marukutira T, Mills LA, Sexton C, Pals S, Shapiro RL, Wang R, Lei Q, DeGruttola V, Makhema J, Essex M, Lockman S, Tchetgen Tchetgen EJ.

2020-06-0122 citations

10.1016/s2352-3018(20)30103-x

Comparison of knowledge of HIV status and treatment coverage between non-citizens and citizens: Botswana Combination Prevention Project (BCPP)

Tafireyi Marukutira, Lisa Block, Mary Grace Alwano, Stephanie Behel, Joseph N Jarvis et al. (15 authors)

PLoS ONE2019-08-2915 citations

10.1371/journal.pone.0221629

Universal Testing, Expanded Treatment, and Incidence of HIV Infection in Botswana

Joseph Makhema, Kathleen E. Wirth, Molly Pretorius Holme, Tendani Gaolathe, Mompati Mmalane et al. (45 authors)

New England Journal of Medicine2019-07-17204 citations

10.1056/nejmoa1812281

Impact of early initiation versus national standard of care of antiretroviral therapy in Swaziland’s public sector health system: study protocol for a stepped-wedge randomized trial

Fiona Walsh, Till Bärnighausen, Wim Delva, Yvette Fleming, Gavin Khumalo et al. (12 authors)

Trials2017-08-1880 citations

10.1186/s13063-017-2128-8

Botswana's progress toward achieving the 2020 UNAIDS 90-90-90 antiretroviral therapy and virological suppression goals: a population-based survey.

Gaolathe T, Wirth KE, Holme MP, Makhema J, Moyo S, Chakalisa U, Yankinda EK, Lei Q, Mmalane M, Novitsky V, Okui L, van Widenfelt E, Powis KM, Khan N, Bennett K, Bussmann H, Dryden-Peterson S, Lebelonyane R, El-Halabi S, Mills LA, Marukutira T, Wang R, Tchetgen EJ, DeGruttola V, Essex M, Lockman S, Botswana Combination Prevention Project study team.

2016-03-24190 citations

10.1016/s2352-3018(16)00037-0

Addressing social issues in a universal HIV test and treat intervention trial (ANRS 12249 TasP) in South Africa: methods for appraisal

Joanna Orne‐Gliemann, Joseph Larmarange, Sylvie Boyer, Collins Iwuji, Nuala McGrath et al. (13 authors)

BMC Public Health2015-02-2735 citations

10.1186/s12889-015-1344-y

HPTN 071 (PopART): rationale and design of a cluster-randomised trial of the population impact of an HIV combination prevention intervention including universal testing and treatment - a study protocol for a cluster randomised trial.

Hayes R, Ayles H, Beyers N, Sabapathy K, Floyd S, Shanaube K, Bock P, Griffith S, Moore A, Watson-Jones D, Fraser C, Vermund SH, Fidler S, HPTN 071 (PopART) Study Team.

2014-02-13186 citations

10.1186/1745-6215-15-57

Interventions

OTHERCombination Prevention

OTHEREnhanced Care

Study design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Intervention model

PARALLEL

Primary purpose

PREVENTION

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

ALL

Age

16 Years to 64 Years

Healthy volunteers

No

Inclusion criteria

* Protocol #1 - Baseline Household Survey (BHS): Permanent or part-time study community resident in any of the 30 study communities; Botswana citizen or spouse of a Botswana citizen; able to provide informed consent if ≥18 years old, or able to provide assent to complement a guardian's permission, if a minor (aged 16 or 17). * Protocol #3 - Expanded treatment cohort: HIV-infected persons in Combination Prevention communities who are not yet on ART and are able to provide informed consent if ≥18 years old, or able to provide assent to complement a guardian's permission, if a minor (aged 16 or 17).

Exclusion criteria

* Persons who do not meet inclusion criteria.

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Population-level, cumulative HIV incidence	3 years	Population-level cumulative HIV incidence will be measured in a cohort of HIV-negative persons identified from a 20% sample of eligible households in the 30 study communities followed annually.

Secondary

Measure	Time frame	Description
2. Population-level uptake of HIV testing and counseling (HTC), ART, VL Suppression, male circumcision (MC), and PMTCT services	3 years	Population-level uptake of each intervention will be measured in an annual survey of the 20% sample of eligible households in the 30 study communities and through analysis of routine program monitoring data.
Cost per additional infection averted	3 years	—

Countries

Botswana

Outcome results

None listed