Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Conditions
Keywords
aquatic exercises;, deep water running;, diabetes;, blood glucose;, inflammation.
Brief summary
The aim of this study was to analyse the acute and chronic effects of two aerobic-training models performed in water and on dry land on cardiorespiratory, functional, metabolic, hormonal and quality-of-life parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Interventions
OTHERAquatic exercise
OTHERLand Exercise
Sponsors
Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
30 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
The clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Not be performing regular and systematic physical exercise for at least three months.
Exclusion criteria
Uncontrolled hypertension. Autonomic neuropathy. Severe peripheral neuropathy. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. Uncompensated heart failure. Peripheral amputations. Chronic renal failure (GFR by MDRD \<30). Muscle or joint injury that prevents physical exercises.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Glycated hemoglobin | Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Low density lipoprotein. | Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| superoxide dismutase (SOD) | Before and after a session of 45 minutes of exercise; baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Catalase (CAT) | Before and after a session of 45 minutes of exercise; baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) | Before and after a session of 45 minutes of exercise; baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP) | Before and after a session of 45 minutes of exercise; baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Interleukin 1β | Before and after a session of 45 minutes of exercise; baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Interleukin 10 | Before and after a session of 45 minutes of exercise; baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Leukocyte DNA Methylation | Before and after a session of 45 minutes of exercise; baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Purines | Before and after a session of 45 minutes of exercise; baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Interleukin 6 | Before and after a session of 45 minutes of exercise; baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Global Histone Deacetylases activity | Before and after a session of 45 minutes of exercise; baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| 8-isoprostane | Before and after a session of 45 minutes of exercise; baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Content of reative species (DCF) | Before and after a session of 45 minutes of exercise; baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Fasting plasma glucose. | Before and after a session of 45 minutes of exercise; baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Postprandial glucose | Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Fasting insulin. | Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). | Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Total cholesterol. | Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| High density lipoprotein. | Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Triglycerides. | Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Plasma renin activity. | Before and after a session of 45 minutes of exercise; baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Angiotensin II. | Before and after a session of 45 minutes of exercise; baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| C-reactive protein ultrasensitive. | Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Water-soluble Fluorescent Substances | Before and after a session of 45 minutes of exercise; baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Oxidation of tyrosine residues | Before and after a session of 45 minutes of exercise; baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Oxidation of tryptophan | Before and after a session of 45 minutes of exercise; baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Oxygen uptake at ventilatory threshold. | Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Percentage of oxygen consumption at ventilatory threshold. | Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Systolic blood pressure. | Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Diastolic blood pressure | Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Resting heart rate. | Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Quality of life. | Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Depressive symptoms. | Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Sleep quality. | Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Peak oxygen consumption. | Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
| Timed up and go in habitual speed and maximal speed. | Baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. |
Countries
Brazil
Outcome results
None listed